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Ch.6 Social Issues andEnvironment

-Azhar Ali

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From Sustainable to Unsustainabledevelopment

The development without thinking about theill-affects on the biotic and abiotic factorsleads to unsustainability

E.g. Overuse of coal and oil may lead tototal loss of fossil fuels

Unless we find alternatives for the same,the future generation will have to survivewithout energy resources

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Sustainable Development

The sustainable development is a process

of betterment of life, in all sectors ofsociety i.e. social, economic, educational,

health, national security, food andeducation

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Need for Sustainable Development

Almost all environmental problems are the results ofunsustainable development

Overuse of natural resources leads to pollution,

cutting of trees has created global warming

Laws for Air, Water, Land, Wild Life, Forest havefailed to control environmental losses

Only way is to accept the concept of sustainabledevelopmentby making people aware about theneeds and methods to control their demands andcontrol over the overuse of resources

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Urban problemsrelated to Energy

Conservation of energy resources:

Causes of shortage of energy in India

Effects of shortage of energy in India

Methods of conservation of energy

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Water Resources

Classification of water resources:

1. Surface water

2. Water in the solid form3. Water in the atmosphere

4. Underground water

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Water utility

Consumptive use of water mainly forirrigation

Non-consumptive use of water for powergeneration i.e. Hydel power

Partially consumptive use for the publicuse and for industrial and thermal plants

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Uses of water

1. Domestic use

2. Manufacturing process and powergeneration

3. Other uses

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Quality of water A. Physical parameters

1. Color2. Taste and odor

3. Temperature

4. Turbidity B. Chemical parameters

1. Total Dissolved solids (TDS)

2. pH3. Hardness

C. Biological parameters

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Means to rehabilitate the affectedpeople

Alternate land should be given

Enough compensation must be given

Job for at least one person in the family Infrastructure must be developed

Arrangements before the launching of the

actual project It should be realized that the

psychological and cultural loss is never

compensated

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Basic human values

Equality

Co-operation

Tolerance Truth

Justice

Excellence

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Acid rains

Main effects are due to Nitric AcidandSulfuric acid

Effects:

1. Damages the vegetation2. Surface and ground water gets affected

3. Soil pH reduces to 3, affects fertility

4. Skin irritation5. Land and water ecosystem get affected

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Measures to control Acid Rain

Reduce emissions at the source itself

Use low sulphur coal

Replace coal by natural gas

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Depletion of Ozone layer

Main cause is Chlorine

Effects:

1. Damages the plants2. Causes cancer

3. Causes destruction of life

4. Affects the natural environment

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Measures to control depletion ofO3

Minimize the use of Fe and halogens

Use CFC free chemicals

Reduced use of AC s and refrigerators

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Global warming and Greenhouse effect

GHG s are:

1. CFC

2. CH43. N2O

4. CO2

5. CO

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Measures to control globalwarming

Check the overuse of carbon dioxide

Use alternative sources of energy

Cut down the transmission losses ofelectricity

Use public transport

Clean Development Mechanisms inindustries

Greenbelt around industries

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EPA 1986

Objectives:

1. Protection and improvement of theenvironment i.e. air, water, soil

2. Prevention of hazards to all living beingsi.e. plants, animals and human beings

3.

Maintenance of the relationship betweenthe human beings and the naturalenvironment

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Penalties for Violation of Act1986

Imprisonment for a term which mayextend up to five years

Or Fine which may extend up to Rs. 1 lakh

Or

Both of the above

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Air: Prevention and Control ofPollution Act 1981

Aims andobjectives:

1. Prevention, control

of air pollution2. Maintaining the

quality of air

3. Establishing of the

Boards to preventand to control theair pollution

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Water: Prevention and control ofpollution act: 1974

Aims and objectives:

1. Prevention and control ofwater pollution

2. Maintaining and restoringthe wholesomeness ofwater

3. Establishment of Boards ofprevention and control ofwater pollution

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Penalties for violation of the act:

Penalty is imprisonment for a period ofthree months or a fine up to Rs. 10,000 orboth

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Wildlife Protection Act 1972

Aims and objectives:1. Maintenance of the

essential ecologicalprocesses and life-supporting systems

2. Preservation of thebiodiversity

3. Protection andconservation of wild-life

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Penalties for violation

Imprisonment for three years or fine uptoRs. 23,000 or both

License may get cancelled

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Forest Conservation Act,1980

Aims and objectives:

To protect and conserve theforest

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Penalties for violation

Imprisonment for six months or more or afine of Rs. 500 or both

For killing elephants imprisonment uptosix months or fine upto Rs. 5000 or both

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Causes of lack of environmental

awareness

Illiteracy and attitude

Lack of participation

Lack of information Partial information

secrecy

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Thank you!

-Azzu