To help protect your privacy, PowerPoint prevented this external picture from being automatically downloaded. To download and display this picture, click Options in the Message Bar, and then click Enable external content.

13 Weeks to a Better Understanding of Church HistoryRecommended Resources

Church History in Plain Language

30-70 Jesus and the Apostles70-312 Catholic Christianity312-590 Christian Empire590-1517 Middle Ages1517-1648 Reformation1648-1789 Reason and Revival1789 1914 P1789-1914 Progress1914-2008 Ideologies

AD 30-70 Jesus and the ApostlesAD 30-70 Jesus and the Apostles

Jerusalem JerusalemJesus’ Birth

Jerusalem Council

Jerusalem Destroyed

BC 0 32 49 64 70 AD 100

Pentecost Fire in Rome

AD 70-312 Catholic ChristianityAD 70-312 Catholic Christianity

T t lli

Ignatius Irenaeus Origen

JustinTertullian

Constantine

Clement

AD 100 200 300

Marcion Diocletian

Polycarp

Gnosticism Crisis

AD 312-590 Christian Roman EmpireAD 312-590 Christian Roman Empire

Council of

Council of Nicea

Sack of Rome Leo

Council of Chalcedon

Benedict

300 400 500 600

Theodosius Fall of RomeGregory

Constantine’s Conversion Augustine

g ythe Great

Church History in Plain Language

30-70 Jesus and the Apostles70-312 Catholic Christianity312-590 Christian Empire590-1517 Middle Ages1517-1648 Reformation1648-1789 Reason and Revival1789 1914 P1789-1914 Progress1914-2008 Ideologies

AD 590-1517 Christian Middle AgesAD 590-1517 Christian Middle Ages

Bubonic

Muhammad/Islam

Bubonic Plague

InquisitionChurch

SplitFrancis

of Assisi

600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

CrusadesWycliffe

Gregory Wycliffe

Charlemagne/Pope Leo III

the Great

Purgatory

The Rise of the F d l S t

• With no central government in • With no central government in

Feudal System

With no central government in western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire there was no

With no central government in western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire there was no Roman Empire, there was no coinage, no army, and no public education

Roman Empire, there was no coinage, no army, and no public educationeducation.

• There was only the Roman churchand “lords” who owned large

education.

• There was only the Roman churchand “lords” who owned large and “lords” who owned large amounts of land.and “lords” who owned large amounts of land.

The Rise of the F d l S t

• Because there was no government to coin • Because there was no government to coin

Feudal System

• Because there was no government to coin money, land became the key form of wealth.– Those who owned no land had no wealth.

• Because there was no government to coin money, land became the key form of wealth.– Those who owned no land had no wealth.Those who owned no land had no wealth.– Landowners (“lords”) set up self-sufficient

plantations (“manors”).

Those who owned no land had no wealth.– Landowners (“lords”) set up self-sufficient

plantations (“manors”).plantations ( manors ).– In some cases, several lords united their

knights under one lord who might become

plantations ( manors ).– In some cases, several lords united their

knights under one lord who might become g gthe king.

– Lords hired bishops to serve their manors.

g gthe king.

– Lords hired bishops to serve their manors.pp

The Rise of the F d l S t

– With no schools

Feudal System

With no schools, priests relied on statues and stained glass to teach.

– Churches became “Bibles in stone” as images replaced the

itt W dwritten Word.– This time-period would

later become known as later become known as “the Middle Ages.”

Charlemagne and the Charlemagne and the Roman ChurchRoman Church

• AD 496: The Frankish tribe converted to Christianity.

• AD 754: King Pepin III of the Franks gave all of central Italy to the Roman church.

Charlemagne and the Charlemagne and the Roman ChurchRoman Church

• AD 800: King Charles declared Leo III the • AD 800: King Charles declared Leo III the AD 800: King Charles declared Leo III the rightful bishop of Rome, and …

• … Leo III, in turn, declared Charles “Augustus,

AD 800: King Charles declared Leo III the rightful bishop of Rome, and …

• … Leo III, in turn, declared Charles “Augustus, … Leo III, in turn, declared Charles Augustus, crowned by God as supreme and peaceful emperor.”

… Leo III, in turn, declared Charles Augustus, crowned by God as supreme and peaceful emperor.”

This event marked the beginning of “the Holy This event marked the beginning of “the Holy g g yRoman Empire”—an empire that technically

lasted until 1806.

g g yRoman Empire”—an empire that technically

lasted until 1806.

Church SplitChurch Split

• Tensions had existed between eastern and Roman churches since the late second century.

• Three conflicts in the Middle Ages Three conflicts in the Middle Ages permanently divided the churches into the first two “denominations”—into the first two denominationsthe Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.Eastern Orthodox Church.

Church SplitChurch Split

• A Roman church in Spain had addedone word to the Nicene Creed—“filioque.”

• The original creed confessed that the Spirit “proceeds from the Father”; the updated creed confessed that the Spirit “proceeds from the Father and the “proceeds from the Father and the Son.”

Church Split

• The change angered eastern Christians

Church Split

The change angered eastern Christiansfor two reasons …– 1. At the Council of Ephesus and the 1. At the Council of Ephesus and the

Council of Chalcedon, Roman and eastern Christians had agreed never to change the creed.

– 2. Eastern theologians understood the inner workings of the Trinity slightly differently.

Church Split

• In 1054 the new bishop of Constantinople

Church Split

In 1054, the new bishop of Constantinoplerefused to recognize the bishop of Rome as the spiritual father (the “pope”) of all p ( p p )Christians.

• The bishop of Rome sent a bull to the bishop of Constantinople.

Church Split

• The bull cut off eastern Christians from

Church Split

The bull cut off eastern Christians from fellowship with Roman Christians on the basis of three accusations …

• 1. Eastern Christians allowed priests to marry. (True.)

• 2. Eastern Christians re-baptized Roman Christians who joined their churches.(Rarely true.)

• 3. Eastern Christians had deleted a word from the Nicene Creed. (Untrue.)

The Crusades• The initial reason for the

Crusade… Some Muslims (the Crusade… Some Muslims (the “Turks”) who controlled Palestine were preventing

il i f l ti th i pilgrims from completing their journeys to Jerusalem by charging high tolls.

• AD 1095: Urban II, bishop of Rome, called for a military crusade to recover Palestine crusade to recover Palestine from the Muslims.

The CrusadesThe First Crusade … Retook Jerusalem on

July 15 1099 slaughtering thousands of July 15, 1099, slaughtering thousands of innocent Jews and Muslims.

“If anyone out of devotion alone sets o t for Jer salem to free God’s out for Jerusalem to free God’s

church, the journey shall be the equivalent of penance All who die equivalent of penance. All who die

shall have immediate forgiveness.”

Pope Urban II

The Crusades

The Second Crusade Attempted The Second Crusade … Attempted unsuccessfully to maintain control of Jerusalem.J

The Third Crusade … Only the army of y yKing Richard Lion-Heart of England reached Jerusalem. The story of Robin Hood is from this era.

The Crusades

The Fourth Crusade … After an unsuccessful attempt to reach a Muslim base in Egypt, the Crusaders attacked gypConstantinople on Good Friday 1204.

“In alleys, streets, temples, shrieks of wounds, rape, captivity sounded. Muslims are merciful

compared with these men who bear Christ’s cross on their shoulders.”

—Citizen of Constantinople

After the Fourth Crusade, the church was split into two …

R C th li E t O th d• Roman Catholic– Catholic means

“worldwide ”

• Eastern Orthodox– Orthodox means

“correct glory ”“worldwide.”– “Roman Catholic”

implies that the

“correct glory.”– “Eastern Orthodox”

implies that the implies that the bishop of Rome is the spiritual father

implies that the churches that grew in the Eastern p

of Christians worldwide.

Empire are the ones that correctly glorify God.

The Babylonian Captivity

• In 1302, Pope Boniface VIII declared, in the bull Unam Sanctum, that …

“The true faith compels us to believe that there is one holy, universal, apostolic

church. Outside of her there is no l ti B th d th i it l dsalvation. Both swords—the spiritual and

the temporal—are in the church’s power.”

AVIGNON

The Babylonian Captivity

• The death of Pope Boniface VIII

• The death of Pope Boniface VIII

AVIGNON

marked the end of the pope’s political supremacy in

marked the end of the pope’s political supremacy in

ROMEsupremacy in Europe.

• The popes moved

supremacy in Europe.

• The popes moved• The popes moved from Rome, Italy, to Avignon, France.

• The popes moved from Rome, Italy, to Avignon, France.g o , a ceg o , a ce

• The popes remained• The popes remainedAVIGNON

The Babylonian CaptivityThe popes remained in Avignon for 72 years, and the church

The popes remained in Avignon for 72 years, and the church

AVIGNONy ,became increasingly corrupt.

y ,became increasingly corrupt.ROME

• This era became known as “the B b l i C ti it

• This era became known as “the B b l i C ti itBabylonian Captivity of the papacy.”Babylonian Captivity of the papacy.”

The Black Plague• In 1347, a rat with a

disease-laden flea disembarked fromdisembarked from a cargo ship in Europe.p

• This led to the bubonic plague.

• The worst part of the plague lasted four yearsfour years.

The Great Papal Schism

• In 1377, the pope returned to Rome.• When the pope refused to supportWhen the pope refused to support

the French cardinals, the French cardinals declared a new pope incardinals declared a new pope in Avignon.

The Great Papal Schism

• In 1409, the Council of Pisa deposed both popes and elected a new bishop p p pof Rome—but the two previous popes refused to step down.p p p

John Wycliffe• Wycliffe was aWycliffe was a

priest and philosophy

f tprofessor at Oxford University.

• Wycliffe and hisWycliffe and his “Lollards” translated the New T fTestament from the Latin Vulgate into ordinaryinto ordinary English.

John Wycliffe• Twice the archbishopTwice, the archbishop

of England tried to try Wycliffe for heresy.y y

• Both times, natural disasters prevented the trials.

• Wycliffe died in 1384, in good standing with the Roman Catholic ChurchChurch.

• The Council of Constance• The Council of ConstanceThe Council of Constance

• The Council of Constance …1. Condemned John Hus, a Bohemian

follower of John Wycliffe as a heretic

• The Council of Constance …1. Condemned John Hus, a Bohemian

follower of John Wycliffe as a hereticfollower of John Wycliffe, as a heretic.2. Had John Wycliffe’s bones unearthed

and burned

follower of John Wycliffe, as a heretic.2. Had John Wycliffe’s bones unearthed

and burnedand burned.3. Deposed all persons claiming to be the

pope and elected a new pope.

and burned.3. Deposed all persons claiming to be the

pope and elected a new pope.pope and elected a new pope.pope and elected a new pope.

The Hundred Years’ War

I 1337 th ki f E l d h d l i d hI 1337 th ki f E l d h d l i d h• In 1337, the king of England had claimed he was also—by divine rights—the king of France.

• War between France and England continued for

• In 1337, the king of England had claimed he was also—by divine rights—the king of France.

• War between France and England continued for• War between France and England continued for 116 years.

• The Battle of Agincourt depicted in Henry V

• War between France and England continued for 116 years.

• The Battle of Agincourt depicted in Henry V• The Battle of Agincourt, depicted in Henry V,was one major conflict.

• The Battle of Agincourt, depicted in Henry V,was one major conflict.

The Hundred Years’ War• The most famousThe most famous

military leader in the Hundred Years’ War

F h twas a French peasant girl, Joan of Arc.

• In 1430 the EnglishIn 1430, the English captured Joan and tried her for heresy,

l di hpartly to disprove her claims that God was on France’s side.on France s side.

The Renaissance• Key causes …

1. The fall of C t ti l tConstantinople to the Ottoman “Turks” in 1453Turks in 14532. Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of the movable-metal-type printing presstype printing press

In 1453, with the fall In 1453, with the fall of Constantinople to of Constantinople to o Co sta t op e too Co sta t op e tothe Ottoman Turks, the Ottoman Turks, the Eastern Roman the Eastern Roman Empire ends.Empire ends.

The Renaissance• Key effects• Key effects …1. A return to ancient written sources

“Ad fontes!”2 An emphasis on ancient artistic2. An emphasis on ancient artistic

styles and forms3. A movement from Scholasticism

to humanism

The Renaissance• Key person …

ERASMUS1. Compiled the Textus Receptus Greek NewGreek New Testament2. Criticized corruption in the churches.

AD 590-1517 Christian Middle AgesAD 590-1517 Christian Middle Ages

Bubonic

Muhammad/Islam

Bubonic Plague

InquisitionChurch

SplitFrancis

of Assisi

600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

CrusadesWycliffe

Gregory Wycliffe

Charlemagne/Pope Leo III

the Great

To help protect your privacy, PowerPoint prevented this external picture from being automatically downloaded. To download and display this picture, click Options in the Message Bar, and then click Enable external content.

13 Weeks to a Better Understanding of Church HistoryRecommended Resources