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TOPIC: REIFORCEMET

Reinforcement & types which

effect on learning

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MEANING OF REINFORCEMENT

Meaning:

Reinforcement means source & force

which make stronger. Introduced by B.F Skinner.

Its the controlled concept of Operant

Conditioning in which subject learns to givethe correct response to a stimulus by

reinforcement.

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DEFINITION OF REINFORCEMENT

Any event that increases the

probability of a behaviour occurring

again is called reinforcement.

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CONCEPT OF REINFORCEMENT

Reinforcement is the operation of strengthening,supporting or solidifying anything.

Reinforcement is knowledge of results, feedbackabout the correctness or appropriateness of onesbehaviour.

Any event or act which serves to reduce a drive.

Any set of circumstances that an organism findspleasurable or satisfying while its true that pleasurableor satisfying events will reinforce behaviour.

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LEARNING & REINFORCEMENT

Learning is an adaptive process because itenhance our ability to change finding food andshelter, avoiding danger, reading and making

friends etc all these activities require learning.

Reinforcement is a selective factor and

basic component of learning. Reinforcementmeans any reward or punishment which effecton learning.

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REWARD & PUNISHMENT

REWARD:

A reward is a stimulus whose presentationincrease the probability a behaviour will occur.

PUNISHMET:

A punishment is a stimulus whose

presentation decrease the probability abehaviour will occur.

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TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT

1. Positive Reinforcement

2. Negative Reinforcement3. Primary Reinforcement

4. Secondary Reinforcement

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POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT

A procedure of training which uses positive

reinforce.

A positive reinforce is any stimulus whose

presentation increases the probability that a behaviour

will occur.

Any event that occur as a result of a response and

strenth the response is called positive reinforcement.

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NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT

A procedure of training which uses negativereinforce.

A negative reinforce is any stimulus whoseremoval increases the probability that a behaviour willoccur.

Negative reinforcement occurs when a behaviourresult is removal or avoidance of some unpleasantstimulus.

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PRIMARY REINFORCEMENT

A primary reinforce satisfies some biological

needs and works naturally.

Food for a hungry person.

Water for a thirsty person.

Warmth for the cold person.

All these are classified as primary reinforce.

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SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT

A secondary reinforcement in contrast is a

stimulus that becomes reinforcing because of its

association with a primary reinforcement.

Money

Achievement

Safety from danger