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k|sfzssf] egfOljsf;sf] If]qdf ev{/} afd] ;b}{ u/]sf] xfd|f] d'n'sdf oftfoftsf ;fwg lelqg]qmd tLj| ?kn] a9\b} uPsf] 5 . ;8s lgdf{0fsf] t'ngfdf ;jf/L;fwgdfeO/x]sf] j[l4n] NofPsf ljljw ;d:ofdWo] oftfoft b'3{6gf a9\bf] qmdd}/x]sf] 5 . s"n If]qkmnsf] *# k|ltzt kxf8 / lxdfnn] 9fs]sf sf/0fljsf;sf cfwf/x? ;Lldt If]qdf s]Gb|Ls[t /x]sf sf/0f oftfoftsf ;fwgsf]3'OFrf] a9\g' :jfefljs ¿kd} To:t} If]qdf a9]sf] xf] . t/fO{ tyf s]xL ko{6sLo;x/afx]s clwsf+z oftfoftsf ;fwg /fhwfgL s]lGb|t ag]sf 5g\ . sl/atL; nfv hg;ª\Vof /x]sf] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf g} lzIff, :jf:Yo, :jb]zL tyfj}b]lzs /f]huf/L / cGo cj;/sf nflu pko'Qm ynf] ePsfn] oxfF ;'v;'ljwfsf ;fwgsf] ;ª\Vof a9\g' cfZro{hgs dfGg' h?/L 5}g .

x/]s lbg sf7df8f}+ lelqg] / aflxl/g] hg;ª\Vof klg sd 5}g . ofqfsfnflu clwsf+z dflg;n] ;8s oftfoft g} /f]Hg'kg]{ cj:yf klg 5 . cfly{s?kdf ;:tf] x'g] sf/0fn] klg ;8s oftfoft w]/} nf]slk|o /x]sf] 5 . o;/L;8s oftfoftn] jr{Zj sfod ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf b'3{6gf x'g' eg] lgs}b'ef{Uok"0f{ dfGg'k5{ . d'n'sdf x/]s jif{ x'g] sl/a @% xhf/ b'3{6gfdf b'O{xhf/eGbf w]/} dflg;sf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf] 5 eg] !@ xhf/eGbf a9L dflg;3fOt] x'g] u/]sf] tYofª\s kfOG5 . o;af6 :ki6 x'G5 ;8s b'3{6gfn] klgk|sf]khGo cj:yf pTkGg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . g]kfndf pBf]uwGbfsf] w]/} ljsf;geO;s]sf sf/0f clxn];Dd ;fdfGoafx]s 7"nf cf}Bf]lus b'3{6gf ePsf]tYofª\s pknAw 5}g . ;fdflhs åGåaf6 eg] d'n'ssf sl/a !& xhf/gful/sn] Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\ eg] caf}{+ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] Iflt ePsf] 5 .

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ljifok|j]zcf}Bf]lus ljsf;n] x/]s If]qdf cfˆgf] jr{Zj sfod /fv]sf] 5 . dflg;sfb}lgs cfjZostfsf j:t'b]lv ljnfl;tfsf j:t'sf] pTkfbg cf}Bf]lusk|lti7fgaf6 g} x'g] u/]sf] 5 . klxn] klxn] pBf]uwGbf eg]sf] ljnfl;tfsf;fdfgsf] pTkfbg ug]{ sf/vfgfsf ¿kdf lrGg] ul/Psf] eP klg casf;dodf pBf]uwGbf cfjZostf ag]sf] 5 . s[lifpTkfbgn] klg cf}Bf]lus :j¿klng yfn]kl5 t emg} dflg;sf] hLjgsf] cleGg kf6f] aGg k'u]sf] 5 cf}wf]lusljsf; . s[lif Joj;fodf cfl>t hg;ª\Vof cGo If]qdf ;+nUg x'g yfn]kl5hgzlQmsf] cefj a9\g yfn]sf] 5 . kl/0ffd:j¿k s[lifdf klg oflGqs qmflGtn]cfˆgf] ks8 agfPsf] 5 . To;}n] hLjgsf x/]s If]qdf cfjZos kg]{ j:t'sf]pTkfbg ug]{ k|lti7fgnfO{ g} pBf]u eg]/ kl/lrt ug'{ ;fGble{s x'g]5 .

ljsf;n] hlt kmGsf] dfb}{ hfG5, ToxL dfqfdf clk|o 36gfdf klg j[l4 x'g]u/]sf] 5 . pBf]u, snsf/vfgf / oftfoftsf ljleGg If]qdf ePsf] ljsf;;Fu}hgwgsf] Ifltdf klg j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . ;8sdf rng] uf8L / /]n;]jfsf ;fy}cfsfzdf p8\g] xjfOhxfhsf] b'3{6gfaf6 ljZjdf x/]s jif{ nfvf}F dflg;sf]d[To' x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ljleGg If]qdf :yfkgf eP/ ;~rflnt cf}Bf]lusk|lti7fgdf x'g] b'3{6gfsf] cj:yf klg sd sxfnL nfUbf] 5}g . ef/tsf]ef]kfndf ;g\ !(*$ sf] l8;]Da/df ePsf] cf0fljs b'3{6gf xf];\ jf tTsfnLg;f]leot ;ª\3df ePsf] r]gf]{lan cf0fljs b'3{6gf xf];\, b'a} cf}Bf]lus b'3{6gfx'g\ . cd]l/sfdf ;g\ @))! sf] ;]K6]Da/ !! df ePsf] cftª\sjfbL cfqmd0fg} lsg gxf];\ b'3{6gfsf HjnGt pbfx/0f dfGg ;lsG5 . o:tf b'3{6gfaf6ljZjdf Jofks¿kdf hgwgsf] Iflt eO/x]sf] 5 .

ljZjJofkL ¿kdf j[l4 eO/x]sf] hg;ª\Vofsf] cfjZostf k"lt{ ug{ eO/x]sf];x/Ls/0f, cf}Bf]lusLs/0fsf ;fy} u'0ffTds ¿kdf al9/x]sf] ;jf/L ;fwgsf]rfkn] ;jf/L b'3{6gfnfO{ klg j[l4 ul//x]sf] 5 . ;dfhdf x'g] cGo ck/fweGbf;jf/L b'3{6gfaf6 x'g] ck/fwn] a9L b'MvbfoL, eofjx / hgwgsf] 7"nf] Ifltx'g] ePsf]n] o;k|lt ;/sf/, ;'/Iff lgsfo / gful/s ;dfh ;d]t ;r]t x'g'h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 . g]kfndf ;8s oftfoftnfO{ e/kbf]{ agfP/ b'3{6gf


lgoGq0f ug{ 6«flkms k|x/Ln] sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . ;8s oftfoftdf x'g] clwsf+zb'3{6gfdf ;/sf/, k|x/L / ;Da4 lgsfosf] Wofg sd uPsf] hgu'gf;f]cfO/xg] u/] klg gful/s ;dfhsf] bfloTjnfO{ klg la;{g ;lsg] cj:yf/x]sf] 5}g . ;8s oftfoftsf] b'3{6gf w]/}h;f] rfnssf] nfkjf{xLsf sf/0fx'g] u/]sf] 5 tfklg ;fdflhs ¿kdf ofqL, ;8s glhs a;f]af; ug]{,;8sk]6Ldf k;n yfKg] jf ;8sdf k}bn ofqf ug]{ gful/s ;dfhsf JolQmsf]q'l6 klg sd 5 eGg ;lsFb}g . To;}n] g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df b'3{6gfhGo k|sf]ksf]rrf{ ubf{ ;8s oftfoftsf] b'3{6gfn] g} a9L k|fyldstf kfpg] b]lvG5 . o;afx]s xjfO oftfoft klg g]kfnsf] ;d:of aGb} uPsf] 5 . g]kfndf ;–;fgfcf}Bf]lus b'3{6gf eP klg k|sf]khGo cj:yfs} ¿kdf ljsl;t eO;s]sf]b]lvFb}g .

s] xf] b'3{6gf<b}lgs hLjgdf ;~rfng x'g] dfgjLo lqmofsnfksf sf/0f hgwgsf] Ifltx'g] cfsl:ds 36gfnfO{ b'3{6gf eGg ;lsG5 . b'3{6gf lgtfGt ¿kdf dfgjLosf/0faf6 g} x'g] ePsfn] o;nfO{ dfgjlgld{t k|sf]k eGg ;lsG5 . ;8sdfbf}l8g] sf/, hLk, a;, 6«s, /]n cflb klN6P/, 7f]lSsP/ jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn]Ifltu|:t x'Fbf dfgjLo Iflt x'G5 eg] To;nfO{ ;8s oftfoftsf] b'3{6gfelgG5 . To;}u/L cfsfzdfu{af6 p8fg eg]{ xjfOhxfh, x]lnsf]K6/ /cGt/LIfofgsf] b'3{6gfnfO{ xjfO b'3{6gf elgG5 .

dfgjLo cfjZostfsf j:t' pTkfbg ug]{ cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgsf d]lzg jfpks/0fdf v/faL cfP/ x'g] b'3{6gfaf6 dfgjLo Iflt ePdf To;nfO{ cf}Bf]lusb'3{6gf elgG5 . ljZjdf o:tf b'3{6gfsf cltl/Qm dfgjLo cfqmd0faf6 klgb'3{6gf x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . JolQm, ;d"x jf /fi6«aLr x'g] j}dg:otfsf sf/0fpTkGg ult/f]waf6 x'g] em}emu8fkl5 o'4sf] ¿k wf/0f u5{, o;nfO{ klgb'3{6gfsf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . o:tf ;a} b'3{6gfaf6 hgwgsf] 7"nf] Iflt x'G5/ Ifltsf] k"lt{ u/]/ b'3{6gfu|:t ;dfhsf] ultljlwnfO{ ;fdfGo cj:yfdfNofpg 7"nf] dfqfdf wg/fzL tyf ;xof]usf] cfjZostf k5{ eg] To;nfO{ g}b'3{6gfhGo k|sf]k eGg ;lsG5 .

ljZjdf o:tf b'3{6gf Jofks ¿kdf x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . rLgdf x/]s jif{sf]OnfvfgLdf x'g] b'3{6gfaf6 krf;f}F xhf/ dflg; dg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . ef/tdfklg o:tf] b'3{6gf sd x'g] u/]sf] 5}g . cf}Bf]lus d'n'sx?n] ljsf;zLn


d'n'saf6 cfoft ug]{ hgzlQm cf}Bf]lus b'3{6gfaf6 kLl8t x'g] u/]sf ;dfrf/klg k|z:t cfO/x]sf 5g\ . o:tf b'3{6gfsf] tYofª\s k|fKt ug'{ lgs} sl7g x'g]cj:yf /x]sf] 5 . x/]s 36gfsf] ;"rgf lbP/ gful/s ;dfhnfO{ ;';"lrtug'{kg]{ ljZjJofkL dfGotf /x]sf] eP klg ljZjdf To:tf] x'g] u/]sf] 5}g .

b'3{6gfsf k|sf/b'3{6gfnfO{ ljleGg k|sf/n] juL{s/0f ug]{ rng /x]sf] kfOPklg o; 1fgdfnfsf]nIo k|sf]ksf ljleGg 36gfsf af/]df ;fdfGo hfgsf/L lbO{ ;fdflhs;xhstf{ jf kl/rfnssf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug'{ / gful/s ;dfhnfO{ ;r]tu/fpg] ePsfn] k|sf]ksf] juL{s/0f klg ;fdfGo 9ª\un] g} ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf]5 . t;y{ b'3{6gfnfO{ lgDgcg';f/ juL{s/0f ug'{ ;fGble{s x'g]5 M

oftfoft b'3{6gf

ljZjdf ;a}eGbf a9L b'3{6gf oftfoftsf If]qdf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . To;df klg;8s oftfoftsf] b'3{6gfn] sxfnLnfUbf] ¿kdf wf/0f ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . xjfOoftfoftsf sf/0f ;ª\VofTds ¿kdf dflg;sf] d[To' sd x'g] b]lvP klgcfly{s Iflt lgs} 7"nf] x'g] u/]sf] 5 . oftfoft b'3{6gfnfO{ ;8s oftfoft,xjfO oftfoft / hnoftfoftaf6 x'g] b'3{6gf u/L tLg efudf ljefhg ug{;lsG5 . g]kfndf ;d'b| gePsfn] kfgLhxfhsf] b'3{6gf ;Dej 5}g t/obfsbf gf}sf ljxf/ jf ¥oflˆ6ªsf qmddf b'3{6gf x'g] u/]sf kfOG5 .

cf}Bf]lus b'3{6gf

cf}Bf]lus ljsf;;Fu} o;leq x'g] b'3{6gf klg sd kL8fbfoL 5}g . ljZjdfx/]s lbg ;of}F dflg; cf}Bf]lus b'3{6gfdf kg]{ u/]sf 5g\ . tTsfnLg ;f]leot;ª\3sf] r]gf]{lanl:yt cf0fljs e§Ldf ePsf] b'3{6gf, ef/tsf] ef]kfndfePsf] b'3{6gf, rLgdf ;g\ @))% df ePsf] /f;folgs r'xfj6, xfn} kfls:tfgdfuPsf] e'OFrfnf]sf sf/0f cf0fljs pmhf{ pTkfbg e§Ldf ePsf] Iflt 7"nfcf}Bf]lus b'3{6gfsf pbfx/0f x'g\ . ljz]ifu/L e"ue{af6 sf]Onf pTvgg\ ug]{pBf]udf a9L b'3{6gf x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . cGo pBf]udf b'3{6gf eP/ dhb'/dg]{ / 3fOt] x'g] s'/f ljZjdf ;fdfGoh:t} eO;s]sf] 5 .

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kfOG5g\ . k|frLg sfndf ePsf] dxfef/tsf] o'4, /fdfo0fsf] o'4, a]lanf]gdfePsf] o'4nfO{ wfld{s o'4sf ¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . To;f] t jt{dfg ;dodfklg wfld{s o'4 rln/x]s}] 5 . ljZjs} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] cftª\jfbL ;d"x cnsfobfn]ub}{ cfPsf] h]xfbsf] gfddf u/]sf] o'4sf] 3f]if0ffnfO{ wfld{s o'4sf ¿kdf lng]ul/Psf] 5 . t/ clxn] ljZj wd{lg/k]Iftftkm{ a9\b} uPsf] sf/0f o:tf o'4sf]/rgf ug]{ ;d"xnfO{ cftª\ssf/Lsf] laNnf nufOlbg] ul/Psf] 5 .

;a}eGbf 7"nf cfw'lgs o'4sf ¿kdf ;g\ !(!$ df k|f/De eP/ ;g\ !(!*;DkGg k|yd ljZjo'4 / ;g\ !(#( df k|f/De eP/ !($% ;DkGg bf];|f]ljZjo'4 /x]sf 5g\ . To;kl5 ljZjdf zflGtsf nflu cg]sf}F k|of; x'Fb} cfPklg o'''4n] slxNo} /f]lsg] jftfj/0f tof/ ePg . wgL / ;fwg;DkGg d'n'sn]ljZjdf clwsf/ agfO/fVg ug]{ cfqmd0fnfO{ klg cfw'lgs cftª\ssf/L o'4sf¿kdf lng ;lsG5 . O/fsn] s'j]tdfly u/]sf] cfqmd0f, cd]l/sfn] O/fslj?4u/]sf] cfqmd0f, ckmuflg:tfgdf rln/x]sf] o'4nfO{ ;fgf :t/sf b'3{6gfdf/fVg ldNb}g .

;fdflhs åGåg]kfnn] nfdf] ;do;Dd rn]sf] ;fdflhs åGåaf6 e/v/} d'lQm kfPsf] cg'e"ltu/]sf] 5 . ljZjdf o:tf åGåfTds 36gfn] hgwgsf] 7"nf] Iflt x'g] u/]sf] 5 .g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df !$ jif]{ hgo'4df k/L !& xhf/eGbf a9L dflg;n] Hofgu'dfPsf 5g\ eg] sl/a % ca{ ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] ef}lts ;DklQ gf]S;fgeO;s]sf] k|f/lDes cg'dfg 5 .

ljZjdf o:tf åGåfTds 36gf k|frLg sfnb]lv g} x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . zf;g;Qfsfnflu Ps d'n'sleq rNg] u/]sf] o:tf] 36gfnfO{ u[xo'4 klg eGg] ul/Psf] 5 .o:tf åGå tyf u[xo'4af6 ljZjdf jif]{gL nfvf}F dflg;n] Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf]5 eg] vaf}F cd]l/sL 8n/a/fa/sf] ;DklQ Iflt x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

b'3{6gfsf sf/0fb'3{6gf x'g] ljleGg sf/0f /x]sf x'G5g\ . b'3{6gfsf] If]q / k|s[ltsf cfwf/dfo;sf sf/0fsf] klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 . k|sf]k 1fgdfnfsf] o; z[ª\vnfdfljz]ifu/L ;8s b'3{6gfsf af/]df rrf{ ul/g] ePsfn] To;}leq s]lGb|t /x]/cl3 al9g]5 .


Joj:yfksLo bIftfsf] cefjhf]lvdljgfsf] s'g} sfd x'Fb}g . ljZjdf To:tf] s'g}] sfd 5}g, h;df s'g} gs'g} q'l6 gxf];\ jf hf]lvd/lxt xf];\ . t/ klg Joj:yfkgn] To:tf hf]lvdGo"gsLsf/0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;S5 . dflg;n] ug]{ x/]s sfo{df ;f]r /;ts{tfn] ;Defljt b'3{6gfaf6 x'g;Sg] hgwgsf] IfltnfO{ w]/} xb;Dd;xof]u ug{ ;S5 . pBf]u :yfkgf ubf{ / ;~rfng ubf{ x'g;Sg] oflGqsq'l6k|lt ;r]t g/xg], oftfoft b'3{6gf lgoGq0fsf nflu ;8s ;'wf/ jf ;jf/L;fwgsf] ;~rfng k|lqmofnfO{ lgoldt ug]{ Joj:yfsf] cefjdf b'3{6gfn]k|sf]ksf] ¿k lng] u/]sf] 5 .

sfg'gL Joj:yfsf] cefjb'3{6gf s'g} Ps If]qdf dfq x'Fb}g . oftfoft, pBf]u, ;fdflhs lje]b jf åGå,v]nd}bfg cflb If]qdf eO/xg] ;a} k|sf/sf 36gf b'3{6gf x'g\ . sltkod'n'sdf b'3{6gf Joj:yfkgsf ljifosf 5'§} sfg'g x'G5g\ t sltko d'n'sdfsfg'gL Joj:yf g} ePsf] x'Fb}g . sfg'gL Joj:yf gePsf If]qdf b'3{6gfJoj:yfkg x'Fb}g eGg ;lsG5 t/ sfg'gL Joj:yf ePsf sltko If]qdf klgsfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] cefjdf b'3{6gfn] k|sf]ksf] ¿k lng] u5{ .t;y{ s'g} klg If]qdf x'g] b'3{6gfsf] /f]syfdsf nflu sfg'gL Joj:yf x'g'k5{/ sfg'gsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogdf Wofg lbg' h?/L x'G5 .

r]tgf tyf bIftfsf] sdLsltko If]qdf eO/x]sf b'3{6gfsf] k|d'v sf/0f r]tgf / bIftfsf] cefj x'g'g} b]lvPsf] 5 . cbIf JolQmn] s'g} oGq jf d]lzg ;~rfng ubf{ b'3{6gf ePdfcfZro{ dfGg'kg]{ s'g} s'/f /xFb}g . 5kfO;DaGwL k]|; d]lzg ;~rfng ug{ghfGg] cbIf dhb'/nfO{ d]lzg rnfpg nufpg' jf JolQm cfkm}F hfGg] eP/d]lzg rnfpFbf x'g] z/L/sf] cª\ueª\u Ps ;fdfGo pbfx/0f xf] . s'g} klgcf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgdf s:tf] oGq h8fg ePsf] 5 / To;sf] ;~rfngsf nfluJolQmdf s:tf] bIftf cfjZos x'G5 eGg] r]tgf x'g' h?/L 5 . xjfO oftfoft,;8s oftfoftdf klg oxL oyfy{ nfu" x'G5 .

x]nr]qm\ofO“clwsf+z b'3{6gf oGq rfnssf] x]nr]qm\ofOFsf sf/0f x'g] u/]sf] klg kfOG5 .oGqrfnsdf /x]sf] cGwljZjf; jf cf8Da/sf sf/0f b'3{6gf x'g] u5{ .8«fOe/n] deGbf hfGg] sf]xL klg 5}g eGg] dfgl;stf, gzfn'kbfy{ vfP/ jf


;]jg u/]/ klg oflGqs pks/0f ;~rfng ug{ ;S5' eGg] 3d08 klg b'3{6gfsfsf/0f aG5g\ .

k|ljlwsf] k|lt:yfkgk|ljlwsf] ljsf; slxNo} g/f]lsg] k|lqmof xf] . ljZjdf x/]s lbg gofF k|ljlwsf]ljsf; eO/x]sf x'G5g\ eg] k'/fgf k|ljlwdf klg ;'wf/ x'g] qmd rln/x]sf]x'G5 . k|ljlw ljsf;sf] o; k|lqmofdf sltko pBf]uLn] gfkmf sdfpg] nIolnP/ k'/fg} k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . To;}u/L gofF k|ljlw leq\ofpgcfly{s, ;fdflhs / gLltut ¿kdf sl7gfO x'g;S5 . To; cj:yfdf k'/fgfoGq rnfpg] afWotf pTkGg eP/ klg oflGqs b'3{6gf x'g] ;Defjgf /xG5 .To;}u/L crfgs x'g] oflGqs u8a8Ln] klg b'3{6gfsf] l;sf/ agfpF5 .

dd{t;Def/sf] sdL

cf}Bf]lus If]qdf gfkmf cfh{gsf] p2]Zo /xg' c:jfefljs xf]Og . oBlk clwsf+zcf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgdf dhb'/sf] plrt ;'/Iff k|aGw / lalu|Psf] cf}hf/ /pks/0fsf] dd{t;Def/ x'g] u/]sf] kfOFb}g . vf;u/L sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf/x]sf d'n'sdf ;~rflnt pBf]u tyf cf}Bf]lus d'n'ssf ¿kdf gfd sdfpFb}cfPsf tyf gfd sdfO;s]sf d'n'sdf ;~rflnt pBf]ux?df klg pks/0fx¿sf]plrt dd{t;Def/ x'g] ub}{g . kl/0ffd :j¿k 7"nf] pBf]udf x'g] b'3{6gfn] ;of}Fdhb'/sf] Hofg hfg] u/]sf] kfOG5 .

cGo k|sf]ksf 36gf

cf}Bf]lus tyf oftfoft b'3{6gfdf k|sf]ksf cGo 36gf klg lhDd]jf/ /x]sfx'G5g\ . e'OFrfnf] hfFbf cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgdf Iflt k'U5 . cf}Bf]lus tyf Jofkfl/sejg jf sf/vfgf eTsG5g\ / To;df k/]/ w]/} dhb'/, Joj:yfkg sd{rf/Ldg{ jf 3fOt] x'g ;S5g\ . df};dL k|sf]ksf 36gfsf sf/0fn] xjfO b'3{6gfx'G5 . zLtnx/ rn]sf] ;dodf ;8s /fd|/L gb]lvP/ ;8s b'3{6gf x'G5 .af9L, klx/f]sf sf/0f Ifltu|:t ;8sdf u'8\g] ;jf/L;fwgsf] b'3{6gfnfO{ klgo;} >]0fLdf /fVg ;lsG5 . ;d'b|L cfFwLdf k/]/ kfgLhxfh 8'Ag] ;Defjgf/xG5 . cfunfuLn] klg o:tf b'3{6gfnfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpF5 . g]kfnsf] t/fO{e]udf kmfu'gb]lv rNg] x'/Latf;n] cf}Bf]lus ejg, ljBfno ejg, lghL tyf;fj{hlgs ejg / 3/ p8fP/ jf eTsfP/ klg b'3{6gf x'g] u/]sf] 5 . o;/Lb'3{6gfhGo k|sf]ksf nflu k|sf]ksf cGo 36gfsf] klg e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 .


oftfoft b'3{6gfsf]hf]lvd tyf Go"gLs/0f

g]kfndf clwsf+z b'3{6gfsf 36gf ;8s;Fu g} ufFl;Psf] kfOG5 . obfsbfxjfO b'3{6gfn] klg Iflt k'¥ofO/x]sf] x'G5 . ;fdflhs åGån] dfgjLo Ifltsft'ngfdf ef}lts ;+/rgfdf Iflt k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . oBlk xfd|f] ;Gbe{df ;8sb'3{6gf g} a9L Ifltsf/s ePsfn] o; ljifodf lj:t[t rrf{ ul/g] 5 .

g]kfndf ;jf/L Joj:yfkgsf k|of;;8s oftfoftsf] If]qdf x'g] b'3{6gfdf lg/Gt/ j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . ;8s /To;sf] jl/kl/sf] jftfj/0fn] ;8s If]q, ;x/ / d'n'ss} ;EotfnfO{ k|ltljlDatub{5 . ;8ssf] plrt ljsf; x'g g;s] /fli6«o ljsf;sf ljifo klg cf]em]ndfkg]{ ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf] ;'b'/ klZrdl:yt s0ff{nL c~rnn] ljsf;sf]d"n k|jfxaf6 6f9f /xg'sf] sf/0f klg oftfofts} cefj b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}n];8ssf] plrt ljsf;ljgf d'n'ssf] ljsf;sf] sNkgf ug{ g} ;lsFb}g .

Psflt/ ;x/L If]qdf hg3gTjsf] a9\bf] rfk;Fu} ;jf/L ;fwgsf] cfoft klgtLj| ag]sf] 5 . ;jf/L ;fwgsf] j[l4sf] t'ngfdf ;x/L ;8ssf] Ifdtf lgs}sd /x]sf] 5 . ;8s lgdf{0f ultsf t'ngfdf ;jf/L;fwgsf] cfoftdf w]/}j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . ePsf ;8ssf] dd{t;Def/ / u'0f:t/ j[l4df Wofg hfgg;Sg' tyf ;jf/L;fwgsf] rfksf t'ngfdf gofF ;8ssf] lgdf{0fdf ultgcfpgfn] 6«flkms ;d:ofn] lgs} hl6n ¿k lnPsf] cg'ej ;a} If]qdfeO/x]sf] 5 . ;Lldt ;8sdf cTolws ;jf/L rfk g} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] r'gf}tLb]lvPsf] 5 . o; ;d:ofn] d'n'ssf cGo ;x/sf t'ngfdf sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqcfˆgf] ks8 agfPsf] 5 . o; ;d:ofnfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{ sl7g eP klgb'3{6gf lgoGq0fsf k|of;df 6«flkms k|x/Ln] ljleGg ljlw ckgfPsf] kfOG5 .;8sdf cf]e/6]s ug{ glbg, cfˆgf] af6f] 5f]8]/ ;jf/L rnfpgaf6 lgoGq0fug{ ;8saLrdf af/ nufpg] ;Ddsf k|of;df k|x/Ln] ;do vlr{g' kl//x]sf]5 . t}klg sf7df8f}+df ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf sdL cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g, a? lbglbg}a9\b} uPsf] 5 .

To;}u/L d'n'sdf /x]sf /fhdfu{x¿df klg tLj| j]udf ;jf/L rnfpg] k|j[lQn]y'k|} b'3{gf x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;sf] lgoGq0fdf klg k|x/Ln] s]xL sfd ub}{cfPsf] 5 . /fhdfu{x¿df ;jf/L b'3{6gf lgoGq0fsf nflu ljleGg :yfgdf


lgoGq0f kf]:6sf] :yfkgf klg ePsf 5g\ . ;jf/L ;~rfngnfO{ lgoldt u/Lb'3{6gf lgoGq0fsf] p2]Zon] d'n'ssf ;a} ljsf; If]qdf If]qLo 6«flkms k|x/Lsfof{no / lhNnfx¿df lhNnf 6«flkms sfo{nox¿sf] :yfkgf ePsf] b]lvG5 .d'n'ssf 7"nf ;x/x¿df gu/ 6«flkms k|x/L sfof{nox¿sf] ;d]t :yfkgfePsf 5g\ . o:tf sfof{no / /fhdfu{df /x]sf 6«flkms k|x/L kf]:6x?n] lgDgp2]Zo /fv]sf] kfOG5 M

;8ssf] jt{dfg cj:yf / b'3{6gfsf] ;Defjgfaf/] ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{hfgsf/L lbg' .d'n'sdf ePsf] 6«flkms Joj:yfkgaf/] hfgsf/L lbg' .;8s oftfoft tyf 6«flkms Joj:yfdf b]lvPsf r'gf}tLaf/] ;/f]sf/jfnflgsfo tyf JolQmx?af6 ;'emfj k|:t't ug'{ .;8s oftfoftnfO{ ;j{;'ne / ;'rf? ug{ agfpg'kg]{ cNksfnLg tyfbL3{sfnLg of]hgfaf/] cfjZos ;'emfj ;ª\sng u/L ;/sf/ ;dIfk|:t't ug'{ .;8s oftfoftdf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/sf ljifodf eljiodf x'g] cWoog tyfcg';Gwfgdf dfu{bz{g Pj+ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' .

;8ssf] cj:yf / ;jf/L b'3{6gfg]kfndf @)%* ;fn ;Dddf !%,#)* lsnf]ld6/ k}bn ;8s ag]sf]df $,%@@lsnf]ld6/ kSsL ag]sf] lyof] . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf &$) lsnf]ld6/ kSsL;8s / !,##( lsnf]ld6/ sRrL af6f] ag]sf] tYofª\sn] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;8ssf]b'/L tyf ;ª\Vof a9fpg] sfo{qmdn] r':ttf lng ;s]sf] 5}g t/ k|To]s !)jif{leqdf g]kfndf oftfoftsf ;fwgsf] j[l4 #% k|ltztn] eO/x]sf] 5 .sf7df8f}+df dfq x]g]{ xf] eg] @)$* ;fndf ^# xhf/ dfq uf8L lyP eg]@)%* ;fn;Dddf @ nfv ^% xhf/ % ;o !^ ;jf/L ;fwg lelqPsf lyP .@)^$ c;f/;Dddf sf7df8f}+df dfq sl/a & nfv ;jf/L;fwg lelqPsf]cg'dfg 5 . o; cfFs8faf6 of] b]lvG5 ls k|To]s !) jif{df ;du| d'n'sdflelqg] #% k|ltzt ;jf/L ;fwgsf] j[l4df sf7df8f}+df cfoft x'g] ;jf/L;fwg clws/x]sf] 5 . o;/L ;jf/L ;fwgsf] j[l4;Fu} oftfoft b'3{6gf klg lgs}k|sf]ksf/L aGb} uPsf] 5 . @)%& ;fndf ;jf/L b'3{6gfaf6 ($@ hgf dflg;sf7df7f}+df dfq d/]sf lyP t/ @)%% ;fndf dg]{sf] ;ª\Vof *)& dfqlyof] .

xfnsf jif{df ePsf] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] j[l4 / u'0f:t/o'Qm ;8ssf] cefjsf


sf/0f b'3{6gfdf klg j[l4 eO/x]sf] 5 . d'n'se/ ;jf/L b'3{6gfdf k/L jflif{scf};t b'O{ xhf/eGbf a9L dflg;sf] Hofg hfg] u/]sf] tYofª\sn] b]vfpF5 .

g]kfnsf] ;jf/L b'3{6gfsf] tYofª\sLo l:yltcfly{s jif{ M )^)÷^!If]q b'3{6gf dflg; rf}kfof

d[To' 3fOt] d[To' 3fOt]pkTosf #^%@ *^ @#^% !! !k"j{ If]q %)# !^^ &#) @! !dWo If]q #^* !&( ^*% @ –klZrd If]q ^!( @*# !#)( !! $dWoklZrd @%@ &! $!! $ !;'b'/klZrd #^ !& *$ – –hDdf %$#) *)@ %%*$ $( !*

cfly{s jif{ M )^!÷^@pkTosf #&&* !@& @#)) !) %k"j{ If]q %$% !&^ &** !* *dWo If]q #$! !(@ !)#$ # !klZrd If]q ^#^ @$% !!)$ % #dWoklZrd !() %# %$( @ #;'b'/klZrd $@ !% ^( ! –hDdf %%#@ *)* %&^* #( @)

cfly{s jif{ M )^@÷^#pkTosf !(*( (* !&^^ # @k"j{ If]q $($ !(! *$$ !^ &dWo If]q $*^ @!# !)!* $ –klZrd If]q %() @)@ *(( @ !dWoklZrd @$* $) $$% ! –;'b'/klZrd *& &* !(* – –hDdf #*($ *@* %%@! @^ !)

;|f]tM k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, gS;fn


;jf/L b'3{6gfsf sf/0foftfoft gLltsf] cefj;/sf/n] cem} klg 7f]; oftfoft gLlt agfP/ nfu" ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . ;jf/L;~rfng gLltsf] cefjsf] df/df oftfoft dhb'/ klg kl//x]sf 5g\ .tTsfnLg ;/sf/n] @)%$ ;fndf /fli6«o oftfoft gLlt th'{df ug{ sfo{bnu7g u/]sf] lyof] / ;f] sfo{bnn] @)%% c;f/ #@ df gLltsf] d:of}bfk|ltj]bg k]z ul/;s]sf] eP klg To;n] b/fhdf ylGsg] cj;/ dfq kfPsf]5 . ;/sf/sf] o:tf] pbfzLgtfn] ;jf/L b'3{6gfnfO{ ck|ToIf ¿kdf k|>olbPsf] b]lvG5 .

;jf/L lgodsf] lkmtnf] sfof{Gjog;jf/L P]g @)$( tyf ;jf/L lgodfjnL @)%$ sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'gg;Sg' klg b'3{6gfsf] sf/0f dflgPsf] 5 . lgodn] Joj:yf u/]cg';f/ ;jf/Lsf]k~hLs/0f ug]{, cg'dlt kq gjLs/0f ug]{ / cj}w ;jf/L ;~rfngdf /f]snufpg]h:tf sfo{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ;jf/Lrfnsn];fdfGo 6«flkms hfd x'Fbf klg ;8sk]6Laf6 ;jf/L rnfpg], h]a|f qml;ªdfofq'nfO{ k|fyldstf glbg], ;s8 lsgf/df ;jf/L t]:of{P/ /fVg]h:tflqmofsnfk;Dd lgoGq0f ug{ g;Sg' b'3{6gfsf sf/0f x'g\ eGg ;lsG5 .

To;}u/L ;jf/L P]gsf] bkmf ^# tyf lgodsf] kl/R5]b % adf]lhd kl/rfnscg'dlt kqsf] Joj:yf xfn;Dd sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5}g . oftfoft Joj:yfljefun] ;jf/Lrfns cg'dltkq ljt/0f ug]{ u/]klg kl/rfns k|df0fkqljt/0f ug]{ sfo{of]hgf g} ag]sf] 5}g . sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjogdf b]lvPsf] o:tf]lkmtnf]kgn] b'3{6gfnfO{ k|>o lbO/x]sf] 5 .

;jf/Lsf] hL0f{ cj:yfg]kfndf ;~rflnt clwsf+z a; #) jif{eGbf w]/} k'/fgf 5g\ . @) jif{ k'/fgf;jf/L;fwg x6fpg] ;/sf/n] gLlt lnPsf] eP klg To;sf] ;d]t sfof{Gjogx'g ;s]sf] 5}g . olt k'/fgf ;jf/L;fwgsf] u'\8\g] Ifdtf / ofq' af]Sg] IfdtfTo;} klg sd x'G5 . t}klg oftfoft Joj;foLn] ;fwgsf] k|lt:yfkg ug]{tkm{


rf;f] /fVb}gg\ . ;jf/L P]g @)$( cg';f/ ;fwgsf] dd{t;Def/ ug]{ / e/kbf]{agfpg] sfo{ gx'g' / To;sf] cg'udg gx'g' klg b'3{6gfsf] sf/0f xf] .

;8ssf] cj:yfg]kfndf lgld{t ;8sn] dd{t;Def/sf] cj;/ kfpg' eg]sf] jL/jnsf] lvr8Lksfpg] syfh:t} /x]sf] 5 . jiff}{+;Dd klg dd{t gePsf ;8s sf7df8f}+leq}y'k|} 5g\ . TolQ dfq xf]Og ;8s dd{t u/]sf] Psdlxgf klg glaQ} elTsgyfN5g\ t/ dd{t ug]{ 7]s]bf/ jf hfFrkf; ug]{ k|fljlwsdfly sfjf{xL x'g;Sb}g . ;8ssf] o; b'/fj:yfsf sf/0f klg ;8s b'3{6gfdf j[l4 eO/x]sf]5 .

;8s cltqmd0fa9\bf] ;x/Ls/0f Pj+ ;jf/L;fwgsf] sf/0faf6 ;f3'Fl/b} uPsf ;8sx¿sf]aLrdf afnLgfnL ;'sfpg] / j:t'efp 5f8\gfn] klg b'3{6gfdf j[l4 eO/x]sf]5 . kl/0ffd:j¿k JolQmsf] Hofg hfg] / oftfoft dhb'/n] h]n;hfo ef]UgafWo x'g'kg]{ /x]sf] 5 .

7]Ssf k|yf;jf/L;fwgsf wgLn] cfˆgf ;fwg ;fdfGo / df}lvs ;Demf}tf u/L rfnsnfO{7]Ssfdf lbg] k|rng a9\b} uPsf] 5 . o:tf] Joj:yfn] ;jf/LrfnsnfO{ ;fwgsf]plrt ;+/If0f, ;~rfng / dd{t;Def/k|lt pbfzLg agfpFb} uPsf] b]lvG5 .Pstkm{ oftfoft dhb'/sf] lbuf] hLljsf]kfh{g gx'g] / csf]{tkm{ hyfefjL;jf/L;fwg rnfpg] dfgl;stfn] b'3{6gfnfO{ an k'¥ofpg] sfd ul//x]]sf] 5 .

dd{t;Def/

;jf/L ;fwgsf] dd{t ;+ef/nfO{ :t/Lo Pj+ Jojl:yt ug]{ k|rng g]kfndfHofb} sd 5 . lghL / nfdf] b"/Ldf rNg] ;jf/L;fwgsf] lgoldt dd{t;Def/x'g] u/]sf] kfOP klg 5f]6f] b"/Ldf rNg] ;jf/L;fwgsf] dd{t;Def/ Hofb} sdx'g] u5{ . sfd rlnxfN5 eGg] dfgl;stfsf] ljsf; eO/x]sf]n] klg of]cj:yfn] k|>o kfO/x]sf] 5 .


;+:yfut e|:6frf/;8slgdf{0fb]lv lnP/ ;jf/L;fwgsf] ;~rfng cg'dltkq tyf af6f]sf]:jLs[lt;Ddsf sfo{df Jofks ¿kdf e|i6frf/ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . clwsf+z If]qdfsld;g / k};fn] g} sfd ug]{ / u/fpg] k|j[lQsf] ljsf; eO/xgfn] ;fjf/L;fwg;~rfng k|lqmofdf x'g] q'l6n] lj:tf/ x'g] df}sf kfO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L e|:6frf/n];+:yfut ¿k lnPkl5 b'3{6gfsf sf/0f cem lj:tfl/t x'Fb} hfg' c:jefljsx'Fb}g .

sfg'g pNnª\3g

oftfoft If]qsf] lglDt 5'6\6} P]gsf] dfu k~rfotL sfnb]lv g} p7fpFb} cfPsf]dfaNn @)$( df cfP/ ;jf/L P]gn] th'{df x'g] df}sf kfof] / of] ;jf/L P]g hf/LePsf] klg !% jif{ lalt;s]sf] 5 . ;f] P]gnfO{ ;/n 9ª\un] sfof{Gjog ug{;jf/L lgodfjnL @)%$ hf/L ePsf] 5 . pQm lgodfjnL xfn;Dd sfof{Gjoggul/Psf] dfq xf]Og o;sf] ckJofVof ug]{ sfd eO/x]sf] 5 . sfg'gsf]ckJofVof u/L wDsfpg] / /sd c;'n ug]{ sfo{x¿ lbgk|ltlbg al9/x]sf5g\ .

bIf hgzlQmsf] cefj

oftfoft h:tf] ;+j]bgzLn tyf ;+odL If]qdf ;~rfng kl/rfngsf] tflndlbnfpg Jojl:yt k|lzIf0f s]Gb|x¿ 5}gg\ . kl/rfns cg'dltkqsf] Joj:yfxfn;Dd ul/Psf] 5}g . cJojl:yt 8«fOleª :s'nx¿ v'n]sf 5g\ . ltgLx¿sf]:t/Lotfsf] af/]df lg/LIf0f ul/Fb}g . dd{t ;+ef/df klg bIf k|fljlws hgzlQmsf]cefj 5 .

nfkjf{xL

;jf/L wgL, rfns / ofq' ;a} kIfsf] a9\bf] nfkjf{xL klg b'3{6gfsf] sf/stTj xf] . /fqL ;]jf ;~rfngdf a9L k|sfz lbg] vfnsf aQLx¿ afNg], ljleGglsl;dsf kmsnfO6x¿ /fVg], cufl8 csf]{ uf8L cfpFbf x]8l8d gug]{, c:j:yk|lt:kwf{ ug]{ cflb h:tf sfo{x¿ klg eO/x]sf 5g\ . ofq'x¿sf] nfkjf{xL,dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg, u'08fubL{, xf]xNnf, ;8sk]6Lsf] k|of]u gug'{, ;8s ;ª\s]tsf]kfngf gug'{, hyfefjL ;8s kf/ ug]{ cflb sf/0fx¿ klg 5g\ . pk/f]Qm


sf/0fsf ;fy} ;jf/L b'3{6gfsf cGo sf/0f lgDgcg';f/ 5g\ M

sd pd]/sf rfnsåf/f ;jf/L rnfpg' .

cbIf / cw{bIf rfnsn] ;jf/L rnfpg' .

df]6/;fOsn / ;fOsn ;8sdf hyfefjL rnfpg] k|j[lQ lgolGqtgx'g' .

;x/df vf;u/L eL8ef8df tLj| ultdf ;jf/L rnfpg' .

/fhdfu{df :jR5Gb ultn] ;jf/L rnfpg' tyf k'n, sNe6{df lgoGq0fug{ g;Sg' .

Psn] csf]{nfO{ pl5g]/ cufl8 a9\g] k|lqmof clgoldt x'g' .

dlb/fkfg u/]/ ;jf/L rnfpg' .

;jf/L b'3{6gfsf lhDd]jf/ kIf;/sf/n] gLlt, lgod, sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjog u/fpg] sfd u5{ . t/sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] 5 jf 5}g eg]/ k/LIf0f ug]{ k|efjsf/L ;+oGqsf]:yfkgf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . oftfoft If]qsf] lgoldt cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg x'gg;Sg' / rl/q lgdf{0fdf g;3fpg' b'3{6gfsf lhDd]jf/ kIf x'g\ . o; cy{df;/sf/ a9L lhDd]jf/ 5 eGg ;lsG5 . t/ ;jf/L;fwgsf rfns / gful/s;dfh klg o;df sd lhDd]jf/ eg] 5}gg\ . ;8sk]6Laf6 glxF8]/ ;8ssf]aLrf]aLr k}bn ofqf ug'{, hxfFaf6 kfof] ToxLFaf6 ;8s kf/ ug]{ k|of; ug'{,6«flkms lgoGq0f aQLsf] Vofn gug'{ cflb ;8s b'3{6gfsf lhDd]jf/ kIf x'g\ .

Joj;foaf6 gfkmf sdfpg] ;f]rsf] dfq ljsf; ePsf] 5 . v/fa cj:yfsfuf8Lsf] dd{t;Def/df plrt Wofg glbg', P]g tyf lgodsf] pNnª\3g ug'{h:tfu}x| lhDd]jf/k"0f{ sfo{x¿ klg b'3{6gfsf lhDd]jf/ kIf x'g\ .

oftfoft dhb'/x¿ klg b'3{6gfsf lhDd]jf/ kIfx¿ x'g\ . nfkjf{xL;fy uf8Lrnfpg', uf8Lsf] cj:yfsf] plrt Vofn gug'{, clgolGqt ultdf ;jf/Lrnfpg', cf]e/nf]8 ug'{, ofq'x¿;Fu b'Jo{jxf/ ug'{, 6«flkms lgodsf] k"0f{¿kdfkfng gug'{h:tf sfo{ dhb'/sf sdhf]/ kIf x'g\ .

;j{;fwf/0f hgtfdf /x]sf] …of] ;8s g} d]/f]Ú h:tf] dfgl;stf klg b'3{6gfsfsf/0f ePsfn] ;j{;fwf/0f klg b'3{6gfsf sf/s kIf x'g\ . b'3{6gfkl5 sf/0fsf]vf]hLljgf g} s'6lk6, cfuhgL, ;jf/L ;fwgsf] Iflt ug]{ ul/G5 . eljtJosf]


sf/0fn] jf :jo+ d[tss} sf/0fn] b'3{6gf ePsf] cj:yfdf klg rfnsnfO{s'6lk6 ug]{, cTolws /sd dfu ug]{, cdfgjLo / cJojxfl/s sfo{ klgb'3{6gfsf lhDd]jf/ kIf x'g\\ .

6«flkms Joj:yfkgsf r'gf}tL

!) jif{leqdf ;jf/L btf{df #%) k|ltzt j[l4 ePsf] 5 . ;jf/L ;ª\Vofdflbgfg'lbg j[l4 x'Fb} hfg' t/ ;8ssf] If]qkmn ga9\g', gofF ;8ssf] k"jf{wf/gaGg' / ePsf] ;8ssf] klg oyf]lrt dd{t;Def/ x'g g;Sg'n] 6«flkmsJoj:yfkg lgs} sl7g aGg k'u]sf] 5 . ;x/Ls/0fn] NofPsf] o; hl6n;d:ofnfO{ Jojl:yt ug'{ lgZro klg sl7g x'G5 . Joj:yfkgsf] ;s/fTds¿k Toltv]/ b]lvG5 ha ;DalGwt lgsfox¿sf] aLrdf ;dGjo / ;dembf/Lsf;fy ;fd'lxs k|of; x'G5 . g]kfnh:tf] e"–kl/j]li7t d'n'sdf ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/v8f ug{ ;8sn] g} uxg e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ x'Fbf ;8s oftfoftdfly g} k"0f{¿kn] lge{/ /xg'kg]{ cj:yf 5 . To;}n] 6«flkms Joj:yfkgsf] uxg dxTj/x]sf] oyfy{nfO{ gsfg{ ;lsFb}g . oBlk j}1flgs ljlw / k|ljlwsf] cefjJoj;flos 1fg tyf ;Lksf] Jojxfl/s k|of]usf] sdL / lgoGq0f, ;'k/Lj]If0f,cg'udgsf] sdLn] 6«flkms Joj:yfkgdf r'gf}tL b]vf k/]sf] 5 .

6«flkms lgoGq0fsf ;d:of6«flkms ;ª\s]tsf nflu pTs[i6 aQLsf] cefj x'g' .

ePsf] 6«flkms ;ª\s]t aQLsf] dd{t;Def/ ;dodf gx'g' .

6«flkms k|x/Lleq /fhgLlts x:tIf]k x'g' .

bIf / OdfGbf/ 6«flkms k|x/Lsf] cefj x'g' .

6«flkms k|x/Ldf cg'zf;g / g}lts rl/qsf] ljsf; x'g g;Sg' .

k}bn ofq'sf] ;'ljwfdf sdLk}bn ofqfsf nflu pko'Qm / ;'/lIft af6f] gx'g' .

pko'Qm h]a|f qml;ª, v08–v08df ljeflht ;8s, tyf cfsfz] k'nsf]sdL x'g' .

k}bn ofqLdf ;8s oftfoft, 6«flkms lgodaf/] kof{Kt 1fg gx'g' .

k}bnofqLdf ;d]t ;8s d]/} t xf] lg eGg] 3d08sf] ljsf; x'g' .


kfls{ª ;'ljwfsf] cefj;jf/L ;fwgx¿sf] j[l4sf] t'ngfdf kfls{ªsf] Go"gtd ;'ljwfsf] k|aGwx'g g;Sg' .

Jofkl/s ejg, ljzfnahf/h:tf If]qdf ;d]t plrt kfls{ªsf] k|aGwgul/g' .

;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwgn] htfkfof] Tot} ;jf/L ;fwg /f]Sg' / plrtkfls{ªsf nflu Joj:yf ug{ g;Sg' .

hgr]tgfsf] sdL .

rfns k|lzIf0fsf nflu :t/Lo ljBfno ;~rfng x'g g;Sg' .

;fgf–;fgf dfu k"/f ug{ rSsfhfd ug]{, ;8sdf 6fo/ afNg], OF6fˆofFSg] k|j[lQsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ x'g] qmd tLj| x'g' .

;jf/L b'3{6gf lgoGq0fsf pkfo

;8s ;'wf/

g]kfndf ;8s b'3{6gf x'g'df hL0f{ ;8s g} lhDd]jf/ /x]sf] 5 . ;/sf/n]ljleGg dfWodaf6 ;8s dd{t;Def/ z'Ns p7fpg] u/]sf] 5 . t/ To:tf]z'Ns sxfF vr{ x'G5 < ;b'kof]u x'G5 jf x'Fb}g < slt /sd p7\5 < h:tfk|Zgsf] hjfkm vf]Hg] k|rng 5}g / vf]hL ePdf klg To;sf] hjfkm k|fKt x'g]cj:yf 5}g . oftfoft b'3{6gfnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;/sf/n] ;8s ;'wf/sf lgDgIf]qdf Wofg lbg'k5{ M

u'0f:t/Lo ;8s lgdf{0f, plrt dd{t;Def/ / ;~rfng;DaGwL :ki6gLltsf] Joj:yf u/L gLltsf cfwf/df sfg'g th'{df u/]/ sfof{Gjogug'{k5{ .

cgfjZos ¿kdf al9/x]sf] ;jf/L;fwgsf] rfk sd ug{ / sd rfkePsf 7fpFdf ;8ssf] Ifdtfsf cfwf/df ;fwg yk ug]{ :ki6 gLltsf]th'{df u/L sfo{ ug'{k5{ .

;8s lgdf{0f tyf dd{t;Def/df eO/x]sf] e|i6rf/ / clgoldttfnfO{


cGTo ug'{k5{ .

pkof]lutfd"ns ;8s of]hgfnfO{ k|fyldstf lb+b} clwstd pkof]u ug]{tkm{k|of; ug'{k5{ . o:tf j:t'sf] pTkfbg ug]{ pBf]u ;d"xnfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg]Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

g]kfnsf w]/}h;f] ;8s cfof]hgf df};dL ¿kdf dfq ;~rflnt ePsfn];8ssf] u'0f:t/ vl:sPsf] kfOG5 . o:tf] ;8s lgdf{0f jf dd{t;Def/vlr{nf] klg x'G5 . Pp6f df};ddf tof/ u/]sf] k"jf{wf/sf] sfo{ csf]{df};d cfpgf;fy gi6 eO;Sg] x'G5 . t;y{ of]hgfsf] th'{df ubf{ g} o;ljifodf ;f]r k'¥ofpg'k5{ .

If]qLo c;Gt'ngtfnfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{ / a9\bf] a;fOF;/fOnfO{ sd ug{u|fdL0f ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx¿ Nofpg'k5{ . o:tf sfo{qmdx¿df /f]huf/d"nsJoj;fosf] nflu k|fyldstf lbg'k5{ . cJojl:yt ;x/Ls/0fnfO{ lgoGq0fub}{ Jojl:yt ug'{k5{ .

;jf/L;fwg ;~rfngsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/

;jf/L ;~rfng Joj:yfkgdf b]lvPsf] ;d:ofsf] Go"gLs/0f Pj+ lg/fs/0fug{sf] nflu ;/sf/, oftfoft Joj;foL / dhb'/x¿sf] ;Gt'lnt k|ltlglwTj/xg] u/L /fli6«o :t/sf] clwsf/ ;DkGg :yfoL ;~rfng af]8{sf] u7g u/L ;f]af]8{sf] dfWodaf6 ;dGjo u/L oftfoft ;]jf ;~rfng ug'{k5{ . af]8{nfO{cfjZostf cg';f/ s]Gb|, c~rn / lhNnf Pj+ :yfgLo :t/;Dd u7g x'g] 5'6lbg'k5{ . af]8{n] lgDg ljifodf sfd ug]{ clwsf/ lbg' ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf]dfGotfcg'¿k x'g]5 M

ofq'jfxs ;jf/L ;+rfngdf a9\b} uPsf] dgk/LtGqnfO{ lgoGq0f ub}{clw/fHodf ;~rfng x'g] ;fj{hlgs a;, ldgLa; h:tf ;jf/Lsf ;fwgx¿rqmk|0ffnLaf6 ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . zx/L If]qdf ofq'sf] rfk / ;dosf]Vofn /fVb} nf]sn / b|'t;]jf u/L @ k|s[ltsf ;fwgsf] ;~rfng ug'{kg]{b]lvG5 . o:tf ;]jf ;~rfngdf kfng ug'{kg]{ dfkb08, uf8Lsf] cj:yf Pj+ef8fsf] b/ lgwf{/0fdf s8f dfkb08 tf]ls Jojl:yt ul/g'k5{ .

ljBdfg ?6 Ohfht kq lbg] Joj:yfnfO{ ;'wf/ u/L ;j]{If0f kl5 ;8ssf]ef/jxg Ifdtf, ;8ssf] cj:yf, :yfgLo cfjZostf Pj+ pkof]lutfsf]kIfsf] Vofn /fVb} Ohfht lbg] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . s'g} ?6df ;~rflnt


;jf/L ;fwgn] ?6 k/ld6 km]/abn ug{ rfx]sf] cj:yfdf k'/f ug'{kg]{dfkb08, ljsNk ;fwg, j}slNks dfu{sf] klg Wofg lbg' clgjfo{ 5 . d]nf,kj{, rf8af8 cflbdf ljgf k/ld6 uf8L ;~rfng ug{ kfpg] ljz]if Joj:yfug'{k5{ . ?6 Ohfht lbFbf cToGt nfdf] ?6sf] nflu Ohfht lbg] k|0ffnLxflgsf/s 5 . o;sf] lg/fs/0fsf] nflu lglZrt :yfg;Ddsf dfq ?6Ohfht lbg] / ;f] :yfgaf6 csf]{ uf8Ldf hfg'kg]{ u/L 6«flGh6 k|0ffnLsf]Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

ljBdfg pknAw ePsf ;jf/L kfs{, 6ld{gnsf] Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ /Jojl:yt ub}{ sf7df8f}+ aflx/ alb{jf; 9Ns]j/sf] 5]p5fpdf !, a'6jnsfjf;f]tL cf;kf; !, / x]6f}+8fdf ! u/L # j6f 7"nf cfw'lgs a;kfs{nfO{6«flGh6 hS;gsf] ¿kdf k|of]u u/L ;'b'/k"j{sf uf8Lx¿ k"j{df, dWosf]uf8Lx¿ x]6f+}8fdf / klZrdtkm{sf] uf8Lx¿ a'6jnsf] kfs{x¿af6 ofq'nfO{csf]{ uf8Ldf r9fpg] Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ . dfnjfxs ;jf/Lsf ;fwgsf]nf]8 cGnf]8sf] plrt k|aGw ug{ rqmky aflx/ 6«s kfls{ªsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . pkTosf leq ;~rflnt ld6/ hl8t ;jf/Lsf ;fwgx¿nfO{ ofq'sf]k|tLIff u/]/ a:g gkfpg] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . zx/ leq ;~rfng x'g] gu/a;x¿sf] af6f]df ofq' s'/]/ a:g] Joj:yfnfO{ k"0f{ lgoGq0f u/L a;kfs{afx]s cGoq cf]/fNg] / psfNg lbg] dfq Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ .

clxn]sf] ef8f lgwf{/0f ;DaGwL cGof]ntfsf] cGTo ug{sf nflu ef8flgwf{/0f cg'udg ug]{ sfo{ klg lqkIfLo af]8{n] ug]{ Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .;8ssf] lj:tf/;Fu} ;jf/L ;~rfngdf lj:tf/ x'g' :jfefljs xf] . o:tf]]cj:yfdf gofF ?6 vf]Ng'sf ;fy} To;df lghL If]qaf6 oftfoft ;]jf;~rfng ug]{ / cf–cfkm\g} b/n] ef8f lgwf{/0f ug]{ kl/kf6L 5 . t;y{;DalGwt ?6 jf If]qsf] ;jf/L ;~rfngdf j}1flgs dfkb08sf cfwf/dfnfut olsg u/L oftfoft ef8f lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ . ;/sf/n] gofF ?6x¿df;~rfngsf] Ohfht lbFbfg} ef8f lgwf{/0f u/]/ dfq Ohfht kq k|bfgug'{k5{ . To:t} ;j]{If0fsf] cfwf/df b'/L, tf}n, / dfnsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ef8fsf] lgwf{/0f ug'{k5{ . ld6/hl8t ;jf/Lsf ;fwgx¿sf] ef8fb/dfljljwtf /x]sf] jt{dfg cj:yfdf ;f]sf] klg ;j]{If0f u/L k'g{Jojl:yt ug'{cfjZos 5 . ld6/af6 7uL ug]{ k|0ffnLnfO{ b'?T;fxg ug{ s8f sfjf{xLsf]Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ .


a'lsª k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{sf] nflu a;kfs{x¿df ?6 cg';f/sf]a'lsª sfpG6/ clgjfo{ ¿kdf /fVg'k5{ . a;kfs{ aflx/ klg l6s6 a'sug]{ ;'ljwf lbg'kg]{ cj:yfdf ofq'nfO{ lkscksf] Joj:yf ug]{ u/L a'lsª;]jfsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . ;a} ;ª\3, l;08Ls]6 / uf8LwgLx¿n] cf–cfkm\gfa's/x¿nfO{ clgjfo{ kl/ro kq pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf s8fOsf ;fynfu" ug]{ kl/rokq gem'08\ofO{ l6s6 a's ug{ gkfpg] s8f Joj:yful/g'k5{ .

;jf/Lsf] ;fwg dd{t ;+ef/ Pj+ a8L lgdf0f{ ug]{ sfo{sf] nflu >L % sf];/sf/sf/sf] lgsfodf btf{ u/L Ohfht lbg'kg]{, Ohfht k|fKt js{;kx¿df;]jfsf] cfwf/df bIf k|fljlwsx¿sf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{, k|To]s js{;kx¿df;jf/L k|b'if0f dfkgoGq clgjfo{ /fVg'kg]{ Joj:yfx¿ ug'{k5{ . ;/sf/Ldfkb08df pNn]v ePsf] afx]s a9L lgdf{0f ePsf] cj:yfdf ;f]sf] ;Dk"0f{Ifltk"lt{ ;DalGwt lgdf{0fstf{n] clgjfo{ ltg'{kg]{ Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ .

9'jfgLsf] k|of]hgsf ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ;~rfng kl/rfngdf b]lvPsf] ljBdfgcGof}ntfsf] cGtsf nflu ljs]Gb|Lt l;08Ls]6dfkm{t rqmk|0ffnLaf6oftfoftsf] ;~rfng ul/g'k5{ . oL l;08Ls]6x¿ klg lqkIfLo af]8{sf]dftxt /xg] Joj:yf x'g'k5{ . o;/L ;~rfng x'g] uf8Lx¿sf] cj:yf /;]jfdf eg] :t/Lotf sfod ug'{k5{ .

sfg'gsf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog

P]g sfg'gsf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjogn] dflg;nfO{ g}lts ¿kn] lgodcg';f/ rNgafWo agfpF5 . h;af6 b'3{6gf jf cGo ck/fwdf sdL cfpF5 / ck/fw jfeljtJosf] lgSof]{n eO{ bf]ifLdfly sfjf{xL / lgbf]{ifnfO{ ;kmfO{ lbg ;lhnf] x'g]x'G5 .

kl/rfns cg'dlt kqsf] Joj:yf

eljiosf] ;jf/L rfns cfhsf] kl/rfns x'g] x'gfn] cfjZos of]Uotf k'u]sf]JolQmnfO{ dfq kl/rfns agfOg' k5{ . t/ clxn] ljgf tflndsf] JolQmvnf;Lsf] ¿kdf uf8Ldf sfd ug{ yfNg] / k"0f{ bIftf xfl;n gu/L uf8Lrnfpgfn] b'3{6gf x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 . of]Uotf / bIftf k'u]sf] JolQmnfO{


kl/rfnssf] cg'dlt kq lbPdf sf]/f ;jf/L rfnssf] :yfgdf of]Uotf k'u]sf]bIf JolQm dfq ;jf/L rfns aGg ;Sg]5 . vnf;Ln] ug'{kg]{ sfddf ;d]tcfjZos k|lzIf0f / hfgsf/L lbOPdf vnf;Lsf] uNtLaf6 x'g] b'3{6gfdf sdLcfpg ;Sb5 .

k|lzIf0fsf] plrt k|aGw

;jf/L ;~rfng kl/rfngsf] nflu bIf ljz]if1x¿åf/f k|lzIf0f lbg] Joj:yfug'{k5{ . k|lzIf0fsf] nflu dfGotf k|fKt ;/sf/L k|lzIf0f s]Gb|x¿ lgdf{0f u/LbIf rfns pTkfbg ug'{k5{ . ;jf/L rfns k|df0fkq lbg] jt{dfg Joj:yfnfO{cem Jojl:yt ug'{k5{ .

hg r]tgf clej[l4

;jf/L ;DaGwL 1fg clej[lå ug{ ljBfnosf] kf7\oqmddf 6«flkms 1fgsf]laifo clgjfo{ ¿kdf ;dfj]z ug'{k5{ . ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf ;jf/L 1fgsf]clej[l4 x'g] vfnsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng u/L ;dfhnfO{ ;ts{ tyf ;fjwfgx'gsf] lglDt ;r]t u/fpg'k5{ .

pk;+xf/

g]kfndf sfg'gsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|lqmof hgrfxgfcg';f/ r':t x'g ;s]sf]5}g . oftfoftsf If]qdf klg ToxL cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 . gLltlgod /sfg'gsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ eg]/ efiffut ¿kdf dfq pNn]v ug]{ dfgl;stfn]b'3{6gfhGo k|sf]knfO{ ;d]t k|>o lbPsf] 5 eGbf cltzof]lQm x'g] 5}g .To;}n] ;8s oftfoftaf6 x'g] b'3{6gf lgoGq0fsf nflu gLltlgoddf /x]sfsdhf]/LnfO{ ;'wf/ ub}{ gful/s ;'/Iffsf ljifodf ;+j]bgzLn eP/ nfUg'h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .

g]kfndf cf}Bf]lus ;'/Iffsf nflu klg vf;} sfd x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . clxn];Dd7"nf] b'3{6gf geP klg cf}Bf]lus ljsf;sf] qmd;Fu} hf]lvd klg a9\g] x'Fbfo;tkm{ ;dod} rgfvf] x'g' cfjZos 5 .

oftfoft / cf}Bf]lus b'3{6gfnfO{ k|sf]ksf ¿kdf kl/eflift ug]{ sfo{ ;/sf/af6eO;s]sf] 5}g . k|sf]k Joj:yfkgsf If]qdf sfd ug]{ s]xL /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o


u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfn] b'3{6gfnfO{ klg k|sf]ksf ¿kdf lnP/ Joj:yfkg ug'{k5{eGg] wf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf 5g\ .

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14. accident dks 14

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