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PAINTING ERS (ENGINEERING RESEARCH SCHOOL)

1. What is the Swedish standard o s!ra"e #re#aration and how does it dier

ro$ %S &''

SIS 05 5900 is the Swedish standard of surface preparation. It is a pictorial

representation.

'. State the Swedish *rade o +,ast ",eanin* and "o$#are the$ to %S &''.

SIS 05 5900 BS 4232

Sa 3 White Metal. First ualit!

Sa 2 " ## $ear White Metal %&er! thorou'h

(lastin')

Second ualit!

Sa 2 *horou'h (lastin' *hird ualit!

Sa + ,i'ht Blastin' $-

. Identi- three a+rasies !sed in +,ast ",eanin* and state their !se/ adanta*es

and disadanta*es.

/hilled iron 'rit crushed sla' cera1ic 'rits./hilled iron 'rit cellent all purpose a(rasie due to its relatiel! hi'h densit!

which 'ies hi'h particle ener'! 1aintains sharp cuttin' ed'es on the 'rit. /an (ereused causes ro'ue pea6s if directed at a particular place for a 7uiet lon' ti1e.

/rushed sla' Fro1 a 1etallur'ical process it is cheap - ependa(le a(rasie. uieteffectie 'rit for one use onl!. $o recla1ation due to their rapid (rea6 down to

dust. $o reuse. .'. copper sla' alu1iniu1.

/era1ic 'rits pensie 'rit. 8etains their sharp cuttin' ed'es. /an (e used on

hard (ase 1aterials. sed at lower pressure on thin 1etal and on stainless steel

non#ferrous 1aterials as the! are inert and do not stain or discolours.

&. What do s!ra"e #roi,e and a$#,it!de $ean

*he shape of a cross sectional (last finish is 6nown as surface profile. *he si:e ofprofile as 1easured fro1 the pea6s to the trou'hs is 6nown as the a1plitude or

pea6 to trou'h hei'ht.

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0. What is the $ai$!$ a$#,it!de on %GC #aintin* "ontra"t

=5 1icrons. %Ma) 30 1icrons %1in)

2. Can sand +e !sed as an a+rasie in +,ast ",eanin* o#eration

$o.

3. How are the Swedish standards o wire +r!shin* deined

St2 Wire (rushin' (! 1anual 1eans thorou'h scrappin' and wire (rushin'.St3 &er! thorou'h scrappin' and wire (rushin' (! 1achine (rushin'.

4. 5es"ri+e the two +,astin* te"hni6!es that !se water.

Slurr! (lastin' and wet (lastin'.

7. What is a $i"ron and how $an- are there in one tho!

Micron is a 1easure1ent of fil1 thic6ness. >ne thou ? +-+000 of an inch.

25.4 1icrons ? one thou 40 thou ? + 11.

18. How thi"9 are i$#eria, and $etri" a,!es o a #,asti" +a"9in* o teste

I1perial ? 50 1icrons

Metric ? 0.2 1il

11. What disadanta*es is asso"iated with wire +r!shin*

/are 1ust (e ta6en to aoid oer (rushin' a particular area causin' @Burnishin'A a

condition with a polished surface that has an aderse effect on coatin' adhesion.

&er! la(orious and epensie.

1'. What is :ason;s ha$$er Where "o!,d it +e !sed/ what restri"tions are

asso"iated with its !se

$eedle 'un is asonCs ha11er. $eedle 'uns are used for cleanin' difficult surfaces

such as riet heads and welds. *he! leae sharp ed'e craters and ro'ue pea6s and

the! hae a tendenc! to push i1purities into the surface.

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1. E#,ain the ootner #ro"ess and se6!en"e o o#eration.

;hosphatin' footner or duple process this techni7ue inoles a final treat1ent

in a one to two percent phosphoric acid solution held at

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17. Gie ie essentia, re6!ire$ents or a+rasie +,astin* at site.

+. 8e1oes surface conta1ination.2. It 'ies a surface profile.

3. cono1ical and efficient wa!.

4. Better results than other cleanin'.5. 8elatiel! safe.

'8. 5es"ri+e the a"tion and #!r#ose o dead $an;s hand,e.

Eead1anCs handle is used for direct operator control to stop of the flow of a(rasie

when the operator lets 'o of the no::le.

'1. Where sho!,d air #ress!re or +,astin* +e deter$ined and how is it done

*he pressure at the no::le 1a! (e 1easured usin' the h!poder1ic needle 'au'e.

*his is placed throu'h the hose near to the no::le with the hole in the needle facin'

the no::le at 45.

''. Identi- two +,astin* no==,es +- sha#e. State adanta*e o ea"h.

Strai'ht (ore no::le concentrates 1ost of the a(rasie in the central area of the

(last pattern frin'e area of lower (lastin' si:e. For s1all or repair areas and softer1etals.&enturi shaped no::le produces a lar'e (last pattern with the whole area receiin'

relatiel! e7ual a1ount of a(rasie. ies an een (last pattern area oer a

relatiel! lar'e area.

'. 5es"ri+e a test or dete"tin* $i,, s"a,e on a +,ast ",ean s!ra"e.

n acidic solution of copper solution when applied to a (last clean surface will

react (! turnin' to (ri'ht colour on clean sheet (ut will turn to (lac6 colour if 1ill

scale is present.

'&. Whi"h %GC "ode o #ra"ti"e re,ates to +,ast ",eanin* at site

BS =0=9.

'0. What is a #o,-$er and where do the- o""!r

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;ol!1er produced (! the 'rowth of suita(le sta(le 1olecules called 1ono1ers.

Mono1ers the! occur in s!nthetic resin pol!urethane.

'2. What is #o,-$eri=ation and how it is +ro!*ht a+o!t

;ol!1ers produced (! the 'rowth of suita(le sta(le 1olecules called 1ono1ers.

*he process (! these 1ono1ers are Goined to'ether is called cross#lin6in' and theresult as in the hardenin' of dr!in' oil t!pe of paint.

'3. What are "onerti+,e and non>"onerti+,e "oatin*s

/onerti(le coatin's are those that under'o a che1ical chan'e durin' the dr!in'

process that cannot (e reersed e.'. al6!d epo!.$on#conerti(le coatin's are those which after the! hae dried 1a! (e restored to

the ori'inal li7uid for1 (! the application of solent. .'. $itro cellulose andchlorinated ru((er ther1oplastic resins.

'4. What are the +asi" "o$#onents o #aint

;aint consists of (inders or resins in which pi'1ent or colourin' 1atter issuspended. suall! the (inder is diluted (! the addition of a solent.

'7. What are the "hara"teristi"s o ?.I.O and its adanta*es

M.I.> Micaceous iron oide It decreases the per1ea(ilit! of the fil1. ;rotects the

su(strate fro1 the eniron1ent. Interferes with the corrosion reactions %inhi(itors).

8. What is the !n"tion o +inder and #i*$ent "ontent

Binder consists of oil or resins or (lend of oils and resins. ItCs essential is the fil1for1ation the a(ilit! to chan'e fro1 li7uid fil1 which flows to a 1ore or less hard

plastic fil1.

;i'1ent is used for colour or to 1odif! the ph!sical properties of (inder resins. *oproide rust inhi(itin' properties. *o protect the fil1 fro1 the effects of ultraiolet

li'ht and weather. *o add (od!.

1. Na$e ei*ht +inders.

+. $atural dr!in' oils ,inseed oil tun' oil

2. >leo resinous oils l6!ds resins3. /onerti(le (inder &in!l nitro cellulose chlorinated ru((er.

4. $on#conerti(le (inder po! urethane pol!ester.

'. What is the !n"tion o so,ent and its $ain #ro#erties;a'e 5 of

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Solents are olatile or'anic li7uids used in paints to reduce the iscosit! or

consistenc! of the 1aterial and to facilitate the application of a unifor1 coatin'.

. Na$e ie so,ents and their asso"iate +inders.

+. Water Water (ased paints e1ulsions2. M.I.B.H &in!l

3. M..H poies.

4. cetone po!5. *urpentine - white spirit l6!ds

. *oluene - !lene /hlorinated ru((er.

&. E#,ain T.L.@/ ?.A.C/ P.P.?

*.,.& *hreshold li1it alue

M../ Mai1u1 allowa(le concentration;.;.M ;arts per 1illion

0. How is toi"it- o a so,ent $eas!red

*ri *ector can 1easure toicit!.

2. 5eine the three t-#es o dr-in* $e"hanis$.

aporation *his inoles the eaporation of a solent fro1 the ehicle leain'(ehind a fil1 of solid 1aterial./he1ical reaction ;ol!1eri:ation 1olecular 'rowth (! cross#lin6a'e of the

resins.

>idation *his inoles the conersion of the constituents of the ehicle to thesolid state (! che1ical chan'es inolin' 1ainl! oidation (! reaction with

at1ospheric o!'en.

3. How do "h,orinated r!++er/ e#o- and a,9-d #aint dries

B! che1ical reaction and solent eaporation.

4. What is $eant +- #ot ,ie and how does it dier ro$ the ind!"tion #eriod

;ot life is the ti1e li1it within which the 1ied co1ponents can (e used e.'. fie

1inutes at 20c.

Induction period is the ti1e of 1i to the application ti1e.

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7. What are #,asti"iers and what are the- !sed or/ *ie e.*.;s

;lasticiers are usuall! li7uids and 1ust hae a 1ini1u1 tendenc! to olati:e so

that the! will re1ain in the fil1. .'. ca1phor castor oil chlorinated waes.

&8. What are dr-ers and wh- the- $i*ht +e added to oi, +ased #aints

Er!in' a'ent %Siccatie) is added to an oidatie paint to speed up the dr!in'

process. Siccatie increases the capacit! of the (inder to a(sor( o!'en.

&1. What is the or$!,a or densit-

Eensit! ? Mass - &olu1e. %nits '1s - cu(ic centi1etre)

&'. What is "athodi" dis+ond$ent and !nder what "onditions does it o""!r

If the i1pressed current is 'reater than the corrosion current then the cathodic

dis(ondin' 1a! result. *his effect happens when ecessie /; current issufficientl! stron' to (e'in to 'enerate 'ases at the 1etal surface (! a process of

electrol!sis of 1oisture on the surface. *he 'as 'enerated pushes the coatin' fro1

the surface and causes adhesion failure (eneath the ed'es of the coatin'.

&. E#,ain re,atie h!$idit- and dew #oint.

8elatie hu1idit! is defined as the a1ount of 1oisture %water apour) in airco1pared with the 1ai1u1 possi(le in air. It is epressed as a percenta'e.

Eew point is defined as the te1perature at which condensation occurs.

&&. Na$e ie $ethods o #aint a##,i"ations.

+. Brush application

2. 8oller application3. Eip coatin' %electrostatic techni7ue)

4. lectrostatic spra! application

5. /onentional spra! application. irless spra! application

&0. State the adanta*es o air,ess s#ra- oer "onentiona, s#ra-

+. irless spra! applies 1ost t!pes of paint 1uch faster than an! other 1anuall!

operated 1ethod of paint application.

2. s the paint is not under pressure the pu1p can operate fro1 the1anufacturerCs can.

3. Because no air is used there is no oer spra!.

4. unifor1 thic6 coat is produced reducin' the nu1(er of coats re7uired.5. er! wet coat is applied ensurin' 'ood adhesion and flow out.

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. Most paints can (e spra!ed with er! little thinnin'.

=. $o thinna'es on the spra! pattern 1eans no oerlappin' in each stro6e with

wide for1 pattern. *his 1a6es airless spra! 1uch faster than conentional

spra!.

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5. Mechanical properties Jardness resistance to a(rasion or epansion and

contraction due to te1perature chan'es.

&. What in,!en"es the $e"hani"a, #ro#erties o a #aint i,$

$ature of su(strate and a coatin' with ideal characteristics.

0. What is a +inder and what does it do

Binder consists of oils or resins or a (lend of oils and resins. Its essential function isfil1 for1ation. *he a(ilit! to chan'e fro1 a li7uid fil1 that flows to 1ore or less

hard plastic fil1.

2. What are $odern +inders $ade ro$

Manufactured fro1 s!nthetic or resins.

3. What is "ross>,in9in*/ e#,ain +etter in e#o- "oatin* s#e"ii"ation;

;ol!1er is produced (! the 'rowth of suita(le sta(le 1olecules called 1ono1ers.

*he process (! which these 1ono1ers are Goined to'ether is called cross#lin6in'

and the result is as in the hardenin' of the dr!in' oil t!pe of paint.

4. Na$e the o!r *ro!#s o +inders.

+. $atural dr!in' oils # ,inseed oil tu' oil.

2. >leo resinous oils # l6!d

3. /onerti(le # &in!l nitro cellulose4. $on#conerti(le # poies urethane pol!ester.

7. What are #i*$ents

;i'1ents are s1all particles that are solu(le in the paint solents that 1a! (e usedfor colour or to 1odif! the ph!sical properties of (inder resins.

18. Na$e the two *ro!#s o #i*$ents.

>r'anic pi'1ent # Indian !ellow.

In or'anic pi'1ent # *itaniu1 di oide.

11. Wh- is #i*$ent added to #aint

*o proide colour hide the surface protect the fil1 fro1 & li'ht and weatherdecrease the per1ea(ilit! of fil1 rust#inhi(itin' properties add (od!.

1'. What is ?.I.O. and what are its adanta*es

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M.I.>. Micaceous iron oide decreases the per1ea(ilit! of fil1. ;rotects fro1

& li'ht and fro1 the eniron1ent.

1. What are etenders

tenders are added to paints to add thic6ness e.'. chal6s china cla! and talc.

1&. What are anti s9innin* a*ents and what do the- do

dr!in' a'ent is added to an oidatie paint to speed up the dr!in' process. .'.co1pounds of lead co(alt.

10. Na$e the two *ro!#s o #aints.

+. $on conerti(le coatin's e.'. nitrocellulose ther1o plastic resin2. /onerti(le coatin's e.'. al6!ds epo! resin.

12. Na$e three wa-s a #aint s-ste$ "an dr-. E#,ain ea"h $ethod.

+. aporation of solent fro1 the ehicle leain' (ehind a fil1 of solid 1aterial.2. >idation inoles conersion of the constituents of the ehicle to the solid

state (! che1ical chan'es inolin' 1ainl! oidation (! reaction with

at1ospheric o!'en.3. /he1ical reaction pol!1eri:ation. Molecular 'rowth (! cross#lin6a'e.

13. E#,ain "onerti+,e and non>"onerti+,e "oatin*s.

/onerti(le coatin's under'o a che1ical chan'e durin' the process that cannot (e

reersed.

$on#conerti(le coatin's are those that can (e restored to their ori'inal li7uid for1after the! hae dried.

14. Na$e two hea->d!t- "oatin*s and what are their disadanta*es

/oal tar asphaltic (itu1en. pplied at eleated te1peratures 20c fu1es fire

ha:ardous.

17. What are #,asti" "oatin*s and how are the- a##,ied

se of plastics for corrosion resistant coatin'.+. Eippin' the preheated o(Gect into either a li7uid plastic or a powder of plastic

particles.

2. Spra!in' powder particles on to the heated o(Gect or throu'h fla1e onto the

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o(Gect.

3. B! etrusion.

'8. What is the disadanta*e o #,asti" "oatin*s

;oor (ondin' to the su(strate. Stresses induced (! the heatin' - coolin' c!cle.

'1. What are se, adhesie ta#es

;&/ or pol!eth!lene (ac6in' with a ru((er (ase adhesie wrappin' tapes.

''. What is #o,-eth-,ene "oatin*

Sinterin' a powder directl! to the pipe in 1uch the sa1e wa! as an epo! powder.

Jot etrusion on to an adhesie or 1astic.

'. Wh- is "on"rete "oatin* !sed

It acts as (allast and ensures that the pipeline will hae ne'atie (uo!anc! een

when e1pt!.

'&. What is antio!,in*

*o preent 'rowth of 1arine or'anis1s.

'0. What are #owder "oatin*s

se of ther1o plastic powders.

'2. What are the re6!ire$ents or #ri$in* #aints

*o secure 'ood wettin' of the su(strate and proide adhesion to the su(strate for

the entire s!ste1. *o control corrosion of steels %(! inhi(ition).

'3. What are so,ents

Solents are olatile or'anic li7uids used in paints to reduce iscosit! or

consistenc! of the 1aterial and to facilitate the application of unifor1 coatin'.

'4. What are the i$#ortant eat!res o so,ents

8ate of eaporation if too slow leads to runs or sa's if too fast it leads to dr! spra!

and poor fil1.

Flash point Fire ha:ard.*oicit! Jealth ha:ard.

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'7. What is the ?.A.C o "o$$on so,ents *ie a,!es

M../ Mai1u1 allowa(le content li1itin' alue for the eposure.

K!lene # 200 pp1

*oluene # 200 pp1Ben:ene # +00 pp1

cetone # +000 pp1

M.I..H # +00 pp1/ar(on tetrachloride # +0 pp1.

8. What are the

Positie eat!res Ne*atie eat!res+. cellent eterior dura(ilit! +. ;oor che1ical and solent

8esistance.

l6!d 2. ood flei(ilit! recoata(ilit! 2. Fair water resistance.

3. cellent adhesion to 1oistsurface and easier to appl!.

3. ;oor heat resistance.

+. Fast dr!in'. +. ,i1ited heat resistance.

/hlorinated

ru((er.

2. ood che1ical and water

resistant.

2. ;oor solent resistant.

3. ood eterior dura(ilit!. 3. Blast cleaned surface re7uired

+. cellent che1ical and solentresistant.

+. ;oor 'loss to eterior eposure.

po! 2. cellent adhesion. 2. Eifficult to oercoat.

3. ood hi'h (uild capa(ilities

and 'ood lon' ter1perfor1ance.

3. Mista6es possi(le in 1iin' and

application.

1. Na$e o!r t-#es o so,ents.

+. J!dro car(ons *urpentine (en:ene white spra!

2. lcohol Meth!l th!l isoprop!l3. Hetones Meth!l eth!l#6etone %MH)

4. sters Meth!l acetate a1!l acetate.

'. What are #,asti"iers

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;lasticisers are usuall! li7uid and 1ust hae a 1ini1u1 tendenc! to olati:e so

that the! will re1ain in the fil1 e.'. ca1phor.

. List so,ents and asso"iated #aints.

Water # Water (ased paints

*oluene - K!lene # /hlorinated ru((er cetone # poies

M.I.B.H # &in!l

M..H # poies

&. In #aint $an!a"t!re e#,ain #re $iin*.

Binder solent and dilutants are pu1ped in correct 7uantities throu'h a centrall!

controlled pipe s!ste1 into 1easurin' and 1iin' ats where 1easure 7uantitiesof pi'1ent and possi(le etenders are added.

0. What is dis#ersion

*he raw 1aterials 1ied into a (atch are dispersed (! 1eans of a dissolerconsistin' of a shaft with a rotatin' seriated disc.

2. Paint *rindin* Na$e t-#es o $i,, and e#,ain.

;earl or sand 1ill *he paint is pu1ped into the sand filled 1ill fro1 (elow in a

ertical 1ill or fro1 one end in a hori:ontal 1ill. *he paint is pu1ped underpressure throu'h a nu1(er of rotatin' discs which creates stron' a(rasion effectsand can cause er! fine dispersion in the short ti1e of its trael throu'h the 1ill.

;aint collected at the top of the 1ill at a rate upto +000 litres.

8oller 1ill *his unit consists of adGusta(le steel rollers rotatin' a'ainst each otherso that the paint is su(Gected to pressure and shear forces which decrease the

con'lo1erate si:e. *he paint is re1oed fro1 the final roller in the row (! a

scraper (lade or 6nife.Ball 1ill *his consists of a rotatin' dru1 part filled with steel or porcelain (alls of

a(out 2 3 c1s. Eia. *he 1ill is filled with the paint until the (alls are coered and

the dru1 is set in 1otion the pi'1ent con'lo1erates are 'round down due to the

a(rasion (etween the (alls. *he rotation speed is slow 'enerall! less than onereolution per second and the pi'1ent si:e is controlled (! the period of ti1e the

1ill is operated.

3. E#,ain ina, +at"h $iin*.

fter 'rindin' the paint is pu1ped to final (atchin' where 1ore (inder and orthinner are added while stirrin' in order to o(tain the correct delier! iscosit!.

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*intin' colour adGust1ent and 7ualit! control adGust1ents 1a! (e perfor1ed prior

to loadin' the 1aterials into the delier! containers.

4. 5raw the dierent s9et"hes or ario!s $i,,s.

. BALITD CONTROL TESTING PAINT

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1. What is s#e"ii" *rait-

Specific 'rait! is called relatie densit!. 8atio of densit! of 1aterial and thedensit! of water %co1parison).

S ? Eensit! of

Eensit! of water. It is a ratio. $o units.

'. How is testin* or s#e"ii" *rait- "arried o!t Na$e the e6!i#$ent.

7uip1ent na1e Wei'ht per 'allon cup.

+. Wei'h the cup and lid e1pt!.2. Fill the cup with the paint.3. llow the paint to stand for two 1inutes.

4. cess paint re1oed.

5. /lean eternal surface of the cup.. Wei'h the cup lid L paint.

=. + ? Specific 'rait!.

. What is the t-#i"a, s#e"ii" *rait- o #aint

+ to +.=5

&. What is is"osit-.

&iscosit! is the internal resistance to flow possessed (! a li7uid.

0. How is is"osit- "a,"!,ated

B! Ford Flow /up $o.4+. War1 the cup.

2. /oer the hole at the (otto1 of the cup with fin'er and fill the paint.

3. 8e1oe ecess paint.

4. Start the stopwatch while si1ultaneousl! re1oin' the fin'er fro1 the hole.5. >(sere the ti1e ta6en for the flow of paint to start to (rea6 into droplets.

. *i1e ta6en in seconds is the iscosit! alue.

2. What is the "a,"!,ation or o,!$e o so,ids

&olu1e of solids ? E.F.* +00%

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W.F.*

3. What is !sed to ind wet i,$ thi"9ness (W..T) how is it !sed

Wet co1( 'au'e It is pushed fir1l! into the wet paint so that the outer 1ost teeth

1a6es contact with the su(strate. Jeld at ri'ht an'les to the surface. au'e isre1oed and the teeth are ea1ined. W.F.*. lies (etween the last tooth i.e. coated

and the first tooth that is uncoated. Midpoint (etween this is W.F.*.

4. What is !sed to ind dr- i,$ thi"9ness (5..T) how is it !sed

Banana 'au'e 1a'netic pull of 'au'e+. /ali(rate the instru1ent on steel surface profile which 1atches with the profile

of the painted surface (ein' 1easured.2. sin' shi1 of 6nown thic6ness cali(rate the instru1ent in the ran'e epected

1easured thic6ness will lie.

7. What are the thi"9ness o the shi$s !sed and identi- +- its "o,o!r

25 1icrons purple

5+ 1icrons dar6 (lue

+2= 1icrons (rown254 1icrons white

50< 1icrons !ellow

18. How is thi"9ness $eas!red on ?.I.O and wh-

Metallic paintin' (! W.F.*.

B! 6nowin' the W.F.*. and conersion usin' the for1ula

W.F.*. ? +00 E.F.*

&s %

11. E#,ain the "ross "!t test $ethod.

;ressure sensitie tape sharp 6nife and ru((er eraser. $o. of cuts shall (e si oreleen. Surface is clean and dr!. 40#11 lon' space cut + 11 apart if carr!in'

++cuts two 11 apart for si cuts. /ut throu'h the fil1 in stead! 1otion. 8epeat

the process in the opposite plane to 'ie + 11 or 2 11. Inspect the cut to esta(lishthat the surface has (een penetrated. ;lace the tape oer the 'rid and s1ooth it (!

fin'er then ru( with eraser. 8e1oe the tape after 90 seconds. fter 1a6in'

;a'e + of

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seeral cuts ea1ine the cuttin' ed'e and discard if Ga''ed or if tearin' of the paint

fil1.

1'. What are a""e#ta+,e res!,ts o "ross "!t ta#es

5B *he ed'es of the cuts are co1pletel! s1ooth none of the s7uares of the lattice

is detached.4B S1all fla6es of the coatin' are detached at intersections less than fie percent

of the area is affected.

3B S1all fla6es of the coatin' are detached alon' the ed'es and at intersections ofcuts. *he area affected is fie to fifteen percent of the lattice.

2B *he coatin' has fla6ed alon' the ed'es and on parts of the s7uares. *he area

affected is fifteen to thirt! fie percent of the lattice.+B *he coatin' has fla6ed alon' the ed'es of the cuts in lar'e ri((ons and whole

s7uares hae detached. rea affected is thirt! fie to sit! percent of the lattice.0B Fla6in' and detach1ent worse than 'rade +B.

1. E#,ain the F "!t test.

;ressure sensitie tape sharp 6nife ru((er eraser are the 1aterials re7uired to carr!out the test. Surface should (e clean and dr!. Ma6e two cuts in the coatin' each

approi1atel! 40 11 that intersects near the 1iddle with an an'le of 30.

Inspect the cut to esta(lish that the surface has (een penetrated. sin' a piece oftape =5#11 place the centre of the tape at the intersection of the cuts s1ooth the

tape (! fin'er and then ru( fir1l! with eraser. Brush the area li'htl! with soft

(rush re1oe the tape after approi1ate 90 seconds (! ta6in' one end and rapidl!.a1ine the cuttin' ed'e of tool for si'ns wear and replace when needed. Inspectthe cut area and rate the adhesion.

1&. What are the a""e#ta+,e res!,ts o F > "!t tests

5 $o peelin' or re1oal.

4 *race peelin' or re1oal alon' incisions.3 a''ed re1oed alon' 1ost of incisions upto +. 11 on either side.

2 a''ed re1oed alon' 1ost of incisions upto 3.2 11 on either side.

+ 8e1oal fro1 1ost of the area of K under the tape.

0 8e1oal (e!ond the area of K.

10. E#,ain #!,, o test.

doll! 1ade of alu1iniu1 allo! is stuc6 on to the coatin' s!ste1 under ealuation

usin' araldite adhesie. fter the adhesie has cured the doll! is re1oed (! direct

pull#of usin' a special tool and the force re7uired is 1easured.

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5. 8ecords wet and dr! (ul( te1perature.

. /alculate relatie hu1idit! dew point usin' chart.

'1. How is s!ra"e #roi,e $eas!red

Model +23 # surface profile 'au'e is a 7uic6 direct readin' and eas! to use

instru1ent. *he 'au'e is first set to :ero (! leelin' the foot and the pointer on aflat surface. When the foot is su(se7uentl! pressed a'ainst a (lasted profile the

foot will rest upon the pea6s and the pointer will penetrate the alle!s. *he dial will

show readin'. *a6e ten such readin's and ta6e the aera'e of it.

''. What is %S 3837

;reparation of steel su(strates (efore application of paints and related products.

'. What is the $ai$!$ ti$e +etween +,astin* and #aintin*

Four hours.

'&. What s#e"ii"ation is !sed to deine this ti$e

BS 5493.

'0. Na$e the o!r internationa, standards or +,ast ",eanin*.

+. SS;/ # Steel Structures ;aintin' /ouncil.2. $/ # $ational ssociation >f /orrosion n'ineers3. SIS # 05#5900 # Swedish standard # pictorial surface preparation standard for

paintin' steel structures.

4. BS =0=9 # British Standard Specification.

'2. List +,ast ",eaned s!ra"e i.e. *ie "o$#arison o +,astin* *rades to the a+oe

standards.

Co$#arison o +,astin* *rades.

SSPC %S #3837/SIS > 80>0788 %S &''de#re"iated NACE

White 1etal %S;5) Sa 3 First 7ualit! rade +

$ear white 1etal%S;+0)

Sa 2.5 Second 7ualit! rade 2

/o11ercial finish%S;)

Sa 2 *hird 7ualit! rade 3

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. E#,ain "are o +,asted s!ra"e.

Surface prepared for coatin' should not (e allowed to deteriorate or theconta1inated in an!wa! (etween 'rit (lastin' and spra!in'. Blasted surfaces

should neer (e handled or touched unless hands are protected with clean 'loes.

&. SRACE PREPARATION

1. What is !sed to dete"t #inho,es in #aint

E/ &olta'e # wet spon'e %low olta'e) test (! holida! detector.

'. What is ta"9in*

/oatin' has partiall! set onl!N surface is not wet (ut has a stic6! feel li6e tape due

to ecessie thinner insufficient dr!in' ti1e low te1perature.

. What #ro+,e$s res!,t ro$ #oor $iin* o #aint

;oor opacit! slow dr!in' poor 'loss.

&. What t-#e o stirrer is !sed when $iin* +- hand

;roperl! 1ade stirrer should (e used which is lon' enou'h to reach the (otto1 ofthe container and with a (road chisel li6e ed'e and a co1forta(le handle.

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0. What #er"enta*e o thinner is nor$a,,- re6!ired

*en percent.

2. What is the res!,t o oer thinnin*

*hin coatin' will result in poor dura(ilit! and a lower resistance to corrosion.

3. What is ind!"tion #eriod

In 1ulti pac6 paints it is the ti1e of the 1i to the application ti1e.

4. What is #ot ,ie

*he pot life is the ti1e li1it within which the 1ied co1ponent can (e used. .'.

fie 1inutes at 20c.

7. What "ondition shows when #aint is stored or ,on* #eriods or in #oor areas

>n a'in' paint 1a! tend to thic6en or 'o out of condition. ;aint tends to settle

durin' stora'e and after prolon'ed period.

18. What is dr-in* ti$e

Er!in' ti1e is the period when

+. Solent is eaporatin' fro1 the fil1

2. /urin' (! oidation or when che1ical reaction is ta6in' place.

11. What is dr-in* ti$e ae"ted +-

a. *e1perature

(. ;aint fil1 thic6ness.

c. &entilation %concentration of solents i11ediatel! a(oe the surface)

1'. What do $an!a"t!rers data sheets 6!ote or dr-in* ti$e

To!"h dr- When the fil1 is no lon'er tac6!.

Hard dr-When the fil1 is sufficientl! hard to per1it 1easure1ent of E.F.*.

!,, "!reWhen 1ai1u1 che1ical resistance has (een (uilt up within the

coatin'.

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1. What data wo!,d -o! re6!ire ro$ $an!a"t!rer #rior to #aint a##,i"ation

;aint 1anufacturers should 7uote the te1perature at which the dr!in' ti1es areapplica(le e.'. 20c.

1&. What i$#roe$ent to a #aint s!ra"e wo!,d +,ast ",eanin* hae oer other

$ethods

Better surface preparation i1proes the perfor1ance of an! coatin'.

10. What is the !nda$enta, #rin"i#,e o +,ast ",eanin*

It is the re1oal of rust 1illscale or other surface conta1inant (! proGectin' a

hi'hl! concentrated strea1 of relatiel! s1all a(rasie particles at hi'h elocit!a'ainst the surface to (e cleaned.

12. What t-#e o a+rasies "an +e !sed

/hilled iron 'rit crushed sla'Os cera1ic 'rits.

13. The de*ree o s!ra"e ro!*hness is re,ated to what

*he de'ree of surface rou'hness and the rate of cleanin' depend pri1aril! on the

characteristics of the a(rasie 'rit used.

14. What a+rasies are "o$$on,- !sed

/rushed wall nut shells 'lass and crushed sla's arious 1etallic shots and 'rits.

17. Wh- is sand and ,int not to +e !sed or +,ast ",eanin*

Eue to health ha:ard # for1ation of silicosis.

'8. Na$e t-#es o s!ra"e ",eanin* other than +,astin*.

+. Water (lastin'2. Manual cleanin'

3. Fla1e cleanin'

4. $eedle 'unnin'5. Weatherin'

. cid pic6lin'

=. Ee'reasin'.

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0. ?ETHO5S O PAINT APPLICATION

1. What #oints hae to +e "onsidered when +r!sh #aintin*

;aint application has a si'nificant effect on the life of a paint s!ste1. B! e1plo!in'

s6illed painters appl!in' paints under properl! controlled conditions and onl!

suita(le a1(ient conditions outside.

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'. What $ethod o #aint a##,i"ation is #eror$ed or #ri$er and wh-

Brush paintin' is said to hae achieed superior wettin' and is the onl! accepta(le

wa! to appl! so1e anti corrosie pri1ers. Brush 1ar6s leads to areas of low fil1(uild. 8u((in' action of a (rush can (e an additional aid to 'et 'ood adhesion.

. What are the adanta*es and dis>adanta*es o ro,,er a##,i"ation

E&$*S EISE&$*S

+. Mo(ilit! and low e7uip1ent cost. +. $ot suited for irre'ular surfaces.

2. /leaner than spra! 'un. 2. *hin uneen coats with 1isses - pinholes.

3. Faster than (rush. 3. ;oor penetration not suited for all t!pesof paints.

&. When is di# "oatin* !sed

>(Gects coated (! dippin' are usuall! part of a cone!or (elt s!ste1 in whichstowin' is also inoled in order to preent 1ore drips.

0. Na$e $ethods o #owder "oatin*.

+. Fluid (ed electrostatic techni7ue.

2. lectrostatic spra!.

2. E#,ain e,e"trostati" s#ra- with adanta*es and disadanta*es.

E&$*S EISE&$*S

+. $o oer spra!. +. $ot suita(le for water thinned paints or

heail! pi'1ented 1etallic coatin'.

2. &er! clean to use. 2. 7uip1ent is costl! and not easil!

1aneuered.

3. reat sain' in paint

3. What t-#es o s#ra- #!$#s are !sed

+. ir 1otors2. lectricall! drien h!draulic pu1p.

4. E#,ain "onentiona, s#ra-in* with adanta*es and disadanta*es.;a'e 25 of

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2. s the paint is not under pressure the pu1p can operate fro1 the

1anufacturerOs can.

3. $o air is used. $o oer spra!.

4. unifor1 thic6 coat is produced reducin' the nu1(er of coats.5. er! wet coat is applied ensurin' 'ood adhesion and flow out.

. Most paints can (e spra!ed with er! little thinnin'.

=. Faster than conentional spra!.

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2. INSPECTION/ STAN5AR5S AN5 SPECIICATION.

1. What $aor a"tor deter$ines the s!""ess o a "oatin*

a. niron1ent in which it is placed.

(. *e1perature the coatin' has to endure.

c. Eirect i1pact 1echanical da1a'e wear or erosion.

d. /he1icals.e. Serice conditions.

'. Wh- are eniron$enta, tests "arried o!t d!rin* a #roe"t

a. tre1es of weather can (e detri1ental to the coatin' process.(. Moisture on the surface preents fil1 for1ation or reduces the 7ualit! of

coatin' adhesion.

c. Ji'h te1perature 1a! cause rapid eaporation of solents or create a la!er of

coatin' at the su(strate interface which has not (een a(le to flow.

d. ,ow te1perature 1a! reduce solent eaporation rate or interfere with the curec!cle of the coatin'.

. E#,ain how eniron$enta, testin* is "arried o!t

a. Measure the a1(ient te1perature %air) and su(strate te1perature.

(. 8elatie hu1idit! and dew point (! the use of whirlin' h!'ro1eter.c. Surface te1perature # 1a'netic dial t!pe.

&. When sha,, "oatin* +e not a##,ied

a. Eurin' rain snow or hi'h wind.

(. When the air or 1etal te1perature is down to within 3c of the dew point

te1perature.

c. When the air or 1etal te1perature is (elow 5c. %accordin' to the paint

1anufacture).

d. When the relatie hu1idit! 8J is a(oe 90.

e. Su(strate is wet.

0. E#,ain how wet i,$ thi"9ness *a!*es are !sed

*he wet fil1 'au'e should (e placed in the coatin' fil1 at a an'le 90to the

Surface. *eeth are ea1ined after i11ersion in the wet coatin's on their surface

Measures less than the W.F.*. while those with no coatin' 1easures 1ore than

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W.F.*. Mid of the alues shall (e ta6en.

2. What is %S 3837

;reparation of steel su(strates (efore application of paints and related products.

3. What is r!st *rade 5

Jeail! corroded and pitted steel.

4. What is the written e6!ia,ent o Sa ' 1'

Second 7ualit! to BS 4232.

7. How is s!ra"e te$#erat!re $eas!red

B! 1a'netic surface te1perature 'au'e.

18. How a""!rate are $a*neti" 5..T. *a!*es

L - # +0.

11. What are the adanta*es o e,e"troni" 5..T. *a!*e

lectronic 'au'es can (e er! 'ood when the! are properl! cali(rated. ccurac! iser! precise. /apa(le of storin' 1an! 1easure1ents 1a6in' statistical anal!sisand printin' the results on a co1puter pointer.

1'. What o,ta*e is !sed or a wet s#on*e ho,ida- dete"tor

>peratin' at olta'es (elow +00 olts. %nor1all! at =.5 olts)

1. What standard des"ri+es the !se o ho,ida- dete"tor

$/ standard 8; # 0+ #

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h. 7uip1ents are chec6ed for their perfor1ance.

i. nauthori:ed entr! restricted.

8. What "he"9s wo!,d an ins#e"tor "arr- o!t #rior to #aintin*

a. /hec6 the 1as6in' of sensitie areas of site electronic co1ponents plates etc.

(. nsure eistin' coaters are protected fro1 oer spra!.c. /hec6 conta1inant screens.

d. nsure that the ha:ard warnin' si'ns are in place.

e. /hec6 the e7uip1ent.f. /hec6 the eniron1ent conditions.

1. What s!ra"e #re#aration "he"9s do -o! "onsider to +e $ost i$#ortant

a. &isuall! ea1ine the su(strate prior to (last cleanin' or power tool cleanin' toensure there is no inherent defects or detri1ental conta1ination such as 1ud

oil or construction de(ris.(. /hec6 (last#cleanin' air to ensure it is free of oil and water.

c. /hec6 that the oil and water traps are functionin' and e1pt! of water.

d. >(sere the surface preparation loo6in' for unusual surfaceconditions-colouration.

e. &isuall! chec6 the a(rasie (ein' used.

f. Measure anchor profile atleast once for each hour of (last cleanin'.'. Surface cleanliness # does it 1eet the standard.

h. Surface profile pattern.

i. n(lasted areas.G. Ma6e scotch tape test to ensure dust has (een re1oed.

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3. HEALTH AN5 SAETD.

1. What do"!$ents state hea,th and saet- at wor9

Jealth and safet! wor6 act +9=4 %JSW).

'. What -ear was the hea,th and saet- a"t #assed

+9=4.

. What is an ins#e"torJs irst d!t- to a""ess

ccess the ris6.

&. How ,on* wo!,d re"ords o #ersona, e#osed +e 9e#t

*hirt! !ears.

0. What is E.P.A

niron1ental protection act.

2. What is @.O.C

&olatile or'anic co1pounds.

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3. What is the @.O.C. re*!,ation on the $ai$!$ ,ee, o #o!nds #er *a,,on

4.5 pounds per 'allon.

4. How wo!,d str!"t!res "oated +- ,ead +ased #aints +e +,ast ",eaned

Blast cleanin' in an enclosed eniron1ent.

7. Na$e so$e hea- $eta,s !sed in "oatin* and #aintin*.

8ed lead :inc chro1ate chro1e lead.

18. Is #ersona, #rote"tion e6!i#$ent i$#ortant (PPE)

Pes. It is a 1ust for safe wor6in'.

11. What t-#es o i,ters are !sed or +reathin* a##arat!s

/harcoal filters.

1'. How wo!,d -o! re$oe or red!"e ris9

a. /easin' to use the process which uses the ha:ardous 1aterial or (!

su(stitutin' an alternate 1aterial.(. ;roide sufficient entilation in the area to reduce the ha:ard to non#ha:ard.c. nclose the area co1pletel!.

d. 8estrict access to the area.

e. ;roide protectie clothin' (reathin' e7uip1ent ppe.

1. What t-#e o #rote"tie ",othin* is re6!ired

,on' sleee coer#all full leather protectie suitin' for the (last#cleanin' operator.

1&. What is toi"it-

8is6 of eplosion in an enclosed eniron1ent.

10. What is L.E.L

,ower eposure leel.

12. What is P.P.?

;arts per 1illion.

13. What is !sed or *as testin* > ,ist e6!i#$ent.;a'e 34 of

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a. plosie 1eter.

(. Era''er 1eter.

c. *ria tector.

d. >!'en 1eter.

14. When $!st a #aint "ontra"tor re*ister with the E.P.A

When appl!in' 1ore than twent! tons of paint or fie tons of solent.

17. Paintin* "ontra"tors are $onitored to ens!re what

J!drocar(ons solent e1ission rates are less than 50 1' of car(on per cu(ic 1etre

coatin's 250 1' per litre of solent.

'8. What is a wor9 #er$it and wh- it is re6!ired

Wor6 docu1entation s!ste1 that 1ust (e followed (efore wor6 is perfor1ed in a

ha:ardous eniron1ent. 8e7uire1ents for entr! to confined spaces. 8estriction onaccess e7uip1ent and wor6in' 1ethod.

4. CATHO5IC PROTECTION.

1. What is "orrosion

/orrosion is an electroche1ical process. /orrosion is the deca! or deterioration of

the surface due to interaction with the eniron1ent.

'. What a"tors "an #reent "orrosion

a. Material selection.(. ;rotectie coatin'.

c. /athodic protection.

. Na$e seen t-#es o "orrosion.

a. Surface corrosion.

(. ;ittin' corrosion.c. Stress corrosion crac6in'.

d. Frettin' corrosion.

e. /reice corrosion.

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18. E#,ain stra- "!rrent ee"ts.

>ther 1etal structures near to the 'round (ed 1a! cause /; current to flow in an

unpredicta(le fashion. Interferin' structures to (e connected to electric resistor.

11. E#,ain "athodi" dis+ondin*.

If the i1pressed current is 'reater than the corrosion current the! are stron' enou'h

to 'enerate 'ases at the 1etal surface (! electrol!sis of 1oisture on the surface.

*he 'as 'enerated pushes the coatin' fro1 the surface and causes adhesion failure(eneath the ed'e of the coatin'.

1'. What inor$ation "an +e *athered !sin* s!re- te"hni6!es

a. Measure1ent of soil resistiit!.(. Measure1ent of corrosion potential.

c. ;earson sure! %for location of holida!s in coatin')d. Interference sure!.

1. What is $i,, s"a,e Is it $ore no+,e than stee,

Mill scale is a thin (lac6 fla6! la!er of oidi:ed iron for1ed on the steel durin' its

1anufacture. Mill scale is 1ore no(le than steel.

1&. What is "a,orisin*

/alorisin' is a 1ethod of i1pre'natin' alu1iniu1 powder on to and into a 1etal

surface at hi'h te1perature %=00 to

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It is an allo! of =0 nic6el 25 copper and iron 1a'nesiu1 and silicon.

14. Where is "!#ro>ni"9e, !sed

Where erosion and corrosion 1i'ht occur.

17. E#,ain an i$#ressed "!rrent CP s-ste$.

&olta'e fro1 an eternal power source called transfor1er rectifier is i1pressed onthe circuit (etween the pipeline and (uried earth connections 6nown as 'round (ed

resultin' in a direct current (ein' dischar'ed. In dischar'in' current to earth the

'round (ed 1aterial is su(Gected to corrosion. *he i1pressed current s!ste1 can (eused in all t!pes of soil resistiities the 'reater the resistiit! the 'reater the

driin' olta'e or nu1(er of anodes to achiee /;.

'8. Wh- "orrosion is #arti"!,ar,- seere in ind!stria, and $arine eniron$ents

a. &ariation in o!'en content on the steel surface %wet - dr!)

(. 8J %a(oe 0 is critical)c. ;resence of i1purities in air %acids al6ali salt etc.)

d. Ji'her no(ilit! 1etals in contact with the steel %e.'. 1ill scale)

e. *e1perature %a1(ient and su(strate te1perature)

PAPER 1. (%>*as) PAINTING GRA5E /'.

1. 5es"ri+e wh- and how "orrosion o""!rs.

/orrosion is an electroche1ical process called electrol!sis which results fro1 an

anodic reaction and atleast one cathodic reaction R 1etal iron reduction.Wheneer a 1aterial which is hain' free Le ions is i11ersed in an electrol!te

hae #e ions or free electrons 1etal is reduced to its oide (! che1ical (ondin'

process. *his is called corrosion of 1etals.

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penda(le a(rasies # lass fla6es copper sla' 'arnet shells ice walnut shells

coconut shells.

penda(le a(rasies # *he! cannot (e reused after (lastin'. *he! fall with hi'hi1pact oer the steel surface and shattered and on fallin' (eco1es powder!. /an

(e used onl! one ti1e.

8eusa(le a(rasie # fter (lastin' the! can (e reused upto twent! ti1es. .'. steeliron shot with 'rit. It can (e reclai1ed cleaned and 1onitored for the si:e (efore

reusin'.

3. Na$e the three +asi" "onstit!ents o a so,ent "arr-in* #aints and the

!n"tions ea"h #eror$s in the #aints.

a. Binder It (inds the particle to'ether holds the1 in suspension and 'ies the

paint its finish flei(ilit! 'ies 'ood adhesion to the surface. It conerts to asolid dr! fil1 and 'ies resistance to water al6alis and a(rasion.

(. ;i'1ent ies colour and opacit! to the paint. ies resistance to acidsal6alis li'ht.

c. Solent For1s the eaporatie part of the dr!in' process. *hins the paint for

eas! application. Washes out the e7uip1ent and (rushes can act as a de'reasin'a'ent if approed.

4. Na$e si #i*$ents and *ie their res#e"tie "o,o!rs.

/alciu1 plu1(ate # /rea1! white

8ed iron oide 8ed lead # 8edDinc chro1ate # Pellow;hthaloc!a1e (lue # Blue

;hthaloc!a1e 'reen # reen

Burnt u1(er # BrownDinc phosphate # White

/oal tar # Brownish (lac6.

7. 5es"ri+e what 6!a,ities a ,a$inar #i*$ent *ies to #aint and na$e o!r

#i*$ents.

It 'ies a hi'h resistant coatin' to the passa'e of water.'. M.I.> 'raphite 'lass fla6es 1ica alu1iniu1 fla6es.

18. 5es"ri+e a) a +arrier #aint s-ste$/ +) a sa"rii"ia, #aint "oatin*.

(arrier paint s!ste1 is a low per1ea(ilit! coatin' s!ste1 nor1all! a four#coat

s!ste1. ;ri1er tie coat M.I.> hi'h (uild and a topcoat.

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;I$* I$S;/*>8OS %;.I.) /ut a O&O cut shaped channels oer the

paint fil1 coated oer an area. ;lace it oer a 1icroscope and 1easure the

thic6ness of the paint and how 1an! coats are there. *o deter1ine the co1pati(ilit!(etween different coats.

13. Gie o!r artii"ia, weatherin* dei"es and des"ri+e what the- si$!,ate.

a. Salt spra! test # It is used to si1ulate 1arine eniron1ent.

(. Water soap test # It is a test for paint fil1 per1ea(ilit!.c. *ropical (o # It is used to si1ulate hi'h hu1id eniron1ent.

d. /old crac6in' test # It is used to chec6 the contraction at er! low te1perature.

e. *e1perature c!clin' # It is used to si1ulate alternate low and hi'h te1peratureof a paint.

14. What is the na$e o the instr!$ent whi"h $eas!res o#a"it- and *ie two

ea$#,es

/r!pto1eter # a) ;fund /r!pto1eter () Jidin' power chart.

17. 5es"ri+e a do,,- test or adhesion.

a. /lean the su(strate coated with the paint. Ee'rease it and rou'hen.

(. ttach doll! (! re'ular araldite.

c. ,eae 24 hours ti1e at 25c.

d. fterwards cut a around doll! to isolate the su(strate.

e. ppl! pull of force and note down the pressure %psi).

f. $ote at what pressure the failure occurs.'. What t!pes of failure occurs %cohesie - adhesie)

'8 How does the o,,owin* wor9

a) /onentional spra! set up() irless spra! s!ste1

c) lectrostatic spra! s!ste1.

a) /onentional spra! setup is used for relatiel! low pressures and thin 1aterials.

lso the cup 'un does not hold (i' 7uantities of paint. So !ou are foreer fillin'

the1 up. lso the 'rait! and suction 'uns can onl! (e used in the upri'ht

position.() irless spra! s!ste1 is a er! fast s!ste1 for appl!in' paint to er! lar'e areas

rou'hl! one s7uare 1etre per1inute lar'e spra! pattern and applies thic6

coatin' in one application.c) lectrostatic spra! s!ste1 re7uires a special spra! 'un which applies char'e to

the paint particles. *he su(strate is positiel! earthed and the paint particles are

'ien a ne'atie char'e at the tip as the! leae the 'un. So the paint particles 'o

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to the earth and wrap the1seles around the nor1all! tu(ular co1ponents and a

een coatin' is o(tained er! little wasta'e of paint.

'1. How is %S &488 !sed in the "onstr!"tion ind!str-

It specifies +00 colours out of the 23= in BS 5252. It is used to identif! the eistin'

colour paint for which 1aintenance paintin' has to (e done. It is useful for the1anufacturerOs to erif! with the standard colours 'ien in BS 4idi:ation. *he dr!in' process (etween certain (inders and o!'en e.'. al6!d

resin.

/he1ical curin'. *he 1iin' of two co1ponents which produces dr!in' in a two#pac6 paint.

>erspra!. ;aint which is not 'oin' to su(strate. ;aint which falls oer an area

which is not re7uired to (e painted.

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'0. 5eine the o,,owin*/ 5ew #oint/ Rh/ Ind!"tion #eriod/ Pot ,ie/ ,ash #oint/

She, Lie/ %at"h No./ ?as9in* o!t A.G.I/ R!st +,oo$in*/ Water +orne

"oatin*/ % Sa ' 1'/ eatherin*/ A St/ PA 7/ P 18.

Eew point *he te1perature at which condensation would for1 on a su(strate.8J *he a1ount of water apour in the air epressed as a percenta'e and calculates

fro1 the wet and dr! (ul( te1peratures.

Induction ;eriod *he len'th of ti1e a paint is re7uired to stand after 1iin' and(efore application to allow the air (ul( to escape and or che1ical reactions to ta6e

place and is specified (! the paint 1anufacturer.

;ot life *he len'th of ti1e %followin' induction) that a paint re1ains in anapplica(le condition accordin' to the 1anufacturerOs instructions.

Flash point *he lowest te1perature at which a 'ien 1aterial will flash if a fla1e

or spar6 is present.Shelf life Mai1u1 interal in which a 1aterial 1a! (e stored in a usa(le

condition.Batch nu1(er ManufacturerOs data nu1(er for production date.

Mas6in' out Must (e carried out on ite1s to (e protected durin' preparation andpaintin' ite1s nor1all! 1as6ed out are control e7uip1ent fire protection

e7uip1ent weld ends sensin' and spra!in' heads na1e plates.

..I (oe 'round installation.8ust (loo1in' It is caused (! 1oisture or hu1idit! on new (lasted steel and

shows up (efore pri1in'.

Water (orne coatin' >ne whose solent is water. It dries (! coalescent.B Sa 2 +-2 8ust 'rade B. Miture of 1ill scale and rust. ;repared (! er!

thorou'h (last cleanin'.

Featherin' S1oothin' (ac6 the coatin' ed'e to allow repair. ;aint to flow into andproduce a s1ooth ed'es i.e. s1oothin' down of rou'h paint ed'es. St3 $ot possi(le.

; 9 B 'as docu1ent properties and perfor1ance re7uire1ents refer to the

orderin' of paints and perfor1ance of paints s!ste1s. n! paint used on B#'aswor6 1ust co1pl! with ; 9.

; +0 It is the technical na1e specification for new and 1aintenance paintin' at

wor6s and site for a(oe 'round pipeline and plant installations and is arran'ed intothree sections. ;ri1ar! infor1ation 'eneral paintin' infor1ation infor1ation for

specific paintin' applications.

'2. Gie as $!"h detai,s as -o! "an or the o,,owin*.

S; + pplies to the paintin' at wor6 or site of new installation and co1ponents

and 1aintenance paint. %/S)S; 2 For indoor use and short ter1 uses.

S; 3 $ew installation and 1aintenance a(oe +00c upto 340c and a(oe.

S; 4 ;aintin' of da1p ferrous surfaces.

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*he len'th of the ti1e the two pac6 has to stand after 1iin' (efore appl!in' for

allowin' the air (u((les to escape and che1ical reaction has to ta6e place and is

stated (! the 1anufacturer.

14. 5eine the ter$ #ot ,ie.

*he len'th of ti1e after induction the two#pac6 paint re1ains in an appl!in'condition accordin' to the 1anufacturerOs instructions.

17. 5eine a +arrier s-ste$ o "oatin*.

*his t!pe of coatin' isolates the su(strate fro1 the eniron1ent (! proidin' a low

per1ea(ilit! coatin' s!ste1.

'8. 5eine the ter$ tie>"oat and *ie an ea$#,e o its !se.

coat used to appl! oer two inco1pati(le coatin's e.'. durin' 1aintenancepaintin'.

'1. What is the dieren"e +etween ther$osettin* and ther$o#,asti"

Heat "!red #,asti"/

*her1osettin' *he! can (e for1ed (! heatin' and curin' heat cured plastic. fter

settin' the! will not soften or de'rease.

*her1oplastic *he! can (e for1ed (! heatin' and curin' heat cured plastic. ftersettin' when the! are re#heated it will (eco1e softer and (eco1e li7uid and a'ain

can (e reused.

''. What is i$#ressed "!rrent. What #ro+,e$ "an arise ro$ its in"orre"t settin*

!#

&olta'e fro1 an eternal power source called a transfor1er rectifier is i1pressedon the circuit (etween the pipeline and (uried earth connections 6nown as 'round

(eds resultin' in a direct current (ein' dischar'ed. In dischar'in' current to earth

the 'round (ed 1aterials are su(Gect to corrosion. *he i1pressed s!ste1 can (eused in all t!pes of soil resistiites. *he 'reater the resistiit! the 'reater the

driin' olta'e or no. of anodes to achiee /; cathodic dis(ond1ent will occur.

'. Na$e two t-#es o #aint $i,, and *ie two ea$#,es o ea"h.;a'e 4< of

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5IRECT CHARGE ?ILL PRE>?IF ?ILL COLLOI5 ?ILL

Ball 1ill Bi' 1ill %Ballotoni) Si1ple roll

ttritor 1ill Sand pearl and Bead 1ill Eried roll 1illJi'h speed disperser 1ill Slurr! 1ill *riple roll.

'&. What is the tit,e o %S 788

Method of test for li7uid paint.

How $an- test sets are in %S 788

i'ht.

How are the tests identiied (na$e/ n!$+er)

*itle and letter fro1 to J.. Method of test for li7uid paint fil1s %ecludes che1icals)

B. ,i7uid and dried fil1s include che1ical ea1ination.

/. *est associated with paint fil1 for1ation

E. >pacit! test on paints.. Mechanical test on paint fil1s

F. Eura(ilit! test on paint fil1.

. niron1ental test on paint fil1.J. Eesi'nation of intensit! 7ualit! and si:e of co11on t!pe of defect. eneral

principle and ratin' sche1e.

'0. What does a ineness o *rind *a!*e $eas!re

rind 'au'e 1easures pi'1ent 'rain si:e how finel! the pi'1ent has (een

%'rained) 'round in the 1illin' process.

'2. What is the ,ash #oint and +- what a##arat!s is it deter$ined

It is the 1ini1u1 te1perature at which the apours of a li7uid (e'in to i'nite when

the eternal source of i'nition is introduced.*he closed cup (el t!pe deter1ines flash point.

'3. What is is"osit- and what e6!i#$ent is !sed to $eas!re the is"osit- o a ree

,owin* #aint and Thiotro#i" #aint

&iscosit! is the internal 1easure of fluid resistance to flow.

a) Free flowin' paint iscosit! is deter1ined (! Ford flow cup no.4.

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() *hiotropic paint iscosit! is deter1ined (! rotatin' isco1eter-rota thinner

6re(s stor1er isco1eter. Set the r.p.1 throu'h the window at 200 r.p.1. to

1a6e it a free flowin' paint. ;aint is put in the isco1eter and paint is thinned

si1ilar to the ford flow cup no.4 test note the ti1e ta6en for the paint to (e(ro6en to droplets. *i1e ta6en in seconds will 'ie the isocit!.

'4. What is densit- "!# and *ie an ea$#,e o its !se

S1all (lac6 cup of +00 cc which is 1ade of aircraft allo! is 6nown as densit! cup.

*he lid in it has a hole in the top. ;our the paint inside the densit! cup. /lose itwith the lid. Wipe of the etra paint co1in' out of the hole fro1 the cup. Wei'h it

(! usin' the for1ula Eensit! ? Wei'ht - olu1e. Find out the densit! of the li7uid.

Eensit! cup is used fora) *o chec6 the a1ount of solent added to the paint.

() Whether the two#pac6 paint has (een 1ied to the correct ratio.

'7. Ca,"!,ate the o,!$e o so,ids o the #aint i the W..T was 142 $i"rons and

the 5..T > 7 $i"rons.

&S ? E.F.* +00 ? 50 W.F.*.

8. Ca,"!,ate the W..T. o a #aint i the @s K*e was 22 and 5..T was 44

$i"rons.

W.F.* ? E.F.* +00 ? +33.3 1icrons

&s

1. Ca,"!,ate the 5..T. o #aint i @s K was && and W..T was '& $i"rons.

E.F.* ? W.F.* &s ? +02.9 1icrons +00

'. Ca,"!,ate the densit- o #aint i a 0>,itre tin wei*hed 10 9*.

Eensit! ? wei'ht ? 3 '1s - cu.c1

&olu1e

. Ca,"!,ate the densit- o two #a"9 $ateria, i #art A #aint was 1.0 *"!."$ and

#art % "ata,-st was 8.0 * "!."$ (ass!$e ratio 11)

+.5 L 0.5 ? + ' - cu.c1

2

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&. Na$e an ea$#,e o a nondestr!"tie 5..T. *a!*e and destr!"tie 5..T.

*a!*e.

$E* # E.F.*. 'au'e # lectronic 'au'e (anana 'au'e.E* # E.F.*. 'au'e # ;aint inspectors 'au'e.

0. Na$e o!r artii"ia, weatherin* dei"es and sa- what the- are desi*ned to

si$!,ate.

Salt spra! test # Marine eniron1ent*ropical (o test # Ji'h hu1idit! eniron1ent

Water soc6 test # *est for per1ea(ilit! of paint s!ste1

/old crac6 test # *est for low te1perature/rac6in' # *e1perature c!clin' test for flei(ilit! of paint fil1

ar!in' te1perature alteration%hi'h te1p Rlow te1p)

2. Na$e two dr-in* "!rin* tests and state how the- are o#erated.

Er!in' - curin' test Ballotini test# hardened steel (alls put oer the wet paint fil1

panel.St!lus test It consists of a series of trailin' needles. *o find out tac6 dr! hard dr!

and full! cured.

/old leaf test It is 1oed oer the wet fil1 since the! are used in differenttensions.

3. What does a Cr-#to$eter $eas!re and *ie two ea$#,es o a Cr-#to$eter.

It is used to 1easure the opacit!. Jidin' power charts and ;#fund /r!pto1eter.

4. What deter$ines the de*ree o *,oss/ a #aint $a- #ossess.

a) *he ratio (etween (inder and pi'1ent. *he fineness of the pi'1ent 'rind.

() Fineness of pi'1ent 'rind.

c) S6ill of spra! painter.d) Method of application.

e) (sor(in' of the su(strate for the paint.

7. Na$e three adhesion tests and des"ri+e how one o the$ is "arried o!t.

a) /ross cut test

() /ross hatch testc) Eoll! test.

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++. I1proper 1iin' of paint.

&. Na$e three $ethods o a##,-in* #aint and "o$#are the adanta*es and

disadanta*es o ea"h in>ter$s o 6!a,it- and "ost ee"tieness.

Brush /heap eas! 1ethod (est for appl!in' pri1ers. Eisadanta'es # slow coers

s1all areas and 1ess! to handle.8oller /heap and eas! to appl!. Eisadanta'es # uneen coatin' oran'e peel

effect.

/onentional %air) pensie %four to fie ti1es costlier than others) coers lar'eareas. Eisadanta'es # oerspra!.

&&. What does %S '810/ *,ossar- o #aint ter$s reer to and *ie three ea$#,es

+. Bleedin' ;enetratin' and discolourin' of paint coated oer it.2. Blisterin' Eo1e shaped (listers for1ed due to contraction # dr! (listers.

3. >s1otic (listers It is for1ed due to entrapped li7uid 'as and salts.4. /hal6in' ;i'1ent (eco1es chal6! or powder! when it co1es under chlorides

sulphides.

5. Flocculation Separatin' out of certain ele1ents.. rinnin' Seein' the underneath surface throu'h the finish coat.

=. Jolida!s ;oorl! or 1issed coatin'.

*as deine the o,,owin*.

,on' ter1 protection pto +0 !ears.

Short ter1 protection pto 2#3 !ears.

Mediu1 ter1 protection pto 5 !ears.

$ew 'alani:in' su(strate coated with :inc 'alani:ed surface where thiscohesie oide la!er has not for1ed 'loss! and shinnin' appearance#less than three

1onths old.

Weathered 'alani:in' Wire (rushed with stiff (rushes 1ore than 3 1onths old. 'alani:ed surface where the cohesie oide la!ers has for1ed dull and lac6in'

in sheen.

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&3. What is the #ro"ed!re or re$oin* oi, and *rease ro$ a s!ra"e +eore

#re#aration "o$$en"es

Because of oil R 'rease paint will not spread properl!. White spirit should not (e

used. se onl! approed solent with safet! precaution to (e followed. Forappl!in' solent use disposa(le swa(. Eo not use cotton ra's. fter solent

cleanin' use a deter'ent pressure washin' followed (! clean water rinsin' and

then dr!in' it.

&4. What is the #ro"ed!re or re$oin* oi, and *rease ro$ a s!ra"e/ o!nd ater

#re#aration has ta9en #,a"e

se approed solent and after de'reasin' do pressure washin' with 2 deter'entfollowed (! clean water rinsin' and dr!in' it off. 8e(last and clean it.

&7. What is the #ro"ed!re or re$oin* A,*ae and $o!,d *rowth ro$ #i#e

wor9

ppl! antifun'icidal (i#oidant oer the al'ae and 1ould 'rowth and 'ie

1ini1u1 twent!#four hours ti1e. ,eae it free for this period. fter this ti1e

elapse use stiff wire (rushes to scru( off pressure wash with a deter'ent followed(! clean water rinsin'.

08. nder what "onditions $!st #aint +e stored

In ad dr! loc6a(le well entilated (uildin' awa! fro1 'as areas fla1es heat

spar6s and ra!s of the sun and follow an! special stora'e condition.

01. What is T>wash What is it !sed or What "o,o!r is it How do we "he"9 or

a "orre"t rea"tion when !sin* it

It is an etch pri1er.

When applied first it proides a 6e! for new 'alani:ed steel.

Blue in colour.

*urns (lac6 upon dr!in'. T*#wash should not (e used in alu1iniu1. se ;&BT

0'. What two "oat #aints are a##,ied at wor9s

Ji'h solid solent (ased epo! pri1er to =5 1icrons d.f.t.

po! 1.i.o. Mid coat to =5 1icrons d.f.t.

0. What distan"e $!st +e ,et at areas to +e we,ded when #aintin*;a'e 54 of

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2'. So$e $eta,s are dii"!,t to #re#are. Na$e three and des"ri+e how -o! $i*ht

#re#are the$.

+. lu1iniu1 sheetin' etrusions Infactor! # Ee'rease in acid (ath. >nsite # tchand de'rease with e1er! cloth and white spirit. tch pri1er :inc chro1ate %no

lead paints).

2. alani:ed iron %steel dipped in 1olten :inc) Infactor! # Ee'rease in acid oral6ali (ath %t#wash). >nsite # llow to weather for seeral 1onths or de'rease

with :inc chro1ate calciu1 plu1(ate or etch pri1er.

3. /opper (rass and (ron:e Infactor! # Ee'rease in solent (ath. >nsite # see1er! cloth and white spirit %do not weather or dr! a(rade). tch pri1er.

2. Where does a #i#e,ine ,eae the *ro!nd and what #ro+,e$s wo!,d -o! ind

and how $i*ht -o! treat this

S6etch

+. Mechanical da1a'e fro1 (ac6 fillin'.

2. 8apid chan'e in o!'en in soil steel interface due to alternate wettin' or dr!in'conditions.

3. Soil 1a! (e che1icall! reactie.

4. cid attac6.5. Will produce corrosion. # a) appl! etra coatin' () appl! 1as6in'%pol!eth!lene) c) (etter draina'e to aoid standin' water d) top 1ustle well

seeded.

2&. What additiona, inor$ation wo!,d -o! re"ord when $aintenan"e #aintin* a

#i#e,ine witho!t re$oin* the #reio!s "oats

+. It needs to (e esta(lished whether the eistin' s!ste1 contains an! toic

coatin's as this will dictate the 1ethod of preparation used.

2. re the eistin' coatin's co1pati(le to the new s!ste1 inter1s of adhesion

possi(ilit! of solent strippin' possi(ilit! of (leedin'. et the infor1ationfro1 the paint 1anufacturer.

3. Further infor1ation re7uired. $ature and etent of surface conta1ination

etent of (rea6 down etent of corrosion where adhesion pro(le1s solentstripin' or (leedin' 1i'ht occur. tie coat would (e e1plo!ed to preent these

particular pro(le1s arisin' e.'. inserice eniron1ental condition.

20. Na$e ie #aints and state their dr-in* or "!rin* $ethod.;a'e 5 of

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+. 1ulsion # /oalescence # aporates without che1ical action (ut it also 'ets

dries li6e a non#conerti(le (ut acts li6e a conerti(le coatin'.

2. l6!d # Solent eaporation followed (! oidation.

3. /hlorinate ru((er # Solent eaporation onl!. $on#conerti(le coatin'.4. *wo pac6 epo! # Solent eaporation followed (! che1ical reaction.

5. Fusion (onded epo! # Jeat cured # *her1osettin' conerti(le coatin'.

22. Na$e a +,a"9 #i*$ent in "o$$on !se a#art ro$ "oa, tar.

/ar(on (loc6s.

23. What is a ho,ida- dete"tor and a #inho,e dete"tor What does it dete"t/ and

how does it wor9

It is an electrical deice applied to detect holida!s pinhole oids etc./oil sprin' t!pe

+. ;reset the olta'e.2. ;ass this holida! e7uip1ent throu'h it %Go().

3. Where there is a holida! present it produces a spar6 isual warnin' audiosi'nal peep will (e heard.

4. Speed of runnin' the coil is +ft # 2ft-sec.

It need not (e used on a(oe 'round conditions. It can also (e used inside tan6soffshore structure and platfor1s on under'round pipelines +00 holida! test is

re7uired. Brush shape horseshoe t!pe coil sprin' t!pe wet sprin' t!pe are the

arious t!pes of holida! and pinhole detectors.

24. I -o! wor9ed on a "ontra"t where re6!ent sto##a*es o""!rred or #oor

weather/ what additiona, inor$ation wo!,d -o! re"ord

+. *i1e of startin' and stoppin' of wor6.

2. Wasta'e of 1aterials should (e noted down.

3. tra reasons for weather.4. ;ro'ress of the wor6 (efore the wor6 is stopped.

5. 8ecord of da1a'es to partl! dried coatin' on to prepared areas %(lasted).

27. I a #i#e,ine was in dire"t "onta"t with a"o!sti" ",addin* what #aint s-ste$

$i*ht +e a##,ied i we wished to $aintain it eer- three -ears or not at a,,

/laddin' # $o 1aintenance re7uired.coustic claddin' does not hae an! anti corrosion propert!. coustic claddin'

reduces the noise leel (! +0 # 20 dB. *her1al claddin' is carried out to with stand

the te1peratures in (etween #+0c to L+000c.

38. What is i$#ortant a+o!t se,e"tin* a #aint s-ste$ s!ita+,e or a "ertain

eniron$ent

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ach and eer! paint has its own characteristics. Select a paint s!ste1 that should

with stand the eniron1ental conditions and co1pl! with the specification

re7uire1ent. Marine conditions hi'h hu1id condition too low te1peratureconditions.

31. What inor$ation do %>*as re6!ire to +e on a #aint tin and what %>*as

do"!$ent dea,s with the #ro#erties and #eror$an"e o #aints.

*he docu1ent ; 9 properties and perfor1ance of pant.+. Manufacturers na1e.

2. *ransco identification nu1(er.

3. Eescription of the product.4. /olour code %specified (! *ransco)

5. n! special stora'e re7uire1ent.. *he epir! date.

=. pplication 'rade %(rush-spra!)

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Brush application

Brush paintin' is said to achiee superior wettin' and is the onl! accepta(le wa! to

appl! so1e anti corrosie pri1ers. Brush 1ar6s leads to areas of low fil1 (uild.

se of (rush is slow and ti1e consu1in'. 8u((in' action of a (rush can (e andadditional aid to 'ood adhesion. (rush of suita(le si:e for the wor6 in hand

should alwa!s (e selected as a s1all (rush on a lar'e area 1a6es it difficult to

appl! an een coatin' and slows down the rate of wor6in' whilst usin' a lar'e(rush on a narrow area 1a6es accurate wor6in' i1possi(le.

8ollers

ualit! of roller application depends partl! on the coerin' or sleee of the rollerand partl! on how conscientious the applicator is. It is not suited for anti#corrosie

and anti#foulin' paints.

Eip#coatin's;aint 1ust hae a fast dr!in' ti1e. *he paint in the dippin' tan6 1ust (e stirred

continuousl! as the iscosit! of the paint is i1portant. 8apid withdrawal fro1 thedip tan6 can cause too thin a coatin'.

;owder /oatin' # Fluid (ed R lectrostatic *echni7ue. fluid (ed is one in which a 1ass of (ro6en up solid is 6ept in a state of a'itation

(! 1echanical or other 1eans. Fluid (eds for coatin' purposes consist of finel!

powdered pi'1ented resinous solids throu'h which air is (lown to 6eep theparticles in 1otion.

lectrostatic Spra!

;aint is spra!ed fro1 a pressure feed tan6 throu'h a fluid hose to the 'un in theusual wa!. t the sa1e ti1e paint is 'ien a #e electrical char'e. s the

electricall! char'ed paint leaes the 'un it ato1i:es and each particle is attracted to

an! earthen o(Gect in its path i.e. the article (ein' spra!ed./onentional spra!in'*his inoles usin' a co1pressed air to (oth ato1i:e the paint and to cone! it to

the su(strate. In hi'h pressure the paintin' is stored in a pressured container fro1

which lar'e 7uantities can (e deliered 7uic6l!.irless spra!in'

;aint supplied (! a h!draulic pu1p is forced at hi'h pressure throu'h a narrow

orifice in a tun'sten car(ide no::le. *he pressure is such that the paint is ato1i:edand carried to the su(strate (! its own 1o1entu1.

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1. PAINT PAINTING INSPECTION > PAPER 1

%>*as Grade > 1

1. 5es"ri+e the o,,owin* ter$s a) S#,ash =one +) :a"9et ") Caisson

Splash :one 2.5 1t L +2 1t a(oe the ,..*.

ac6et Welded support fra1e of the platfor1 tu(ular./aisson >pen ended pipe that runs fro1 topsides to the sea (otto1. Jas pu1ps

and filters to ta6e waste awa!.

'. Whi"h stat!tor- instr!$ent do"!$ent re,ates to saet- or oshore

SI # +09+. *he offshore safet! re'ulation +9=.

. List the saet- $eas!res re6!ired or oer the side wor9in* in des"endin*

order o #reeren"e i s"ao,din* is not #ra"ti"a+,e.

3 8ail (arrierSafet! net

Safet! (elt line8escue (oat and radio

Full life Gac6et.

&. Who is !,ti$ate,- res#onsi+,e or saet- at oshore

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>.I.M # >ff shore installation 1ana'er.

0. Na$e o!r de"9s on a #,ator$.

Jeli#dec6

Spider#dec6Erillin'#dec6

/ellar#dec6.

2. Na$e three $aor dan*ers/ whi"h eist when wor9in* oshore

Fallin' oer(oard fire eplosion and aderse weather %'ales R stor1s)

3. Na$e three $ethods o 9ee#in* a #,ator$ in a ied #osition.

;ilin' se1i su(1ersi(le 1aterial support Gac6et le's sea tan6.

4. How are es"a#e ro!tes identiied on an oshore #,ator$

B! arrows cut out of reflectin' strips and fied on top of the non#s6id desi'nated

dec6. Eec6 coatin' +00#11 # ;ri1e route 50#11 # Sea route.

7. What #re"a!tions $!st +e o+sered when +oardin* and trae,,in* in

he,i"o#ters

ll as descri(ed in the /... course which !ou 1ust attend (efore traellin'offshore.

18. How oten is $edi"a, treat$ent re6!ired or #ersonne, wor9in* oshore

Fro1 the a'es 30 # 39 eer! 3 !ears.

Fro1 the a'es 40 # 50 eer! 2 !ears.

Fro1 the a'e 50 and a(oe # !earl!.

11. List the essentia, ite$s o ",othin* and e6!i#$ent or an oshore #aintin*

ins#e"tor.

8i''ers (oots safet! hel1et +00 cotton oeralls safet! 'lasses and life (elt #

Gac6et and weather and paint instru1ents.

1'. What is +rea9er "a#s!,e

co1pletel! enclosed safet! and rescue (oat for escape.

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Medical certificate passport life(oat surial trainin' B#'as approal.

. Gie a ,ist o d!ties an N.R.P. $i*ht #eror$.

Inchar'e of desi'nated areas of the platfor1. Issuin' hot and cold per1its.

8eceiin' co1pleted wor6 per1its chec6in' wor6 carried out on per1it. rea

authorit! >.I.M.

&. Wh- are areas en"a#s!,ated and *ie wa-s in whi"h this "o!,d +e done

*o protect instru1ents and fire protection e7uip1entOs durin' (lastin' cleanin' and

paintin' operations. Eurin' 1aintenance wor6 co1pletel! coer the areas in

plastic sheets or 1as6 off for cli1atic or safet! reasons.

0. What #ossi+,e #ro+,e$s wo!,d an ins#e"tor $eet at oshore

a) Ji'h chan'e in the weather conditions.() 8apid chan'e of tidal conditions.

c) Moe1ents of helicopters and (oats.

d) ccess to wor6 durin' dr!in' ti1es.

2. How wo!,d an ins#e"tor "o$$!ni"ate with his +oss +a"9 to +a"9

suall! 1eet for half an hour or so at the shift chan'e if there was a serious

pro(le1 to eplain or leae a hand written report for hi1 in his lo'(oo6.

3. How wo!,d -o! deter$ine that a "ontra"torJs #,ant and e6!i#$ent was sae to

!se

ll plant e7uip1ent used on offshore 1ust hae cali(ration certificates1aintenance record details dated and si'ned (! approed a'ent.

4. Wh- is $as9in* "arried o!t and what areas $i*ht need this

*o protect sensitie e7uip1ent %electrical and instru1ents) in particular fro1

da1a'e durin' 1aintenance operation. lso the pipe wor6 and colour codedsections has to (e 1as6ed off (efore (ein' spra!ed (! different paints to protect

areas that are not painted.

7. Gie reasons wh- the s!+$er*ed =one is not a,wa-s "oated.

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Su(1er'ed :one is difficult to paint (ecause of its position. lso (ecause of water

and lac6 of o!'en present the rate of corrosion is not so serious and also

sacrificial anodes are used.

18. What are the two wa-s in whi"h *a,ani=ed s!ra"es "an +e #re#ared +eore

#aintin*

*he two wa!s are

+) Sweep (last and etch pri1er

2) ;ower tool with 1ordant wash.

11. What is COSHH and what dos it dea, with

/ontrol of su(stances ha:ardous to health re'ulation +9

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'. What sha,, s!ra"es +e ree ro$ +eore #aintin*

Surfaces shall (e free fro1 dust 1oisture oil and 'rease and other conta1inants.

'&. How sha,, hea- or $eta,,i" #i*$ent +e 9e#t in s!s#ension when a##,-in*

#aint

uto1atic stirrer air or power operated in the paint pot durin' application and

constantl! in 1otion can 6eep it in suspension.

'0. What sha,, dr-in*"!rin* #eriods "o$#,- with #aintin*

It shall co1pl! with 1anufacturerOs data sheets.

'2. What is a stri#e "oat

It is a (rush#applied coat to the weld areas to 1a6e sure that the proper E.F.* is

attained. It is an etra coat to welds and ed'es.

'3. 5es"ri+e how test #ane,s are #re#ared and #ainted and what is their #!r#ose.

*est panels are (lasted to Sa 3 standard then accordin' to test re7uired instructions.For rust 'rade after (lastin' it is left in the at1osphere for 2 # 3 1onths. *est panels

are then dipped in seawater. Er! for 2 or 3 1inutes then coat.

'4. What t-#e o "o$#onents "o$es !nder identii"ation $ar9in* o #aints

8eflectie plastic strips.

'7. How do -o! de"ide what *rade o #re#aration needs to +e "arried o!t

Eepends on the desi'n life.

8. When wet +,astin*/ what wi,, -o! to areas ,i9e,- to +e ae"ted +- water and

a+rasie "onta$ination

Securel! 1as6 off.

1. When "an a +r!sh +e !sed to a##,- #aint or oshore str!"t!res

In repair 1aintenance when it is i1practica(le to use airless.

'. I %>*as de"ide to ins#e"t wor9 +ein* "arried o!t what $!st not ha##en;a'e = of

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ll other wor6 1ust (e stopped.

. When are destr!"tie tests !s!a,,- "arried o!t

If there is a pro(le1 in 1aintenance paint or test panels.

&. Who adises o the o,ta*e to +e !sed when ho,ida- dete"tion tests are +ein*

"arried o!t

s per specification # 5 olts per 1icron or as per the en'ineer of the paint

1anufacturer.

0. What is the #ro"ed!re or re"ti-in* "oatin*s/ whi"h hae an inade6!ate

thi"9ness

8u( down with sandpaper and (low the1 down. ppl! 1ist coat to (rin' up there7uired E.F.*.

2. What do"!$ent sho!,d +e !sed as a reeren"e or the #ro"ed!res to re$oe

"onta$ination ro$ a s!ra"e

BS =0=9.

3. What t-#e o ris9 assess$ents are ,oo9ed or when !nderta9in* a ",eanin* and

#aintin* #ro"ed!re

+. Jow safe is the area.

2. Ean'er # Jealth and safet!.

3. />SJJ.4. $eed of cli1ate conditions and li'htin'.

4. Who is res#onsi+,e or the trainin* o #ersonne, to wor9 oshore

*he contractor 1ust arran'e for his people to (e trained.

7. What are the re6!ire$ents or JoersideJ wor9in*

3 (ar rail scaffolds (oard toes safet! net safet! line life (elt (oat with radio

contact.

&8. What thin*s $i*ht -o! note when "arr-in* o!t is!a, ins#e"tion or >

a) ;reparation procedures /orrect procedure condition of su(strate i.e. free fro1conta1inants scaffoldin' re7uire1ent (lastin' e7uip1entOs chec6s for air

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purit! o(seration of ro'ue pea6s i.e. uneen a1plitude hi'h points should (e

a(raded.

() ;aintin' procedures /orrect usa'e of paints as re7uired (! the specification

colours isual chec6 for an! s6innin' or Gellin' of paint whether tin is sealed(efore first use shelf life pot life paint 1iin' ratios and appropriate thinner

7uantit! added to the paint isual o(seration of the paint s!ste1 for an! paint

defects.c) /leanin' up of area of operations 8e1oal of paint de(ris and disposed as per

local rules donOt fire.

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PAPER > . (%>*as/ Paintin* Grade 1) COATINGS

1. Gie as $!"h inor$ation as -o! "an or the o,,owin* s!ra"es #re#aration

and #aint s-ste$s.

a) Internal surfaces of pota(le water tan6s J.S./. should (e coated to Sa 3. Blast1edia 1ust (e re1oed. Industrial acuu1 cleaners are er! 'ood and 7uic6.

ll welds 1ust (e strip coated. ppl! 3#coat s!ste1 %as reco11ended (! data

sheets). It 1ust (e +00 holida! detected (! wet spon'e 1ethod. It shouldhae 300 1icrons d.f.t hi'h (uild epo!.

() Materials operatin' at eleated te1perature It should (e (last cleaned to Sa 3.

It 1ust hae a proen trac6 record li6e inor'anic :inc silicate and 1odifiedsilicone sealers pol! siloene.

c) /oatin' desi'ned for liin' 7uarters and how the! wor6 Intu1escent to 200c.

*he! swell up to 1an! ti1es there own thic6ness and the wire 1esh screen

holds the1 to'ether as the coatin' turns to a car(onaceous char. lso the!should (e rated .0 or J.+20

d) Splash :one coatin's It should (e (lasted to Sa 2 +-2. s per 1anufacture

specification 1ostl! coal tar epo! or 'lass fla6es are used. It 1ust (e +00holida! detected sweep (lasted and then tie coat to (e carried out.

e) /opper nic6el alu1iniu1 and other nonferrous surfaces Most nonferrous

1etals are usuall! not coated ecept for cos1etic and colour codin'.lu1iniu1 is used in the co1position of so1e coatin' and in sacrificial

anodes. Jand e1er! %(rade) white spirit for cleanin' appl! acr!lic urethane

coat upto =0 1icrons d.f.t.f) Jelidec6s Jeli dec6s are (lasted and coated usin' non spar6 and non 1etal

a(rasies and paints. lu1 surface preparation Sa 2 +-2 li6e appearance.

Maintenance (! wire (rushin' :inc rich epo! 2 pac6 epo! tie coat (au

epo! %pol!a1ide)') Instru1ents - electrical e7uip1entOs It should (e 1as6ed off to protect the1

fro1 the preparation and paintin' operations. Surface preparation to St 3 hand

a(rade acr!lic coat to 200 1icrons d.f.t.h) Su(1er'ed :one It can (e painted usin' paint s!ste1 that can (e cured under

water. *he! 1a! (e unpainted as this area is a slow corrosion area. Eue to low

o!'en coal tar epo! as that of splash :one can (e applied.

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i) *op side 1aintenance >perations to (e carried out (! power cleanin' to St 3.

ppl! alu1 epo! pri1er. Mostl! hand cleanin' preparations onl! carried out.

Brush applied coatin' with urethane acr!lic upto =0 1icrons d.f.t.

G) alani:ed steel structures Sweep (last and appl!.;ower wire (rush # appl! two da1a'ed areas epo! 1astic chlorinated resin.

6) ;ipeline riser in the splash :one It should (e coated sa1e as all other steel

wor6 in that :one.l) Eec6 coatin's It should (e non#slip escape s!ste1. >er the top coatin'

screened coat and seeler should (e applied. 3#pac6 copol!1er is applied 2#411

PAPER > &. PAINTING GRA5E 1 (%>*as)

1. What do -o! !nderstand +- the o,,owin* ter$s

a) ,..* ,owest astrono1ical tide.() leation Side iew of a platfor1 accordin' to l.a.t.

c) Splash :one It has a di1ensioned area. $o other dec6 has this. It is #2.5 Mts. to

L+2 Mts. of the l.a.t.

'. Whi"h stat!tor- instr!$ent do"!$ent re,ates to saet- at oshore

S+ # +0+9

. What are the re6!ire$ents or ins#e"tin* s"ao,din* !sed at oshore

It 1ust (e inspected (! co1petent 7ualified personnel onl! eer! seen da!s and

alwa!s after aderse weather.

&. How is sae s"ao,din* identiied

B! the colour 'reen ta'.

0. List the saet- $eas!res re6!ired or oer the side wor9in* in des"endin*

order o #reeren"e i s"ao,din* is not #ra"ti"a+,e.

Safet! nets safet! (elt line and life Gac6et.

2. Na$e two t-#es o #er$it to wor9 and *ie an ea$#,e on ea"h.

Jot ll power drien tools (lastin' and spra!in' e7uip1ents.

/old Wor6in' at hei'hts ru((in' down house 6eepin'.

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3. What do"!$entation is re6!ired #rior to enterin* a esse, at oshore

per1it 1a! (e re7uired oer and a(oe the hot or cold ones issued (! a

co1petent person to chec6 whether o!'en is in ecess of 20. stand (! personat the entr! H9 sniffer to deter1ine eplosion leels M.., >..,. are also

re7uired (efore enterin' a essel.

4. Who is !,ti$ate,- res#onsi+,e or saet- at oshore

>.I.M.I.>

7. Are dri,,in* $!ds a"idi" or a,9a,ine

l6aline.

18. Na$e three de"9s/ whi"h are $ain at oshore #,ator$s.

Splash dec6 at1ospheric dec6 and topsides dec6.

11. 5es"ri+e the o,,owin* areas on an oshore #,ator$.

ac6et It is the support structure of a platfor1.

/aissons >pen pipe wor6 with pu1ps and filters./onductor oins riser pipelines to topside pipe wor6.

1'. What sho!,d -o! do i$$ediate,- ater arriin* on an oshore #,ator$

Boo6 in and attend safet! (riefin'.

1. How are oshore #,ator$s identiied

It is identified (! operatorOs na1e na1e of oil or 'as field. ,etter desi'nation si'n

is (lac6 and !ellow in colour.

1&. List three saet- "onsiderations or a,, oshore wor9ers wor9in* on a

#rod!"tion #,ator$.

10. Who iss!es wor9 #er$its

$o1inated responsi(le person.

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12. or how ,on* $!st a #erson wor9 oshore +eore oshore s!ria, trainin*

+e"o$es "o$#!,sor-

isitor who isits a platfor1 does not sta! oerni'ht for not 1ore than four

ti1es a !ear and 1ust re'ister his isit eer! ti1e on the ri'.

13. How oten is a $edi"a, "he"9 re6!ired or #ersonne, wor9in* at oshore

Below 40 !ears # 3 !ears

Between 40 # 50 !ears # 2 !ears

>er 50 !ears # !earl!.

14. How are es"a#e ro!tes identiied on an oshore #,ator$

B! reflectie strips (! arrows oer the specified dec6 coat pri1ar! routes

#+00Mts secondar! routes # 50 Mts.17. Na$e three $ethods o 9ee#in* a #,ator$ in ied #osition

Steel pilin' Matt support and sea tan6er.

'8. What #re"a!tions sho!,d +e o+sered when +oardin* and trae,,in* in

he,i"o#ter

s reco11ended (! the /...

'1. List the essentia, ite$s o e6!i#$ent and ",othin* or an oshore #aintin*

ins#e"tor

+00 cotton oeralls ri''er (oots safet! hel1ets safet! 'lasses 'loes life Gac6et

and safet! suit are the e7uip1entOs re7uired for the inspector.

''. Edd- "!rrent #aint thi"9ness $etres and e,e"tri"a, ther$o$etrs $a- not +e

a,,owed at oshore/ wh-

;ossi(ilit! of spar6 fro1 (atteries is the reason for not allowin' the a(oe said

1eters.

'. E#,ain the o,,owin* ter$Js #,ator$/ $od!,e and a"9et.

;latfor1 Structures fro1 where operations drillin' and production start at

offshore.Module ,ar'e (oes which contain acco11odation and co1pressor etc.

ac6et It is the support structure of a platfor1.

'&. Whi"h do"!$ents are -o! re6!ired to hae +eore +oardin* a he,i"o#ter to *o;a'e =3 of

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oshore

/... course certificate (oardin' card 1edical certificate safet! surial

certificate and passport.

'0. What is the a++reiation or O.I.?

>ffshore installation 1ana'er.

'2. What is the station +i,,

It is the notice (oard located outside the radio officerOs office.

'3. What $!st +e worn +e,ow the "e,,ar de"9

surial suit and a full life Gac6et.

'4. In an e$er*en"- what is the dieren"e +etween an inter$ittent siren and a

,ashin* ,i*ht/ and a "ontin!o!s siren and a red ,i*ht

Inter1ittent siren and flashli'ht prepare to a(andon ri' whereas continuous siren

and red li'ht indicates to a(andon ri'.

'7. What is +r!"9er "a#s!,e

It is an escape essel. It is a full! coered life(oat.

8. What are the #ro+,e$s asso"iated with the #re#aration and #aintin* o

he,ide"9s and/ s#,ash and tida, =ones

;ro(le1s associated are weather conditions li1ited ti1e factors air traffic and tide

leels.

1. When wo!,d he,ide"9s/ tida, and s#,ash =ones are #ainted

*he! will (e painted when there is low tides and when there is no helicopteractiit! and in da! li'ht wor6in' onl!.

'. What "onsiderations sho!,d +e *ien to s"ao,din* in the s#,ash =one

8e1oal of (oards after wor6 as the tides will wash awa! loose (oards. It should

(e chec6ed re'ularl!.

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. Wh- are ri**er +oots worn at oshore

It is resistant to oils and 6ic6ed of 7uic6l!.

&. Wh- are n-,on oera,,s !s!a,,- #rohi+ited

Eue to static electricit! which can occur. *he! 1a! also 1elt.

0. 5es"ri+e three $ethods or iin* a #,ator$ in #osition.

Steel pilin' 1att support and sea tan6s are the three 1ethods.

2. What is derri"9 ,a- +ar*e

It is a essel for la!in' offshore oil and 'as pipelines and settin' topsides risersand for pilin' of Gac6ets.

3. Where on #,ator$ is the s#ider de"9

It is the lowest dec6. Splash :one wal6wa! (etween (races and conductors.

4. Who is a stand+- $an or radio$an

Je is a person used in the essel or near enclosed spaces in cases of e1er'enc!. Je

1ust (e alwa!s present in person and on the loo6 out.

8adio1an # he is a 3 wa! contact hi1self wor6 tea1 and stand(! (oat.

7. How is a #aint a##,i"ation e6!i#$ent earthed or !se at oshore

Blast cleanin' and spra! e7uip1ent shall (e continuousl! electricall! (onded fro1no::le to the surface (ein' painted and (ac6ward fro1 no::le to the co1pressor

which shall (e earthed.

&8 What is the $ini$!$ ,en*th o no==,e or wet +,astin* at oshore

>ne 1etre lon'.

&1. Na$e three t-#es o o!,ant

ni1als plant and 1icro#or'anis1.

&'. 5es"ri+e the $eanin* o H>1'8 in re,ation to ire #rote"tion.

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J # J!drocar(on and +20 1inutes is the ti1e for the fire proof which is re7uired to

protect !ou.

&. What is HP A o a str!"t!ra, $e$+er

It is the ratio of the heated pre1ier of the steel to its cross#sectional area.

&&. Na$e the two $aor t-#es o ire#roo "oatin*s.

+. /e1entious2. Intu1esceen Intu1escent.

&0. 5es"ri+e a t-#i"a, $ethod !sed to 9ee# a er- thi"9 ire #roo "oatin* adhered

on to a stee, s!+strate.

t!pical 1ethod is (! the use of wire nettin' %reinforced) pinned to the su(