13.5 SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

OBJECTIVES

Explain how new discoveries in astronomy changed the way people viewed the universe.

Analyze the contributions that Newton and other scientists made to the Scientific Revolution.

THE OLD WAY Stuck in the past (Greeks and Church)

Ptolemy’s geocentric theory

How did they come up with this idea?

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

Began Mid-1500’s

Causes: necessity rebirth in learning during

Renaissance Challenging older ways and ancient

ideas

HELIOCENTRIC THEORY Copernicus (1543) On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.

Proposed heliocentric theory Backlash Tycho Brahe’s observatory Johannes Kepler, used Brahe’s

observations, supported with mathematical data (ellipse)

GALILEO Started by discounting Aristotle/Ptolemy 1610

Assembled telescope, observed Jupiter’s moons revolve around the planet.

Supported Copernicus and called to Rome in front of Inquisition “And yet it moves.” Outcome?

Ideas stuck

SCIENTIFIC METHOD Problem=hypothesis=data=conclusion

Bacon moved away from reliance on ancients, stressed experimentation and observation

Descartes “I think therefore I am” Discourse on Method (1637) Everything within human reason

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Scientific Method needed new materials

Perfected Microscope by Leeuwenhoek(1590) Fahrenheit and Celsius

Dissection of bodies On the Structure of the Human Body Vesalius, first accurate and detailed study of human anatomy Harvey, circulation of blood and the heart

Inoculations

NEWTON One set of universal gravitation.

Natural laws dominated earth/humanity.

Can be measured and described mathematically

Gravity

Philsophie Naturalis Principia Mathematica