13장 Newton의 중력 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/korea/chayjunegone1/... · 2016....
Transcript of 13장 Newton의 중력 - KOCWcontents.kocw.net/KOCW/document/2013/korea/chayjunegone1/... · 2016....
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Copyright statement
• The images and the pictures in this lecture are provided by the CDs accompanied by the books
1. University Physics, Bauer and Westfall,
McGraw-Hill, 2011.
2. Principles of Physics, Halliday, Resnick,
and Walker, Wiley, 8th and 9th Ed.
• The rest is made by me.
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Chap. 12 Gravitation
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Newton’s law of gravitation
Gravitation constant G
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Newton’s shell theorem Shell theorem (1) 공 모양의 균일한 껍질은 마치 모든 질량이 중심에 모여있는 것처럼 외부의 입자를 잡아당긴다. (2) 공 모양의 균일한 껍질 내부에 있는 입자는 이 껍질에 의한 중력이 상쇄되어 없어진다.
중력과 중첩원리
연속적인 물체의 경우
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Sample prob.
dmr
GmdF
2
1
drL
Mdm N100.3
)(
101
2
1
dLd
MGm
r
dr
L
MGmdFF
dL
d
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지표면 근처의 중력
이유 (1) 지구는 균일하지 않다.
(2) 지구는 타원체이다.
(3) 지구는 자전하고 있다.
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지구가 자전하면?
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지구 내부의 중력
껍질 정리에 의하면 중력은 작용하지 않는다.
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Sample prob.
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Gravitational potential energy
무한대에서의 값을 0으로 정할 때
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특징 (1) 중첩
(2) 경로에 무관
(3) Potential energy와 힘
(4) Escape velocity
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Kepler의 법칙
1. 궤도법칙: 행성은 태양을 초점으로 하는 타원궤도를 돈다.
장축 (major axis) 이심률 (eccentricity) (지구: 0.0167)
e=0.74
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2. 면적법칙: 면적속도는 항상 일정하다.
각운동량 보존과 동등
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3. 주기법칙:
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Sample prob.
(a) 원일점(aphelion) 거리
(b) 궤도의 이심률 e
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위성: 궤도와 에너지
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Problem 1
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Problem 2
a, b, c에서 질량 m에 대한 중력 구하기
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Problem 3: 블랙홀 찾기
Tmrmram
r
mGm
21
2
112
21
21
21
mm
rmr
v
rT 12
sMG
Tv
mm
m47.3
2)(
3
2
21
3
2
(?)92 holeblackMm s
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Problem 4