13.2: War in Europe Begins
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Transcript of 13.2: War in Europe Begins
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13.2: War in Europe Begins
The weak responses of world leaders to Hitler’s
aggression leads to WWII
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A. Path to War1. Fall of Austria & Czechoslovakia
a. Hitler takes over Austria 1938b. What does the League of Nations
do?
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c. Czechoslovakia
Hitler wants to take over the Sudetenland-contains a large German speaking
population
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2. The Munich Crisis (1938)a. Munich Pact
i. “trio,” France, GB, Germanyii. Sudentlands given to Hitler!
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b. Winston Churchill & appeasement –
giving up principles to pacify an aggressor
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Winston Churchill; PM of GB
Elected in 1940
Winston Churchill was named TIME's Man of the Year in 1940 and 1949
"An appeaser is one who feeds a
crocodile — hoping it will eat him last."
— Winston Churchill
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3. Hitler Demands Danzig, Poland
a. Is 90% German
b. Britain and France vow to protect Poland if Germany invades
c. Sept. 1, 1939: Hitler invades Poland
d. Sept. 3, 1939: France & GB declares war on Germany; the war has begun!
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4. The Nazi-Soviet Pact
a. Agreement between Stalin and Hitler
b. Stalin wants capitalist nations to go against each other; USSR safe
c. Hitler’s goal: avoid a two-front war
d. Secret deal: divide Poland between the two countries
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B. The War Begins September 3, 1939
1. Germany attacks Poland
2. Blitzkrieg-lightning war; surprise, nonstop attacks
3. Germany’s goal: to cut Polish supply lines
4. End result – Germany controls Poland by the end of the month
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Hitler Invades Poland/Blitzkrieg
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5. “Phony War”
a. After Poland invasion nothing happened for the next few months
b. Hitler goes around the Maginot Line through the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg
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Maginot LineMaginot line started after WWI; ineffective
French spent millions on its development
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6. The Miracle at Dunkirk
a. Last French port Hitler does not capture
b. Allows Allied troops to regroup and evacuate
c. > 330,000 troops saved
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C. Vichy France
1. Hitler captures Northern France
2. Marshal Petain heads Vichy gov’t
3. Gen Charles de Gaulle exiled in GB vowing to regain France
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The Fall of France
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/wwtwo_map_fall_france/index_embed.shtml
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WWII: German Advances1939-1941
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D. Battle of Britain
1. Goal: for Hitler to conquer GB by…
2. …Blitzkrieg + air fleet invasion
3. Luftwaffe vs. Royal Air Force (RAF) In the beginning, whose winning?
4. Technology that helped RAF win?RADAR; could see in the dark
5. Hitler calls off invasion of Britain
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British Hawker Hurricane (bomber)
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Supermarine Spitfire (bomber)
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Messerschmitt BF 10
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Arado AR 240 (heavy fighter)
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Soviet w/German POW
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Europe prior to WWI
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Europe after WWI
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Europe 1990
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Europe 1995