127170 muscular-system

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MUSCULAR SYSTEMMUSCULAR SYSTEM


Functions:Functions:

1. Movement of body parts1. Movement of body parts

2. Provide form and shape2. Provide form and shape

3. Heat production3. Heat production


General ClassificationGeneral Classification

Skeletal Muscle - striated, voluntarySkeletal Muscle - striated, voluntary

Cardiac Muscle - striated, involuntaryCardiac Muscle - striated, involuntary

Smooth Muscle - non-striated, involuntarySmooth Muscle - non-striated, involuntary

SKELETAL MUSCLESSKELETAL MUSCLES

SKELETAL MUSCLESSKELETAL MUSCLES General Characteristics:General Characteristics:

I. AttachmentsI. Attachments

Origin InsertionOrigin Insertion

II. StructureII. Structure

BellyBelly

Tendon orTendon or AponeurosisAponeurosis


Criteria for NomenclatureCriteria for Nomenclature1. Attachment1. Attachment

ex) Sternocleidomastoidex) Sternocleidomastoid

TemporalisTemporalis

2. Function2. Function

extensor or flexorextensor or flexor

abductor or adductorabductor or adductor

SKELETAL MUSCLESSKELETAL MUSCLES Criteria for NomenclatureCriteria for Nomenclature

3. Length3. Length

longus or brevislongus or brevis

4. Relative Position4. Relative Position

lateral or mediallateral or medial

superior or inferiorsuperior or inferior

internal or externalinternal or external


Criteria for NomenclatureCriteria for Nomenclature

5. Size5. Size

maximus or minimusmaximus or minimus

major or minormajor or minor


Criteria for NomenclatureCriteria for Nomenclature

6. Orientation of Fibers6. Orientation of Fibers

rectus, oblique, or transverserectus, oblique, or transverse

parallel or fusiformparallel or fusiform

convergentconvergent

pennate (uni, bi, or multipennate)pennate (uni, bi, or multipennate)

circularcircular


Muscle GroupingsMuscle Groupings

Prime Movers/AgonistsPrime Movers/Agonists

AntagonistsAntagonists

SynergistsSynergists

FixatorsFixators

Shunt Muscle – resists dislocationShunt Muscle – resists dislocation

Spurt Muscle – rapid & effectiveSpurt Muscle – rapid & effective


Associated Connective TissuesAssociated Connective Tissues

1. Endomysium1. Endomysium

2. Perimysium2. Perimysium

3. Epimysium3. Epimysium

3. Fascia – Superficial3. Fascia – Superficial

DeepDeep

SKELETAL MUSCLESSKELETAL MUSCLES InnervationInnervation

Muscle FiberMuscle Fiber

Motor Unit = Motor Motor Unit = Motor NeuronNeuron

Muscle FiberMuscle Fiber

Coarse MovementsCoarse Movements

Fine MovementsFine Movements

Muscle ToneMuscle Tone


OrganizationOrganization

A. Muscles of the Axial SkeletonA. Muscles of the Axial Skeleton

1. Muscles of Head & Neck1. Muscles of Head & Neck

Facial ExpressionFacial Expression

MasticationMastication

Extraocular MusclesExtraocular Muscles

Lingual MusclesLingual Muscles

Muscles of the NeckMuscles of the Neck


OrganizationOrganizationA. Muscles of the Axial SkeletonA. Muscles of the Axial Skeleton

2. Muscles of the Torso2. Muscles of the Torso Respiratory MusclesRespiratory Muscles Abdominal Wall MusclesAbdominal Wall Muscles Muscles of the BackMuscles of the Back Muscles of the Pelvic Muscles of the Pelvic

FloorFloor


OrganizationOrganization

B. Muscles of the Appendicular SkeletonB. Muscles of the Appendicular Skeleton

1. Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle1. Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle

2. Muscles of the Upper Extremity2. Muscles of the Upper Extremity

3. Muscles of the Buttocks3. Muscles of the Buttocks

3. Muscles of the Lower Extremity3. Muscles of the Lower Extremity

CARDIAC MUSCLESCARDIAC MUSCLES(MYOCARDIUM)(MYOCARDIUM)

CARDIAC MUSCLESCARDIAC MUSCLES

General CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics

behaves as a single unitbehaves as a single unit

all-or-none contractionall-or-none contraction

pacemaker stimulatedpacemaker stimulated

under autonomic under autonomic innervationinnervation

possess intercalated discspossess intercalated discs

SMOOTH (VISCERAL) MUSCLESSMOOTH (VISCERAL) MUSCLES

SMOOTH MUSCLESSMOOTH MUSCLES Classification:Classification:

A. Arrangement of FibersA. Arrangement of Fibers

1. Circular1. Circular

2. Longitudinal2. Longitudinal

3. Oblique3. Oblique

SMOOTH MUSCLESSMOOTH MUSCLES

Classification:Classification: B. FunctionB. Function

1. Single-unit = myogenic electrical1. Single-unit = myogenic electricalactivityactivity

ex) Uterine Contractionsex) Uterine Contractions Peristalsis of GIT & GUTPeristalsis of GIT & GUT

SMOOTH MUSCLESSMOOTH MUSCLES Classification:Classification:

2. Multi-unit = individual stimulation of2. Multi-unit = individual stimulation of

muscle fibersmuscle fibers

ex) Arrector Pili Musclesex) Arrector Pili Muscles


Clinical ConditionsClinical ConditionsA. Symptoms of Muscular DisordersA. Symptoms of Muscular Disorders

1. Weakness or Paresis1. Weakness or Paresis

2. Muscle Pain2. Muscle Pain

3. Loss of Muscle Mass 3. Loss of Muscle Mass


Clinical ConditionsClinical ConditionsB. Functional Muscular ConditionsB. Functional Muscular Conditions

1. Strain1. Strain

2. Atrophy2. Atrophy

3. Hypertrophy3. Hypertrophy

4. Cramps4. Cramps

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMCIRCULATORY SYSTEM


FunctionsFunctions

1. Transport = Respiration1. Transport = Respiration

NutritionNutrition

ExcretionExcretion

2. Regulation 2. Regulation

3. Protection3. Protection


ComponentsComponents

1. Heart1. Heart

2. Blood Vessels2. Blood Vessels

a) Arteriesa) Arteries

b) Capillariesb) Capillaries

c) Veinsc) Veins

3. Blood3. Blood


HeartHeart

2 Sides:2 Sides: Right Side = Venous BloodRight Side = Venous Blood

Left Side = Arterial Left Side = Arterial BloodBlood

4 Chambers: 2 Atria4 Chambers: 2 Atria

2 Ventricles2 Ventricles

4 Valves: Tricuspid & Pulmonic Valves4 Valves: Tricuspid & Pulmonic Valves

Mitral & Aortic ValvesMitral & Aortic Valves


Blood VesselsBlood VesselsA. LayersA. Layers

1. Tunica Externa/CT Layer1. Tunica Externa/CT Layer

2. Tunica Media/Muscular 2. Tunica Media/Muscular LayerLayer

3. Tunica Intima/Endothelial 3. Tunica Intima/Endothelial LayerLayer

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMCIRCULATORY SYSTEM Arterial SystemArterial System

Characteristics:Characteristics:

- carry blood from heart to - carry blood from heart to tissuestissues

- divide into “branches”- divide into “branches”

- arterioles- arterioles

- anastomosis- anastomosis


Arterial SystemArterial System

Major Arteries:Major Arteries:

1. Aorta = Arch, Thoracic & Abdominal1. Aorta = Arch, Thoracic & Abdominal

2. Arteries of Head & Neck2. Arteries of Head & Neck

3. Arteries of the Upper Extremities3. Arteries of the Upper Extremities

4. Arteries of the Pelvis & Lower Extremities4. Arteries of the Pelvis & Lower Extremities


Arterial SystemArterial System

Anatomical End ArteriesAnatomical End Arteries

- branches do not - branches do not anastomoseanastomose

Functional End ArteriesFunctional End Arteries

- branches anastomose but- branches anastomose but

insufficientinsufficient


Venous SystemVenous System

CharacteristicsCharacteristics

- convey blood to heart from - convey blood to heart from tissuestissues

- possess valves- possess valves

- venules- venules

- formed by “tributaries”- formed by “tributaries”

- “venous plexuses- “venous plexuses

- vena comitantes- vena comitantes


Venous SystemsVenous Systems

A. Systemic Venous SystemA. Systemic Venous System

B. Portal Venous SystemB. Portal Venous System

- interposed between two capillary - interposed between two capillary bedsbeds

- sinusoids- sinusoids



Factors that assist blood flow:Factors that assist blood flow:

1. Gravity1. Gravity

2. Muscular 2. Muscular ContractionsContractions

3. Presence of Valves3. Presence of Valves



Major Veins:Major Veins:

A) Tributaries to Superior Vena CavaA) Tributaries to Superior Vena Cava

1. Veins draining the Head & Neck1. Veins draining the Head & Neck

2. Veins of Upper Extremities2. Veins of Upper Extremities

3. Veins of the Thorax3. Veins of the Thorax

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMCIRCULATORY SYSTEM Venous SystemVenous System


B) Tributaries to Inferior Vena CavaB) Tributaries to Inferior Vena Cava

1. Veins of the Abdominal Wall1. Veins of the Abdominal Wall

2. Veins of the Kidneys2. Veins of the Kidneys

3. Veins of the Lower Extremities3. Veins of the Lower Extremities




C) Tributaries to the Portal VeinC) Tributaries to the Portal Vein

1. Veins of the Gastrointestinal Tract1. Veins of the Gastrointestinal Tract

2. Veins of the Spleen & Pancreas2. Veins of the Spleen & Pancreas


CapillariesCapillaries

Types: Types:

a) Continuous (muscles, lungs, fatty tissues)a) Continuous (muscles, lungs, fatty tissues)b) Fenestrated (kidneys, small intestines)b) Fenestrated (kidneys, small intestines)c) Sinusoids (liver, spleen)c) Sinusoids (liver, spleen)

Arteriovenous AnastomosesArteriovenous Anastomoses

LYMPHATIC SYSTEMLYMPHATIC SYSTEM


Functions:Functions:

1. Transport1. Transport

2. Fat Absorption2. Fat Absorption

3. Defense3. Defense



1. Lymph Capillaries1. Lymph Capillaries

2. Lymph Ducts2. Lymph Ducts

a) Thoracic Ducta) Thoracic Duct

b) Right Lymphatic b) Right Lymphatic DuctDuct



3. Lymphatic Organs3. Lymphatic Organs

a) Lymph Nodes a) Lymph Nodes

filters lymphfilters lymph

produce produce lymphocyteslymphocytes

b) Spleenb) Spleen

c) Thymusc) Thymus

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127170 muscular-system

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