13. THE FORAMINIFERA AND SOME ASSOCIATED ...Tertiary is essentially that proposed by Bolli (1957b,...

13. THE FORAMINIFERA AND SOME ASSOCIATED MICROFOSSILS OF SITES 135 TO 144

J. P. Beckmann, Federal School of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland

INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

A total of 465 samples, all collected on shipboard, wereavailable for examination of the foraminifera and associatedmicrofossils. On the average, this amounts to one samplefor slightly less than one meter of recovered core. Most ofthe washed residues were separated into two fractions(retained in the 80 mesh and 230 mesh sieves). Only a fewsamples were too hard for conventional washing methodsand had to be studied in thin section (Site 139, Core 6; Site144, Core 6). A set of charts showing the composition andpreservation of the microfauna for each sample, withspecial emphasis on the foraminifera, has been prepared andis reproduced here on Tables 2 to 11. These tables alsoinclude the determinations of the zones and ages. Thefigures indicating the planktonic/benthonic ratios and thepercentage of foraminifera (of the total fauna in the80-mesh fraction) are in most cases estimates rather thancounts. For some samples, the record of the foraminiferalspecies has been left incomplete or omitted altogether.Such samples are marked in the last columns ("Remarks")by the letters "P"—partially examined or "n"-notexamined. Omissions of this kind will be found inmonotonous sequences of rich faunas, or where anoccasional sample was poorly preserved. Their purpose wasto save time without losing essential data.

Apart from these tables, this volume contains summariesof the foraminifera and some associated microfossils foreach core recovered. These summaries, which are bothdescriptive and interpretative, are incorporated in theappropriate Site Reports (Chapters 2 to 10).

The ages of the foraminiferal faunas recovered on Leg 14range from the Aptian/Albian to the Quaternary, but themajority of the good assemblages represent the Neogeneand the Cretaceous. The best sections for detailedbiostratigraphic study are in the Cenomanian-Upper Albianof Site 137, the Upper Cretaceous of Site 144, and thePliocene-Pleistocene of Site 141. The most completelycored stratigraphic section, with good calcareous micro-faunas throughout, is that of Site 144, but since severalunconformities were penetrated, the stratigraphic record isnot continuous.

The preservation of the faunas is variable. In themajority of the samples, the calcareous shells appear to bemore or less affected by solution. In the Pliocene of Site141, an excellent example of gradual loss of the calcareouscomponent, involving progressive etching, breaking up, andfinal disappearance of the foraminifera, can be observed.

Apart from the common planktonic deep-water faunas, afair number of predominantly benthonic assemblages wereencountered. Some of these appear to have been moveddownslope from a shallower environment (examples in Sites135, 140 and 142). Other benthonic faunas are entirely

noncalcareous and consist essentially of agglutinated deep-water foraminifera (Sites 137, 140 and 141). In theAptian/Albian faunas (Sites 136, 144), the benthonicelement is generally more conspicuous than elsewhere.These may at least in part be autochthonous deposits of theneritic to upper bathyal realm.

In addition to the Leg 14 cores, about thirty samplesfrom piston cores collected by the research vessel Vemawere kindly supplied by the Lamont-Doherty GeologicalObservatory (Palisades, New York). I wish to thank thisinstitution for making available this most useful comparisonmaterial. I am also indebted to G. F. Elliott (BritishMuseum, London), A. J. Keij, R. Lagaaji (both Shell-BIPM,Den Haag), and H. J. Oertli (SNPA, Pau, France) for theirhelp in determining the calcareous algal fragments andbryozoans of Site 142, as well as some Cretaceous ostracodsof Site 144. Helpful information was received in discussionswith M. B. Cita (University of Milano) and F. Roegl (ETH,Zurich). E. A. Pessagno (University of Texas, Dallas) madeavailable his shore lab determinations of samples from Sites137 and 144. In particular, I wish to thank H. M. Bolli(ETH, Zurich) for his advice on many problems includingtaxonomy, biostratigraphy and the stratigraphy of theCaribbean area.

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY

The biostratigraphic subdivision of the Cretaceous,Tertiary and Quaternary, as used in this report, is shown onTable 1. This table also includes references to thedefinitions of the zones, as well as the age boundariesagreed upon by the shipboard party.

The sequences of foraminiferal zones adopted for theTertiary is essentially that proposed by Bolli (1957b, c, d,1966, 1970). It appears that Bolli's scheme can readily beapplied to calcareous planktonic faunas from the warmtemperate to tropical regions of the Atlantic Ocean. Ascan be seen on the last column of Table 1, the distributionof the Leg 14 cores among the zones is quite uneven. Themaximum is in the Globorotalia margaritae Zone; this couldwell be an indication that this particular zone represents alonger time interval than most of the others. It may bejustified to attempt a further subdivision of this zone.

For the Late Cretaceous, a number of the zones andsubzones established by Pessagno (1967) are used. TheEarly Cretaceous was left unzoned except in Site 137 wherethe Rotalipora ticinensis Zone could be recognized.

SUMMARY REVIEW OF THE FORAMINIFERALASSEMBLAGES

Eastern Atlantic Sites (135 to 141)

The tight schedule for drilling these sites left little timefor detailed stratigraphic sampling. Nevertheless, on a few

389

J. P. BECKMANN

TABLE 1Planktonic Foraminiferal Zones to be Used in Leg 14 Initial Report

TABLE 1 - ContinuedE

NE

PL

IOC

g

VII

OC

I

w

}OC

EN

OL

K

Age

QU

AT

-E

RN

AR

Y

<oa

Ear

ly

CD

eahJ

Idle

S

Ear

lyM

iddl

eZone

GloborotaliatruncatulinoidesZone

Globorotalia cf.tosaensis Zone

Globorotalia exilis/G. miocenica Zone

Globorotaliamargaritae Zone

Globorotalia"dutertrei" Zone

Globorotaliaacostaensis Zone

Globorotaliamenardii Zone

Globorotaliamayeri Zone

Globigerinoides "ruber"Zone

Globorotalia fohsirobusta Zone

Globorotalia fohsilobata Zone

Globorotalia fohsipraefohsi Zone

Globorotalia fohsiperipheroacuta Zone

Globorotalia fohsiperipheroronda Zone

Praeorbulina glomerosaZone

Globigerinatella insuetaZone

Catapsydraxstainforthi Zone

Catapsydraxdissimilis Zone

Globorotalia kugleriZone

Globigerinaciperoensis ciperoensisZone

Globorotalia opimaopima Zone

GlobigerinaampliaperturaZone

Definition Usedin This Report

Bolli, 1970, Leg 4Initial Report



Bolli & Bermudez,1965



Bolli, 1966

Bolli, 1966

Bolli, 1966

Bolli, 1966

Bolli, 1966

Banner & Blow,1965

Banner & Blow,1965

Banner & Blow,1965

Bolli, 1966

Bolli, 1966

Bolli, 1957c

Bolli, 1957c

Bolli, 1957c

Bolli, 1957c

Bolli, 1957c

Bolli, 1966

Leg 14Cores

135-1, 141-1,142-1, 142-2,142-3

141-2

139-1, 140-1,141-2, 141-3

135-2, 136-1139-2, 140-1,141-3, 141-4,141-5, 141-6,142-4, 142-5

142-6?

135-3, 142-7

442-8

139-3, 139-4

135-4, 136-2

142-9

139-7

140-2

144B-1

Age

w

wyow

J3 C

ZoneDefinition Usedin This Report

Cassigerinellachipolensis/Hastigerina"micra" Zone

Bolli, 1966

(Not represented)

Truncorotaloides rohriZone

Bolli, 1957d

Orbulinoidesbeckmanni Zone

Bolli, 1957d(asPorticulasphaeramexicana Z.)

(Not represented)

Globorotalia pseudo-menardii Zone

Bolli, 1957b

(Not represented)

Globotmncanacontusa~stuartiformisZone

Globotmncanafornicata-stuartiformisZone

Pessagno, 1967

Globotmncanafornicata Subzone

Pessagno, 1967

Marginotmncanaconcavata Subzone

Pessagno, 1967

Marginotmncana renziZone

Pessagno, 1967

Whiteinella archaeo-cretacea Subzone

Pessagno, 1967

Marginotmncana sigaliSubzone

Pessagno, 1967

Rotalipora cushmani - Pessagno, 1967greenhornensisSubzone

Rotalipora evolutaSubzone

Pessagno, 1967

Rotalipora ticinensisticinensis Zone

Bolli, 1957a

(Undifferentiated)

Leg 14Cores

144 A-l,144A-2,144B-2,144B-3

144A-2

144-1

144-2,144A-3

Pessagno, 1967 135-7?

144-3,144A-3,144A-4

136-5, 136-6,136-7?,144A-5144A-6

137-7, 144-4

137-8, 137-9,137-10,137-11,137-12

137-12,137-13,137-14,137-15

143A-1,144-5

137-16,137-SW1,

136-8, 144-6,144-7, H4-8

390

THE FORAMINIFERA AND SOME ASSOCIATED MICROFOSSILS OF SITES 135 TO 144

occasions where efforts were made not to miss importantgeophysical horizons or the acoustic basement, goodsequences of continuous or nearly continuous cores wererecovered (Sites 136, 137, 141). In Site 137 (Cores 7 to 16,SW. Core 1), we found a series of excellently preservedGlobotruncanidae through the Cenomanian-Late Albian,and from Site 141 (Cores 1 to 7) we have an equally goodrecord of the Pleistocene and Pliocene in calcareousplanktonic facies. The wide average core spacing of about100 meters in some sites (135, 138, 139) makes it difficultto summarize the geological history of the area butnevertheless a few general trends appear to be indicated bythe available data:

a. Moderately calcareous faunas, sometimes with aconspicuous benthonic element, are found in lateEarly Cretaceous time (example: Site 136, Core 8).

b. Rich planktonic faunas in the Cenomanian (Site 137)are followed by impoverished (partially dissolved?)planktonic faunas of the Turonian and lowerSenonian (Sites 136, 137).

c. From the latest Cretaceous through the Paleocene-Eocene-Oligocene, we have essentially noncalcareous(deep-sea?) clay deposition (Sites 138, 140) or evennondeposition (Site 136).

d. In the Miocene, calcareous faunas reappear at somesites (at least Sites 135, 136, 139, 140). Usually, theplankton is partially dissolved. Displaced faunasderived from shallower water are found at Sites 139and 140.

e. In the Pliocene and Quaternary, planktonic foramin-ifera are in most cases common and fairly wellpreserved, similar to those of the present day.

On the whole, the sequence of events is comparable tothat inferred by Cita (1970) for the North Atlantic sites ofLeg 2. In general, the faunas of Leg 14 appear to reflect adistinctly deeper water environment than the contem-poraneous faunas known from the West African coast(Reyre, 1966). There are a few intervals, however, wherethe onshore and offshore faunas seem to have much incommon (see Lehmann, 1966, for the Cretaceous; Colom,1965, for the Miocene Globorotalia fohsi robusta Zone).The Eastern Atlantic along the African coast shouldcertainly be an excellent area for studying the effects ofclimatic changes on the microfaunas, particularly during thePliocene and Pleistocene. The available samples are tooscattered to obtain a reliable pattern. Still, the Leg 14 coresseem to confirm that Globorotalia miozea (Site 135 only) istypical of temperate waters. The more tropical speciesGloborotalia exilis and G. miocenica were found only as farnorth as Site 139. The northward extension of Globorotaliarnulticamerata and Sphaeroidinella dehiscens goes as far asSite 140. Pulleniatina is confined to Site 141.

Western Atlantic Sites (142 to 144)

For the biostratigrapher, Site 142 (Quaternary toMiocene) and the combined Sites 143-144 (Oligocene toCretaceous) turned out to be a most rewarding source ofdata. The microfaunas of Site 142 are the reflection of ahighly complex sedimentary history (see Table 9). Theinflux of terrestrial and near-shore material in the earlyQuaternary, the common redeposited shallow-water fossils

in the Pliocene-Late Miocene, and the frequent associationof strongly etched and perfectly preserved planktonicforaminifera indicate intensive mixing of material fromdifferent sources. Most of these irregularities can beexplained by the location of this site off the Amazon Deltaand near a submarine ridge (Cearà Rise). In addition, theoccurrence of Bryozoans and of many calcareous algalfragments suggests the presence of reef flats or islands atcertain times.

After abandonment of the unsuccessful Site 143,extensive coring was carried out at Site 144 from theOligocene to the Middle Eocene and again from thePaleocene to the Aptian/Albian. Although the section iscalcareous and predominantly pelagic, several distinctunconformities were penetrated (Eocene/Oligocene andCretaceous/Tertiary boundaries). The stratigraphic sectionand the sequence of microfaunas are similar to those of theEastern Venezuela basin (Jenks, 1956; Lexico Estratigraficode Venezuela, 1970; Metz, 1968) and of South Trinidad(Kugler and Bolli, 1967).

Preservation of the Microfaunas and Calcium CarbonateSolution

The preservation of the microfaunas of Leg 14 variesfrom excellent to very poor. The best preserved faunas arefound not only in Quaternary but also in some relativelyold sediments (Cenomanian pelagic marls of Site 137;benthonic faunas in the Aptian/Albian of Sites 136 and144). Excellent preservation is also a characteristic of somedisplaced microfossils; these were most probably trans-ported in suspension and rapidly buried, and thus escapedboth abrasion and solution. Typical examples can be seen inSite 135 (Core 7), Site 140 (Cores A-l and 2), and Site 142(Cores 1-3,5,6).

The most universal factor which influences the preserva-tion of the calcareous microfossils is certainly the solutionof calcite in the deep sea. On Tables 2 to 11, the visiblesolution effects are recorded for each sample in qualitativeterms (very strong, strong, moderate, weak). A morequantitative approach (see, for instance, the solution indexin Berger and Parker, 1970) would certainly be desirable,but criteria other than faunal diversity should probably besought as a measure of solution in fossil material.

A complete sequence of gradual destruction of cal-careous shells through progressive solution can be seen inthe Pliocene of Site 141 (Cores 4 to 7, particularly). Analmost identical process has already been observed in thenearby DSDP Site 12 (Leg 2); it is described in detail byCita (in press). There can be no doubt that a similar processalso acted on older faunas. In the Cenomanian of Site 137,there are a few almost noncalcareous levels interbeddedwith marls containing perfectly preserved pelagic fora-minifera. Yet it is apparently unusual in pre-Neogenesediments to see such good sequences of progressive etchingand breaking up of shells as in Site 141. The writer hasobserved similar differences in the solution pattern betweenthe Paleogene and Neogene faunas of the Central Pacific(DSDP Leg 8).

Very poorly preserved shells of foraminifera andradiolarians (mostly internal casts) are typical of someUpper Cretaceous rocks, particularly at Site 136. In this

391

J. P. BECKMANN

this case, factors other than great water depth may beresponsible, since the samples are rich in volcanogeniccomponents.

Displaced Faunas

Microfossil assemblages which appear to be partially oreven totally allochthonous are fairly common at some ofthe Leg 14 sites. For descriptions of the lithology and fossilcontent of such heterogeneous intervals, the reader isreferred to the Site Reports of Sites 135, 139, 140 and 142,and also to Tables 2, 6, 7 and 9 in this chapter. Plantfragments and abundant quartz sand are often associatedwith the displaced microfaunas. In some cases, such faunasmay be found interbedded in a noncalcareous red claysequence (Site 135, Core 7, Center Bit sample). Morecommonly, however, the allochthonous character isindicated by the coexistence of two or more preservationsor colors in one sample, or by the presence of typicalshallow water fossils. A typical case is Core 5 of Site 142with its association of strongly etched planktonic fora-minifera (presumably the only autochthonous component)with perfectly preserved, thin-walled globigerinids,calcareous algae, bryozoans and plant remains. Examples ofredeposited shallow-water fossils are the Upper Cretaceousorbitoids of Site 135, or the barnacle plates and associatedbenthonic foraminifera (Ammonia, Pararotalia, Amphi-stegina) in the Miocene of Site 140. Displaced planktonicassemblages are usually recognized by their perfectpreservation (Site 142, Cores 1-3, 5, 6) or the pre-dominance of one size grade (Site 135, Core 7).

A combined sedimentological and micropaleontologicalstudy of these heterogeneous rocks by members of theshipboard party is planned for later publication.

Samples of Vema Piston Cores Located Near Leg 14 Sites

Samples from the following Vema piston core stationswere also made available for study:V-27-162 (near Site 136)V-27-167 (between Sites 137 and 138)V-23-98 (near Site 139)V-23-99 (near Site 140)V-2641 (near Site 141)V-24-258, V-25-49, V-25-62, V-25-63, V-25-64 (all nearSite 142)V-25-73, V-25-74, V-25-75, V-25-76, V-25-77 (all near Sites143,144)

These samples are a most valuable addition to the Leg 14cores, since coring operations from the Challenger normallystarted some distance below the sea floor. They made itpossible to compare the fossil faunas recovered by theGlomar Challenger with recent to Late Pleistocene faunasdeposited in the same area and at a similar water depth. Allavailable piston core samples (except V-25-62) are ofQuaternary age. In most cases the composition andpreservation of their faunas are as expected at theirrespective locations, but there are a few interestingexceptions:

a. V-27-167, collected in the area between Sites 137 and138 at a water depth of 5099 meters, contains a fairlyrich calcareous planktonic assemblage at the sea floor(sample at 2 to 4 centimeters), and in some deeper

zones as well (280, 292.5, and 300 centimeters). Theforaminiferal shells in the sea-floor sample, andparticularly in the foraminiferal marl at 292.5centimeters, are much better preserved than onewould expect at such a water depth. In the remainingtwo samples (280 and 300 centimeters) solutioneffects are much stronger. The fauna at 292.5centimeters may well be redeposited (the coredescription mentions some slight grading). Thehighest cores of Sites 137 and 138 are practicallynoncalcareous, but a few planktonic foraminiferaderived from the Quaternary were found ascontamination in Core 1 of Site 138.

b. V-23-99, near Site 140, contains abundant pelecypodshells at 77 to 79 centimeters. These are mostlyetched or abraded, but at the same time areassociated with abundant well-preserved planktonicforaminifera. Similar mixed assemblages were foundin the Miocene of the nearby Site 140.

c. The cores recovered from the abyssal plain near Site141 (V-24-258, V-25-49, V-25-64) are remarkablydifferent from the Pleistocene cores of Site 142. Thelatter contain quartz sand, plant fragments, and someshallow water fossils, whereas the piston core samplesare practically free of terrigeneous detritus.

The faunas of Piston Core V-25-62, located near thecrest of the Ceara Rise, are of Miocene age (Globorotaliafohsi peripheroacuta Zone near the top, Praeorbulinaglomerosa Zone near the bottom at 340 to 343centimeters).

SPECIES REFERENCE LIST

The majority of the species mentioned in this report arewell known in the recent literature. For descriptions,illustrations and synonymies, the reader is referred to thefollowing papers and monographs:

Planktonic foraminifera: Blow (1969)Bolli (1957b, c,d; 1959)Pessagno(1967)

Benthonic foraminifera: Beckmann (1954)Frizzell(1954)Simon et al (1962)

References to the species not included in these sixpublications are given below, together with some additionalcomments.

Planktonic Species

Chiloguembelina cubensis (Palmer).Gümbelina cubensis Palmer, 1934, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist.Nat., Vol. 8, p. 74, textfigs. 1 -6.

Chiloguembelina martini (Pijpers).Textularia martini Pijpers, 1933, Geogr. Geol. Med., Univ.Utrecht, Phys. Geol. Reeks, no. 8, p. 57, figs. 6-10.

Globigerinelloides breggiensis (Gandolfi).Anomalina breggiensis Gandolfi, 1942, Riv. Ital. Paleontol.Strat., mem. 4, p. 102, textfig. 34 (1-4); pi. 3, fig. 6; pi. 5,fig. 3; pi. 9, fig. 1; pi. 13, figs. 7, 8. Holotype refigured byCaron and Luterbacher (1969).

392


Globorotalia crassaformis A.Globorotalia crassaformis A, Bolli, 1970, DSDP InitialReports, vol. IV, p. 580, pi. 4, figs. 17-20. This is probablya good marker for the base Pleistocene- top Pliocene.

Globorotalia crassata (Cushman).Pulvinulina crassata Cushman, 1925, Bull. Am. Assoc.Petrol. Geol., vol. 9, p. 300, pi. 7, fig. 4. Lectotypedesignated by Bandy, 1964, Contrib. Cushman Foun.Foram. Res. vol. 15, p. 34.

Globorotalia margaritae Bolli and Bermudez.A small and large variety have been distinguished in thepresent report. The former appears to be characteristic ofthe lower part of the G. margaritae Zone, the latter isconfined to the upper part (see also Bolli, 1970, p. 581). Ataxonomic revision and biostratigraphic reevaluation of thisspecies is now under way (H. M. Bolli, M. B. Cita; personalcommunication) and may lead to a more refined sub-division of the Early Pliocene.

Globorotalia pertenuis Beard.G. pertenuis Beard, 1969, Trans. Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol.Soc, vol. 19, p. 552, pi. 1. figs. 1-6; pi. 2, figs. 5, 6; pi. 3,fig. 4. This species may correspond to the informal categoryG. exilis A of Bolli (1970). It differs from G. exilis Blow inhaving more chambers, which are also more radiallyelongated, in the final whorl.

Globorotalia pomeroli Tourmarkine and Bolli.G. cerroazulensis pomeroli Tourmarkine and Bolli, 1970,Rev. Micropaleontol, vol. 13, p. 140, pi. 1, figs. 10-18.

Globorotalia pseudomiocenica Bolli and Bermudez.G. pseudomiocenica Bolli and Bermudez 1965, p. 140, pi.1, figs. 13-15.

Globorotalia cf. tosaensis Takayanagi and Saito.The distribution of this species in the Atlantic Ocean ismuch more erratic than in the Pacific. Also it appears to berather rare and is certainly not a good species for defining azone. There are a few specimens in Site 141 which resemblethe figures given by Bolli (1970; pi. 3, figs. 16-21).

Globorotalia cf. tumida/plesiotumida.Here are included specimens which are usually slightlysmaller and more delicately built than G. tumida. Normally,they are found together with G. margaritae. Some of thespecimens are very close to the holotype of G. plesiotumidaBlow, but the variability and distribution of this species arenot adequately known.

Globorotalia wilsoni (Cole).Globigerina wilsoni Cole, 1927, Bull. Am. Paleontol., vol.14, no. 51, p. 34, pi. 4, figs. 8,9.

Globotruncana caliciformis Vogler.G. linnei d'Orbigny calciformis Vogler, 1941,Palaeontogr.,Suppl. Bd, 4, Abt. 4, p. 288, pi. 24, fig. 23.

Globotruncana tricarinata (Quereau).Pulvinulina tricarinata Quereau, 1893, Beitr. Geol. KarteSchweiz, N.F. 33, p. 89, pi. 5, fig. 3.

Globotruncana ventricosa primitiva Dalbiez.G. {Globotruncana) ventricosa primitiva Dalbiez, 1955,Micropaleontol., vol. 1, p. 171, textfig. 6.

Hantkenina longispina Cushman.H. longispina Cushman, 1924, Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, vol.66, Art. 30, p. 2, pi. 2, fig. 4.

Hedbergella trocoidea (Gandolfi).Anomalina lorneiana (d'Orbigny) var. trocoidea Gandolfi,1942, Riv. Ital. Paleontol., Strat., mem. 4, p. 99, pi. 2, fig.2; pi. 4, figs. 2, 3; pi. 13, figs. 2, 5. Lectotype described andfigured by Caron and Luterbacher (1969).

Hetero helix cf. frizzelli (Kavary)."Pseudogumbelina" frizelli Kavary, 1963, Bull. Univ.Missouri School Mines etc., Tech. Ser., no. 102, p. 66, pi.13, figs. 19, 20. This name refers here to short specimenswhich consist essentially of two relatively large chamberswith only a very small, more or less pointed initial stage.Kavary's description does not go into much detail andseems to overlap with that of another new species,Pseudotextularia (?) reissi.

Rotalipora balernaensis Gandolfi.R. appenninica balernaensis Gandolfi, 1957, Contr.Cushman Found. Foram. Res., vol. 8, p. 60, pi. 8, fig. 3.

Rotalipora brotzeni (Sigal).Thalmanninella brotzeni Sigal, 1948, Rev. Inst. Fr. Pe'tr.,vol. 3, p. 101, pi. 1, fig. 5; pi. 2, figs. 6, 7.

Rotalipora reicheli (Mornod).Globotruncana (Rotalipora) reicheli Mornod, 1950, Ecol-ogy. Geol. Helv., vol. 42, p. 583, textfig. 5 (4), textfig. 6(1-6); pi. 25, figs. 3, 4.

Rotalipora ticinensis (Gandolfi).Globotruncana ticinensis Gandolfi, 1942, Riv. Ital. Paleon-tol. Strat., mem. 4, p. 113, textfig. 39; pi. 2, fig. 3; pi. 4,figs. 10, 11, 23; pi. 5, figs. 2, 4; pi. 8, figs. 4-7; pi. 12, fig. 1;pi. 13, figs. 11, 12, 14. Holotype redrawn by Caron andLuterbacher (1969).

Ticinella raynaudi digitalis Sigal.T. raynaudi var. digitalis Sigal, 1966, Ecolog. Geol. Helv.,vol. 59, p. 202, pi. 6, figs. 6-8.

Benthonic Species

Ammonia beccarii (Linné) s.l.Nautilus beccarii Linne, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, p. 710.See also Loeblich and Tappan (1964, p. 607).

Amphistegina cubensis Palmer.A. cubensis Palmer, 1934, Mem. Soc. Cubana Hist. Nat.,vol. 8, p. 256, pi. 15, fig. 2; textfigs. 16, 17.

Aragonia velascoensis (Cushman).Textularia velascoensis Cushman, 1925, Contr. CushmanLab. Foram. Res., vol. 1, p. 18, pi. 3, fig. 1.

Bandyella greatvalleyensis (Trujillo).Pleurostomella greatvalleyensis Trujillo, 1960, J. Paleontol.,vol. 34, p. 345, pi. 50, figs. 5, 6.

Bolivinoides delicatulus Cushman.B. decorata (Jones) var. delicatula Cushman, 1927, Contr.Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 2, p. 90, pi. 12, fig. 8.

Bulimina arkadelphiana Cushman and Parker.B. arkadelphiana Cushman and Parker, 1935, Contr. Cush-man Lab. Foram. Res., vol. 11, p. 96, pi. 15, figs. 1, 2.

393

J. P. BECKMANN

Clavulina arenata Cushman.C. arenata Cushman, 1933, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.Res., vol. 9, p. 54, pi. 6, fig. 5.

Clavulina gaultina Morozova.C. gaultina Morozova, 1948, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow, N.S.53, Sect. Geol., 23, p. 36, pi. 1, fig. 4. Reference in Noth(1951).

Elphidium macellum (Fichtel and Moll).Nautilus macellus Fichtel and Moll, 1798, Test. Micr., p.66, pi. 10, figs. e-k.

Gavelinella schloenbachi (Reuss).Rotalia schloenbachi Reuss, 1863, Sitzber. K. Akad. Wiss.Wien, Math. Naturw. CL, vol. 46, pi. 84, pi. 10, fig. 5.

Glomospira gordialis (Jones and Parker).Trochammina squamata Jones and Parker var. gordialisJones and Parker, 1860, Quart. J. Geol. Soc. London, vol.16, p. 304. Parker and Jones, 1865, PM. Trans., vol. 155,p. 408, pi. 15, fig. 32.

Gyroidina tenera (Brady).Truncatulina tenera Brady, 1884, Rept. Voy. Challenger,Zool., vol. 9, p. 665, pi. 95, fig. 11.

Haplophragmoides foliaceus (Brady).Haplophragmium foliaceum Brady, 1881, Quart. J. Micr.Soc, vol. 21, p. 50. Brady. 1883, Rept. Voy. Challenger,Zool. vol. 9, p. 304, pi. 33, figs. 20-25.

Lenticulina dubiensis (Berthelin).Cristellaria dubiensis Berthelin, 1880, Mém. Soc. Géol.France, ser. 3, Vol. 1, no. 5, p. 52, pi. 3, fig. 24.

Lenticulina saxocretacea Bartenstein.L. saxocretacea Bartenstein, 1954, Senckenb, Lethea, vol.35, p. 45. For Cristellaria subalata Reuss, 1863 (non Reuss,1854).

Lenticulina secans (Reuss).Cristellaria secans Reuss, 1860, Sitzber. K. Akad. Wiss.Wien, Math. Naturw. CL, vol. 40, p. 214, pi. 9, fig. 7.

Lenticulina subangulata (Reuss).Cristellaria subangulata Reuss, 1863, Sitzber. K. Akad.Wiss. Wien, Math. Naturw. CL, vol. 46, p. 74, pi. 8, fig. 7.

Lingulina loryi (Berthelin).Frondicularia loryi Berthelin, 1880, Mem. Soc. Géol.France, ser. 3, vol. 1, no. 5, p. 80, pi. 4, fig. 5.

Marssonella kummi Zedler.M. kummi Zedler, 1961, Palaeontol. Zeitschr., vol. 35, p.31, pi. 7, fig. 1.

Pyramidina szajnochae (Grzybowski).Verneuilina szajnochae Grzybowski, 1896, Akad. Um.Krakow, Wydz. Mat.-Przyr., Rozpravy, ser. 2, vol. 10, p.287, pi. 9, fig. 19.

Spiroplectammina anceps (Reuss).Textularia anceps Reuss, 1845, Verst. Boehm. Kreide, pt. 1,p. 39, pi. 8, fig. 79; pi. 13, fig. 78.

Spiroplectammina carinata (d'Orbigny).Textularia carinata d'Orbigny, 1846, Foram. Foss. Bass.Tert. Vienne, p. 247, pi. 14, figs. 32-34.

Spiroplectammina mexiaensis Lalicker.S. mexiaensis Lalicker, 1935, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.Res., vol. 11, p. 43, pi/6, figs. 5,6.

Tritaxia tricarinata (Reuss).Textularia tricarinata Reuss, 1845, Verst. Boehm. Kreide,pt. 1, p. 39, pi. 8, fig. 60.

Trochamminoides coronatus (Brady).Trochammina coronata Brady, 1879, Quart. J. Micr. Sci.,vol. 19, p. 58, pi. 5, fig. 15. Brady, 1884, Rept. Voy.Challenger, Zool., vol. 9, p. 340, pi. 40. figs. 10-12.

Uvigerina asperula Czjzek.U. asperula Czjzek, 1848, Haidingers Naturw. Abhandl., Bd.11, p. 146, pi. 13, figs. 14, 15.

Problematica

Coptocampylodon lineolatus Elliott.C. lineolatus Elliott, 1963, Palaeontology, vol. 6, p. 297, pi.46, fig. 4, 5,6, 8; pi. 48, fig. 2.

REFERENCES

Banner, F. T. and Blow, W. H., 1960. Some primary typesof species belonging to the Superfamily Globigerinaceae.Contrib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res. 1 1 , 1 .

, 1965. Progress in the planktonic foraminiferalbiostratigraphy of the Neogene. Nature. 208 (5016),1164.

Beckmann, J. P., 1954. Die Foraminiferen der OceanicFormation (Eocaen-Oligocaen) von Barbados, Kl.Antillen. Ecolog. Geol. Helv. 45 (1953), 301.

Berger, W. H. and Parker, F. L., 1970. Diversity ofplanktonic foraminifera in deep-sea sediments. Science.168,1345.

Blow, W. H., 1969. Late Middle Eocene to Recentplanktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy. Proc.. FirstIntern. Conf. Plank. Micro fossils, Geneva 1967. 1, 199.

Bolli, H. M., 1957a. The genera Praeglobotruncana,Rotalipora, Globotruncana, and Abthomphalus in theUpper Cretaceous of Trinidad, B.W.I. U.S. Nat. MuseumBull. 215,51.

, 1957b. The genera Globigerina and Globorotaliain the Paleocene-Lower Eocene Lizard Springs Forma-tion of Trinidad, B.W.I. U.S. Nat. Museum Bull. 215, 61.

, 1957c. Planktonic foraminifera from theOligocene-Miocene Cipero and Lengua Formations ofTrinidad, B.W.I. U.S. Nat. Museum Bull. 215, 97.

, 1957d. Planktonic foraminifera from the EoceneNavet and San Fernando Formations of Trinidad, B.W.I.U.S. Nat. Museum Bull. 215, 155.

, 1959. Planktonic foraminifera from the Creta-ceous of Trinidad, B.W.I. Bull. Am. Paleontol. 39 (179),258.

, 1966. Zonation of Cretaceous to Pliocene marinesediments based on planktonic foraminifera. Bol.Inform. Asoc. Venez. Geol. Min. Petr. 9, 3.

, 1970. The foraminifera of Sites 23-3 1, Leg 4. InBader, R. G. et. al, 1970, Initial Reports of the DeepSea Drilling Project, Volume IV. Washington (U.S.Government Printing Office), 577.

Bolli, H. M. and Bermudez, P. J., 1965. Zonation based onplanktonic foraminifera of Middle Miocene to Pliocene

394


warm-water sediments. Bol. Inform. Asoc. Venez. Geol.Min. Petr. 8, 121.

Caron, M. and Luterbacher, H. P., 1969. On some typespecimens of Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera. Con-trib. Cushman Found. Foram. Res. 20, 23.

Cita, M. B., 1970. Observations sur quelques aspectspaléoécologiques de sondages subocéaniques effectuésdans 1'Atlantique Nord. Rev. Micropaleontol. 12, 187.

Cita, M. B. (in press). Biostratigraphy, chronostratigraphyand paleoenvironment of the Pliocene of Cap Verde(North Atlantic). Rev. Micropaleontol. 14 (5).

Colom, G., 1965. Micropaleontologia del Sahara espanol.Estudios Geol. 21, 167.

Frizzell, D. L., 1954. Handbook of Cretaceous foraminiferaof Texas. Bur. Econ. Geol., Univ. Texas, Rept. Invest.22, 232 pp.

Jenks, W. F. (ed.), 1956. Handbook of South Americangeology. Geol. Soc. Am., Mem. 65, 378 pp.

Kugler, H. G. and Bolli, H. M., 1967. Cretaceous bio-stratigraphy in Trinidad, W. I. Bol. Inform. Asoc.Venez. Geol. Min. Petr. 10, 209.

Lehmann, R., 1962. Etude des Globotruncanidés duCretacé supérieur de la Province de Tarfaya (Marococcidental). Notes Serv. gèol. Maroc. 21, 133.

, 1966. Les foraminiféres pélagiques du Crétacédu bassin còtier de Tarfaya. Notes Mèm. Serv. gèol.Maroc. 175, 153.

Lexico Estratigrafico de Venezuela (Segunda Ed.), 1970.Bol. Geol, Publ. Especial. 4, 756 p.

Loeblich, A. R. and Tappan, H., 1964. Protista 2:Sarcodina, chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foramin-iferida. Treatise Invert. Paleont., C, 900 pp.

Metz, H. L., 1968. Biostratigraphic and geologic history ofextreme northeastern Serrania del Interior, State ofSucre, Venezuela. Trans. Fourth Caribbean Geol. Conf,Trinidad, 1965. 215.

Noth, R., 1951. Foraminiferen aus Unter- und Oberkreidedes oesterreichischen Anteils an Flysch, Helvetikum andVorlandvorkommen. Jahrb. Geol. Bundesanst, Sonder-band. 3, 91 pp.

Pessagno, E. A., 1967. Upper Cretaceous planktonicforaminifera from the western Gulf Coastal plain.Paleontogr. Am. 5 (37), 245.

Reyre, D. (ed.), 1966. Sedimentary basins of the Africancoasts. IUGS, Assoc. African Geol. Surveys, Paris. 1,304 pp.

Simon, W. et al, 1962. Leitfossilien der Mikropalaeon-tologie. Berlin (Borntraeger), 432 pp.

395

TABLE 2Site 135. Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Nature of Residue, and Important Foraminifera

?Eocene?Maestrichtian

center bit(belowcore 9)

oo oovo CΛ

vo vo voM W H

120-12232-34

120-122

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CΛ CΛON ONVO 4 *

oo oo

90-92137-139

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Maestrichtian?(?Eocene)

* . 4*u> u>CΛ H-

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120-12240-4237-39

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© © o

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7

u> u>CΛ £>.

DD

9

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u> u>4*. U>H- (Λ

CΛ CΛ

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u> u>to i-»CΛ CΛ

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. 1S

W. 2

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MiddleMiocene

to to^ \ CΛ00 VO

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t * t

G.acostaensis

LateMiocene

i—» i — 'oo o.to u>

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120-122120-122

CΛ H-© © to

VO vo voVO 00 VO

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G.margaritae

EarlyPliocene

oo oovo ©

to to to to to to to

f̂ σ\ CΛ i . do to h—

120-122120-122120-122120-122120-122120-122

•

to H- to to N> ^O O CΛ © © O OO © © O O © ©

© VO © VO VO vθ VO© vo © vo vo vo VO

•

G.truncatulinoides

Quaternary

*>. ©

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5-787-89

117-119120-122

10001000

100100200

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Zone or

Subzone

Age

Depth

Below

Sea F

loo

r(in m

eters)C

ore-

Section

Sam

pleInterval(in cm

)

35° 20.80'N, 10° 25.46'W

Water depth:

4152 m

DS

DP

Site 135

Planktonic foraminifera

Benthonic foraminifera

Larger foraminifera

Ostracoda

Echinoid spines

Mollusk fragments

Radiolaria

Diatoms

Sponge spicules

Fish debris

Plant fragments

Quartz sand

Planktonic/benthonic ratio

% foraminifera, > 80 mesh

Solution effects

Globigerina nepenthes

G. cip. angustiumbilicata

G. venezuelana

yGO

ac: strong downhole contamination, n: foraminifera not determined, p: foraminifera partially determined, r: reworking.Symbols: abundant, common, few very scarce

(very strong) (strong) (moderate) * (weak)

Globoquadrina dehiscensGloborotalia acostaensisG. archaeomenardiiG. crassaformis s.s.G. crassaformis rondaG. cultrata s.l.G. fohsi peripherorondaG. fohsi peripheroacutaG. inflataG. margaritae (small)G. mayeriG. miozeaG. opima nanaG. truncatulinoidesG. cf. tumida/plesiotumidaGlobigerinoides obi. extremusG. obi. obliquusG. ruberCatapsydrax dissimilisSphaeroidinellopsis seminulinaGlobotruncana aegyptiacaG. areaG. con fusaG. stuartiG. stuartiformisHeterohelix ultimatumidaPseudoguembelina excolataP. striataRacemiguembelina fructicosaAmphistegina cf. cubensisGyroidina florealisLepidorbitoides sp.Neoflabellina sp. aff. numismalisOperculina sp.Orbitoides spp.Siderolites sp.Nummulites sp.

ooTABLE 3A

Site 136, Cores 1 to 5. Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Nature of Residue, and Important Foraminifera

Zone orSubzone

Gr.

trun

c.G

. mar

gari

tae

G.

fohs

ipe

riph

eror

onda

?

Age

Qua

t.E

arly

Plio

cene

Mid

-Mio

cene

(tra

ns.

Ear

lyM

ioce

ne)

Ear

lyM

ioce

ne ?

9

Lat

eC

reta

ceou

s

DSDPSite 136

54° 10.13'N, 16° 18.19'WWater depth: 4169 m

DepthBelow Sea Level

(in meters)

130

139

216

225

235

244

244

253

253

262

C o r e -Section

bit

1-11-21-31-41-51-6ICC

2-12-22-32-52-62CC

3-23-33-43CC

4-14-24-34CC

5-15-15-55CC

SampleInterval(in cm)

120-122120-122120-122120-122120-122

95-97

120-122120-122bottom120-122120-122

120-122120-12292-94

86-8888-90

110-112

37-3975-7750-52

Plan

kton

ic f

oram

inif

era

Ben

thon

ic f

oram

inif

era

Ost

raco

daEc

hino

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spin

esM

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sk f

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ents

Rad

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ria

Dia

tom

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spi

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sand

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4

4

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4

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Plan

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1000

100100100100

10100100

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99

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ltisp

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Symbols:

TABLE 3BSite 136, Cores 5 to 8. Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Nature of Residue, and Important Foraminifera

TABLE 4ASite 137, Cores 1 to 7. Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Nature of Residue, and Important Foraminifera

TABLE 4BSite 137, Cores 8-12. Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Nature of Residue, and Important Foraminifera

TABLE 4CSite 137, Cores 13 to 16, SW. Core 1. Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Nature of Residue, and Important Foraminifera.


Zone orSubzone Age

7

?

DSDPSite 138

25° 55.37'N, 25° 33.79'WWater depth: 5288m

DepthBelow Sea Floor

(in meters)

52

61

110

119

183190

255264

332341

425

431

Core-Section

1-11-21-31-31-41-51-6ICC

2-12-22-32-42-52-62CC

3-13CC

4-14CC

5-15CC

6-16-26-36-3


120-122120-12275-77

120-122120-122120-122120-122

119-121120-122120-122120-122120-122120-122

122-124

33-35

118-120

121-12244-4610-12

120-122

Plan

kton

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oram

inif

era

Ben

thon

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oram

inif

era

Ost

raco

da

Ech

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ines

Mol

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fra

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Rad

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Plan

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Plan

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Solu

tion

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Glo

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Rem

arks

Symbols: abundant,(very strong)

common,(strong)

few,(moderate)

very scarce,(weak)


Zone orSubzone

G.

exili

s/m

ioc.

G.

mar

gari

tae

G.

fohs

iro

bust

aC.

sta

info

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r

Age

Lat

ePl

ioce

neE

arly

Plio

cene

Mid

dle

Mio

cene

7

Ear

ly M

ioce

neDSDPSite 139

23° 31.14'N, 18° 42.26'WWater depth: 3047 m


(in meters)

114

123

225

234

345354

455463

530

570576

607612

656

665

Core-Section

1-11-1ICC

2-12-22-32-42CC

3CC

4CC

SW. 1

5-15CC

6-16-1

7-17-27-37-47-57-67-67CC


120-122120-122

120-122120-122120-122120-122

136-138

17-1930-32

52-54121-123122-124128-130122-124114-116145-147

Plan

kton

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era

Ben

thon

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era

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Plan

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strong downhole contamination, s: thin section only.abundant, common, few, m very scarce(very strong) (strong) (moderate) (weak)

Symbols:


Campanianto Paleocene

in 44.1— CΛ

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116-118120-122120-122

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C. stainforthior C. dissimilis

Early Miocene

to toI— 0© t-*

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Zone or

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Depth

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eters)C

ore -

Section

Sam

pleInterval(in cm

)

21° 44

.97

'N, 21° 4

7.5

2'W

Water D

epth: 4483 m

DSD

P S

ite 140



Ostracoda

Echinoid spines

Mollusk fragments

Barnacle plates

Radiolaria

Diatoms

Sponge spicules

Fish debris

Plant remains

Quartz sand

Planktonic/benthonic rati 0

% foraminifera in > 80 mesh fraction

Solution effects

Catapsydrax dissimilis

Globigerina praebulloides

G, venezuelana

Globigerinoides obliquus si.G. ruberG. subquadratusG. trilobus s.l.Globoquadrina altispiraGq. praedehiscensGlobigerinatella insuetaOrbulina universaSphaeroidinella dehiscensGloborotalia acostaensisG. crassaformis s. str.G. crassaformis rondaG. cultrata s.l.G. exilisG. fohsi peripherorondaG. humerosaG. margaritae (large)G. mayeriG. miocenicaG. multicamerataG. pertenuisG. pseudopimaAmmonia beccariiBathysiphon spp.Bolivina spp.Clavulina cf. arenataElphidium cf. macellumEpistominella sp.Glomospira gordialisGyroidina spp.Haplophragmoides sp.Lituotuba sp.Pararotalia spp.Pelosina complanataRzehakina epigona lataSpiroplectammina carinataS. mexiaensisTrochamminoides inegularisUvigerina spp.Verneuilinoides sp.Vulvulina sp.

Remarksa

ac: strong downhole contamination.

Symbols: abundant,(very strong)

A common,(strong)

# few,(moderate)

very scarce,(weak)

TABLE 8BSite 141, Cores 5 to 9, SW. Core 1. Foraminiferal Biostràtigraphy, Nature of Residue, and Important Foraminifera

11 Early Pliocene or

° '^ | Late Miocene

287

I

o

t θ H-»o voO i—

C^ Cn 4*. OJ to k->

n

to to to to to9 9 9 9 9to to to to toto to to to to

•

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.^ .^ .^ .^ $

t o i—'OJ - J

OO 00 CJO 00 00

O to to ^ iLn

85-87135-13760-62

120-122

"J

o

"toO • J O O O

00 -J00 ^O

5-7120-122

5-7120-122

5-7120-122120-122120-122

53-55

S ^ to•̂3 .-o .,3 ,a ,a O IΛ t/« £J o

(0)

(0) OT (0)

(OT)

(08)

(08) 06 (08) 06

..j

G. margaritae

Early Pilocene

Os CΛ

00 vo

n *""

75150120-122120-122120-122

5-7120-122

H* h-» K) M h-

O O O O O O O O

OsoososososooO o c soooo

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( Λ l/i Ui Oi Ln ( Λ t/i

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120-122120-122120-122120-122120-122120-122

1000500200500500500200

SO SO O SO so O O

so so o so so o o

•

Zon

e orS

ubso

ne

Age

Depth

Below

Sea F

loo

r(in m

eters)C

ore

-S

ection

Sam

pleIn

terval(in cm

)

-

19° 2

5.1

6'N

, 23° 5

9.9

1'W

Water d

epth

: 4148 m

DS

DP

Site 141



Ostracoda

Echinoid remains

Mollusk fragments

Radiolaria

Diatoms

Sponge spicules

Fish debris

Plant remains

Quartz sand



Solution effects

Candeina nitida

Globigerina venezuelana

G. nepenthes

Globigerinoides conglobatus

•••

•••••. • >J - O

•

•

*

>>S

. . . .

•

•

•

•

••*... ...

•*•. . .

••o

. . . Φ

>3

T3 α t>

•••••• ...

••. ... .•

•

•. . .

•

T3 T3 T3

G. cf. fistulosus

G. obliquus obliquus

G. obliquus extremus

G. ruber

Globoquadrina altispira

G. dehiscens

Globorotalia acostaensis

G. crassaformis s.s.

G. crassaformis ronda

G. crassula viola

G. cultrata

G. ex His

G. humerosa

G. margaritae (small)

G. miocenica

G. multicamerataG. pertenuis

G. pseudopima

G. tumida

Orbulina universa

Pulleniatina primalisSphaeroidinella dehiscens

Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina

S. paenedehiscens

Ammodiscus incertus

Ammoglobigerina sp.

Bathysiphon sp.

Cyclammina cf. deformis

Gaudryina cf. bentonensis

Glomospira charoides

G. gordialis

Gyroidina spp.Haplophragmoides eggeri

H. d.foliaceus

Laticarinina sp.Pelosina dubiaStilostomella spp.Trochamminoides irregulans

Remarksa

a p: foraminifera partially determined.

Symbols: • abundant, Λ common,(very strong) (strong)

few,(moderate)

very scarce,(weak)


Zone orSubzone

G.

trun

catu

linoi

des

G.

mar

gari

tae

Age

Qua

tern

ary

Ear

ly P

lioc

ene

DSDP Site 142

3° 22.15'N, 42° 23.49'WWater depth: 4372 m


(in meters)

98

106

200

209

293

301

369

376

423

429

C o r e -Section

1-11-21-31-41-51-6I C C

2-12-22-22-32-42CC

3-13-13CC

4-14-24-34-44-54CC

5-15-15-15CC


120-122120-122120-122120-122120-122

90-92

135-13760-62

120-12260-62

137-139

63-65136-138

120-122120-122120-122120-122120-122

28-3064-66

108-110

Pla

nkt

onic

for

amin

ifer

aB

enth

onic

for

amin

ifer

aO

stra

coda

Ech

inoi

d re

mai

ns

Mol

lusk

rem

ain

sB

ryoz

oaC

alca

reou

s al

gae

Rad

iola

ria

Dia

tom

sS

pon

ge s

picu

les

Fis

h d

ebri

sP

lant

rem

ain

sQ

uart

z sa

nd

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• ?A . . . A .

4 4

4 4

•

4

A• ?A «

• *

• .

• .

• .

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• .

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Pla

nkt

onic

/ben

thon

ic r

atio

20100

1000100

1000100

50

100500500100

1000200

10007

20

200100010001000500500

500100500

50

°/o

fora

min

ifer

a in

> 8

0 m

esh

frac

tion

90959595

1009580

9095

10010010098

100(2)90

100100100100100100

809990

100

Sol

utio

n ef

fect

s

(•)•A

•

•

•

A

•

•7

A

•

•

A

•

Can

dein

a ni

tida

Glo

bige

rina

d

ute

rtre

iG

. ve

nezu

elan

aG

lobi

geri

noid

es

con

glob

atu

sG

. ob

liqu

us

obli

quu

sG

. ob

liqu

us

extr

emu

sG

. ru

ber

Glo

boqu

adri

na

altis

pira

Glo

boro

talia

ac

osta

ensi

sG

. co

nom

ioze

aG

. cr

assa

form

is

s.s.

G.

cras

safo

rmis

A

G.

cras

sula

G.

cultr

ata

G.

exili

sG

. hu

mer

osa

G.

mar

gari

tae

(sm

all)

G.

mul

tica

mer

ata

G.

pert

enu

isG

. ps

eudo

pim

aG

. tr

unca

tulin

oide

sG

. cf

. tu

mid

alpl

esio

tum

ida

Orb

ulin

a un

iver

saP

ulle

niat

ina

fina

lisP

. ob

liqui

locu

lata

P.

prim

alis

Sph

aero

idin

ella

deh

isce

ns s

.s.

S. d

ehis

cens

f.

"im

mat

ura"

Sph

aero

idin

ello

psis

se

min

ulin

aS.

pa

ened

ehis

cens

Am

phis

tegi

na

sp.

Ang

ulog

erin

a sp

.B

oliv

ina

spp

.E

pist

omin

ella

sp

.G

yroi

dina

te

nera

Hap

loph

ragm

oide

s sp

.

•. . . . .• . ....... . ? β . . .

• ? . ? . * • • •• ? . . . . . . . . 7•. . ? . . . . A A

• . . . . .

. . . . . . A .

. . . . . . . . . .

• ••••• . ? •. . . . . . . . . . . .

•. . . . . . . . . . . . •>•

. . . . . . . 7 . . . . . . . . . .

? . . . . .. . . . . . . .

edEfl

Xua

εV

&

PP

n

n

P

n

P

a n : foraminifera not determined; p: foraminifera partially determined.abundant, A common, few, t very scarce,(very strong) (strong) (moderate) (weak)Symbols:

TABLE 9BSite 142, Core 6 to total depth. Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Nature of Residue, and Important Foraminifera

Zone orSubzone

G.

acos

taen

sis

or

G.

"du

tert

rei"

Glo

bige

rina

-te

lla i

nsue

ta

Age

Lat

e M

ioce

ne o

rE

arly

Plio

cene

Lat

e M

ioce

neM

iddl

e (t

o L

ate

?)M

iddl

eE

arly

Mio

cene

DSDP Site 142

3° 22.15' N, 42° 23.49'WWater depth: 4372 m


(in meters)

451

457

479

487

529

538

575

581

9

Core-Section

6-16-16-26-26-26-26CC

7-17-27-37-47-57-67CC

8-18-18-18-18-28-28CC

9-19-29-29-39CC

c. bit bel


36-38120-122

8-1090-92

128-130143-145

108-11080-8353-55

120-122120-122120-122

0-240-42

108-110143-14555-5793-95

62-648-10

92-9480-82

ow c. g.

Pla

nkto

nic

fora

min

ifer

aB

enth

onic

for

amin

ifer

aO

stra

coda

Ech

inoi

d re

mai

ns

MoU

usk

frag

men

tsB

ryoz

oaC

alca

reou

s al

gae

Rad

iola

ria

Dia

tom

sS

pon

ge s

picu

les

Fis

h de

bris

Pla

nt f

ragm

ents

Qua

rtz

sand

• .A . .• *A .•A A

A A .

•A « >

•• .A . .

A *

•

A .

•A••« >A A•A .•A . .

(•)

Pla

nkt

onic

/ben

thon

ic r

atio

15

1010512

10001000

2001000100010001000

50010

100100

10V,Vs

5020

2002

200

?

°/o

fora

min

ifer

a in

> 8

0 m

esh

frac

tion

6080

1009595

10098

100100100100100100100

10080

100100905080

901009970

100

7

Sol

utio

n ef

fect

s

A

•

•

A

•

•

•

•

•

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

•

•

•

•

Can

dein

a ni

tida

Cat

apsy

drax

di

ssim

ilis

Glo

bige

rina

ne

pent

hes

G.

vene

zuel

ana

Glo

bige

rino

ides

co

nglo

batu

sG

. ob

liqu

us

obli

quus

G.

obli

quus

ex

trem

usG

. ru

ber

G.

sica

nus

G.

subq

uadr

atus

Glo

boqu

adri

na a

ltisp

ira

s.s.

G.

altis

pira

glo

bosa

G.

dehi

sce n

sG

lobi

geri

nate

lla i

nsue

taG

lobi

geri

nita

sp

.G

lobo

rota

lia

acos

taen

sis

G. b

irna

gae

G.

cult

rata

G.

fohs

i pe

riph

eror

onda

G.

fohs

i pr

aefo

hsi

G.

hum

eros

aG

. m

arga

rita

e (s

mal

l)G

. m

ayer

iG

. le

ngua

ensi

sG

. ps

eudo

mio

ceni

caG

. cf

. tu

mid

a Ip

lesi

otum

ida

Orb

ulin

a un

iver

saS

phae

roid

inel

lops

is

sem

inul

ina

S. p

aene

dehi

scen

sA

mph

iste

gina

sp

.A

ngul

oger

ina

sp.

Bat

hysi

phon

sp

.B

oliv

ina

spp

.C

ycla

mm

ina

sp.

Elp

hidi

um s

p.E

pist

omin

ella

sp

.

• ? . . 9 . . . .

. . . ? . . . «

. . . * • • . ? . . ? . A

. . . . . 44* « . > . <

• 4

» ? . . .»>»>

• . . . . . 7 . . ? . . »9. . .• . . . . . . #

? 7 . . .7

. .• . . . . . 7 7 «

•7 .

cβ

JSuCO

εD

P

PP

n

r?

r?

P

n

c

a c: strong downhole contamination, n: foraminifera not determined, p: foraminifera partially determined, r: reworking,abundant, A common, # few, # very scarce(very strong) (strong) (moderate) (weak)Symbols:


DSDP Site 143

9° 28.45'N, 54° 18.71'WWater depth: 3493 m

Zone orSubzone Age


(in meters)Core-Section


oram

inif

e

ram

inif

e

ankt

onic

enth

onic

oid

sk olit

olar

rac

in

Be

Os

Ec M Cop

ro

Rad

iol

cong

loba

tus

Glo

bige

rino

ide

eagl

efo

loid

e

lifer

talia

atul

lobo

ro

trun

ca

tum

ida

lobi

geri

n

sp.

Hed

berg

ella

am

abi

plan

ispi

ra

sp.

inim

a

la in na

tom

in

ella

mm

G.

Gl

G.

G.

Gl

G.

He

H.

H.

Ep Fl

Ne

Alb

ian-

Cen

oman

ian 14

25

A MA MAl-2

114-116139-141100-102

Al outside linerAlCCAlCC

(gray)(yell.-brn.)

77•AA

(A)

(•) ( ' ) ( • )( • ) ( • ) ( • ) ( • ) ( • ) ( • ) ( • )(•)(')(•) (') 0)

ac: strong downhole contamination.abundant, A common, few, . very scarce,(very strong) (strong) (moderate) (weak)Symbols:

TABLE 11ASite 144, Cores Bl to A2. Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Nature of Residue, and Important Foraminifera

•

•• •• •

••

•• •

••

••T3 T3 3 3 3 T3

•

•

3 3 3 3 3 3

. . .

# #••

''J

•

'3 3 3 T3 T3 O

••••

•

T3 T3 T3 T3 T3 T3

••...

•

—S / - \ ^S

«^ .̂̂ >^>

•

V ^ - _ ' <W< ^

- w ' > ^ ' •<^

/ ~ - /—»

^ ^ ^ ^ >

3 3

T3 T3 O O O

Cassigerinella chipolensis

Catapsydrax dissimilis

Chiloguembelina cubensis

C. martini

Globigerina ampliapertura

G. nepenthes

G. senni

G. venezuelana

Globigerinoides conglobatus

G. obliquus obliquus

G. obliquus extremus

G. ruber

G. saccu lifer

Globigerinatheka barri

Globoquadrina altispira

Globorotalia crassata

G. cultrata

G. ex His

G. fohsi peripheroacuta

G. gemma

G. miocenica

G. pomeroli

Gr. renzi

G. truncatulinoides

G. tumida

G. wilsoni

Hantkenina longispina

Pseudohastigerina barbadoensis

P. micra

Orbulina universa

Sphaeroidinella dehiscens

Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina

Truncorotaloides rohri

T. topilensis

Remarksa

ac: strong downhole contamination; n: foraminifera not determined; p: foraminifera partially determined.Svmb 1 • abundant, A common, # few, # very scarce,

HO

(very strong) (strong) (moderate) (weak)

0 0TABLE HB

Site 144, Cores 1 to A4. Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Nature of Residue, and Important Foraminifera

180

R

•

•

•

/lOO

VO

en

G. forn ica ta-stuartiform is

Late Campanian to Early Maestrichtian

Tv

t o

100-

oto

•

•

VO

1—»OJN>

O J

>•

•

•

<

VO

O

L4-1

98-

oo

;

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100100

166

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•

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00

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to

35-

>•

•

•

•

©

VO00

162109-

•

•

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vooo

149

•>3CC

100

VOVO

>O J

120-

toto

enO

VOVO

>3-5135-

OOS

100 «

>3-5129-

OJ

oos

100 |«

>

to

•

1000100

1

>OJ

CΛ

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100 1

>

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98-1

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96-C

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(500)100

1

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oo

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1

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to©

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•

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100

vc00

G. pseudomenardii

Late Paleocene

>OJ

OJ

120-1

toto

OOS

100

>OJ

to

to

to

oos

100 |«

o

>O J

120-1

toto

500

VOVO

•

to

to

R

•

•

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100

•

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bottc

3

•

•

•

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100

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*

•

•

500

VOVO

o

to

bottc

3

•

•

•

500100

asCΛ

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200

©

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Orbulinoidesbeckmanni

Middle Eocene

as

to

ototo

•

200

©

CΛ

120-1

toto

002

VO

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90-9

to

200

VO

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•

•

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00©

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o

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VO

en

•

•

SS

Age

tβ

Depth

ow Sea F

lo(in m

eters)

o

CΛ /-sn l •lore -

ction

Sam

jIn

tec(in ci

B? tO7.23'N, 54°

ter dep

th:

£gCΛ O~> CΛ

3 4


Benthonic foraminiferaOstracodaEchinoid spines

Mollusk fragments

RadiolariaDiatomsSponge spicules

Fish debrisPlant remainsQuartz sand

DSD

P S

ite



Catapsydrax dissimilis s.l.

Chiloguembelina martiniGlobigerina velascoensis

G. senni

•

•>s

*

*

•

•

•

*

•

••* *

•>S

•

•

. . .

•

*

•••

••* *•

* ' *

••

•. . .

•

•

• . . .•

•

. . .*.... ...•. . .•* *•

• * .*

• *•

o 3 "J T3 T3

•••

••

•

3 3 o

•

•

•

3 3 T3 3

Globigerinelloides yaucoensisGloborotalia aequaG. crassataG. ehrenbergiG. pomeroliG. pusilla pusillaG. pusilla laevigataG. pseudomenardiiG. renziG. trinidadensisG. uncinataG. velascoensisG. whiteiGlobotruncana aegyptiacaG. caliciformis

G. fornicataG. havanensisG. linneianaG. plummeraeG. stephensoniG. areaG. stuartiformisG. tricarinataHeterohelix globulosaH. punctulataH. ultimatumidaOrbulinoides beckmanniPseudoguembelina costulataRugoglobigerina hexacamerataR. rugosaRugotruncana subpennyiTruncorotaloides rohriT. topilensis

Aragonia velacoensisBolivina incrassataBolivinoides delicatulusBulimina arkadelphianaB. taylorensisNeoflabellina sp. aff. numismalisPyramidina szajnochaeRzehakina epigona lata

Remarksa

Co

ac: strong downhole contamination, n: foraminifera not determined, p: foraminifera partially determined, r: reworking.Symbols- • abundant, A common, # few, , very scarce,

(very strong) (strong) (moderate) (weak)

HO

toO

TABLE 11CSite 144, Cores A5 to 8. Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy, Nature of Residue and Important Foraminifera

Zone orSubzone

1K

Sj

DSDP Site 144

9° 27.23'N, 54° 20,52'WWater Depth: 2957 m

Age

Con

iaci

an —

? S

anto

nian

Lat

e C

eno-

man

ian

—E

arly

Tur

onia

n

Alb

ian

toE

arly

Cen

oman

ian

Alb

ian

(or

Lat

e A

ptia

n ?)


(in meters)

180

189

189

197

213

219

264

270

295

298

298

300

32 5

327

Core -Section

A5-1A5-1A5 CC

A6-1A6-1A6CC

4-14-24-34CC

5-15-15 CC

6-16-16-16-16-16CC

7-17-17-1

8-18-28-38CC


128-130138-140

113-115136-138

120-122120-122

34-36108-110

10-1220-2227-2830-32

134-137

94-96128-130147-149

90?138-140

80-82

Pla

nkto

nic

fora

min

ifer

aB

enth

onic

for

amin

ifer

aO

stra

coda

Ech

inoi

d re

mai

nsM

ollu

sks

Rad

iola

ria

Dia

tom

sS

pong

e sp

ièul

esFi

sh d

ebri

sP

lant

rem

ains

Qua

rtz

sand

A( ) ? ?A ?A . ?

• .A•A

AA

A .

• . .A * . .

• A. . A•

• A(•) ? *• *( . ) . . . . ( . ) . ? .

. * . A

•. . A

.• . . •

Pla

nkto

nic/

bent

honi

c ra

tio

(oo)(oo)

200

1000500

50

8 8

8 8

3

10

00

(0)0

(0)00

0(0)

VlO

°/o

fora

min

ifer

a in

> 8

0 m

esh

frac

tion

953050

956050

10020

10060

500

50

00

8065

(5)(S)(2)

0(5)(2)50

Sol

utio

n ef

fect

sG

lobi

geri

nell

oide

s be

n to

nens

isG

. ca

seyi

Glo

botr

unca

na

diffo

rmis

G.

cf.

forn

icat

aG

. in

dica

G.

renz

iG

. ve

ntri

cosa

pri

mit

iva

Gue

mbe

litr

ia h

arri

siH

edbe

rgel

la

amab

ilis

H.

brit

tone

nsis

H.

delr

ioen

sis

H. g

auti

eren

sis

H.

plan

ispi

raH

. w

ashi

tens

isH

eter

ohel

ix c

f.

friz

zell

iH

. glo

bulo

saH

. m

orem

ani

H.

pulc

hra

H.

reus

siC

opto

cam

pylo

don

line

olat

usD

isco

rbis

min

utis

sim

aE

pist

omin

a la

cuno

saL

enti

culi

na

saxo

cret

acea

L.

cf.

tayl

oren

sis

Lin

guli

na n

odos

aria

Lit

uola

sub

good

land

ensi

sN

eobu

lim

ina

min

ima

Pat

elli

na

subc

reta

cea

Qui

nque

locu

lina

sab

ella

Spir

ople

ctam

min

a al

exan

deri

Tex

tula

ria

rioe

nsis

T. w

ashi

tens

isV

alvu

line

ria

plum

mer

aen.

gen

. (f

am.

Orb

itol

inid

ae?)

• ?• . ? 9

? .7

? ••7 . ?

• ? 7

? . . .

. 7 .

?

7

7• 7 . . * . . . .

Rem

arks

a

P

P

ssss

c

strong downhole contamination, p: foraminifera partially determined, s: thin section only,abundant, common, few, # very scarce(very strong) (strong) (moderate) (weak)

Symbols:

13. THE FORAMINIFERA AND SOME ASSOCIATED ...Tertiary is essentially that proposed by Bolli (1957b,...

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Transcript of 13. THE FORAMINIFERA AND SOME ASSOCIATED ...Tertiary is essentially that proposed by Bolli (1957b,...