124138375 AVO and Seismic Inversion
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23 27 June 2013, Abu Dhabi Your Expert Trainer: Piet Gerritsma Piet joined Shell in 1969 as a research geophysicist in Rijswijk (The Netherlands) and Houston (USA). He acquired operational experience as processing and special studies geophysicist in Brunei and in Canada. He was Shell's representative in international research consortia: SEP (Stanford), DELPHI (Delft University of Technology) and IFP (Institut Francais du Petrole); he also served as associate editor of Geophysical Prospecting on Migration, Modelling and Inversion. During his Shell career he has always lectured at both basic as well as advanced level covering a broad range of topics. He left Shell in 1999 after 30 years of service. Learn what others have said about his courses: “A relevant up to date and well run course” Managing Director, Farcape P. L. “It was good, precise, comprehensive” Research Technologist, Talisman Energy “The course introduced to me many important theoretical concepts” Geophysicist, Fugro Seismic Imaging “This course was well organized” Geophysicist, Petronas Carigali lease visit us for more information: www.petroedgeasia.net
Transcript of 124138375 AVO and Seismic Inversion
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23 – 27 June 2013, Abu Dhabi
Your Expert Trainer: Piet Gerritsma
Piet joined Shell in 1969 as a research geophysicist in Rijswijk (The Netherlands) and Houston (USA). He
acquired operational experience as processing and special studies geophysicist in Brunei and in Canada.
He was Shell's representative in international research consortia: SEP (Stanford), DELPHI (DelftUniversity of Technology) and IFP (Institut Francais du Petrole); he also served as associate editor of
Geophysical Prospecting on Migration, Modelling and Inversion. During his Shell career he has always
lectured at both basic as well as advanced level covering a broad range of topics. He left Shell in 1999
after 30 years of service.
Learn what others have said about his courses:
“A relevant up to date and well run course” Managing Director, Farcape P. L.
“It was good, precise, comprehensive” Research Technologist, Talisman Energy
“The course introduced to me many important theoretical concepts” Geophysicist, Fugro Seismic Imaging
“This course was well organized” Geophysicist, Petronas Carigali
lease visit us for more information:
www.petroedgeasia.net
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AVO and Seismic Inversion23 – 27 June 2013, Abu Dhabi
Course Description
This 5 days training course starts with a discussion of new developments in seismic data acquisition that have an impact
on the accuracy of the AVO attributes, e.g. long offsets, wide-azimuth geometries and broadband data acquisition. It
deals with elastic constants, wave propagation, boundary conditions, rock physics, and fluid substitution algorithms. It
gives an overview of the factors that affect seismic amplitudes and of proper ways to process the seismic data such thatamplitude information is preserved, which is then followed by the extraction of the relevant attributes and their
interpretation. All aspects that are related with seismic inversion are dealt with, theoretical as well as practical. An AVO
workshop will be part of the course.
Seismic inversion is the process of converting seismic reflectivity data into (a) models of elastic properties of the
subsurface, or into (b) a quantitative rock-property description of a reservoir. Seismic inversion may be pre-stack or
post-stack, deterministic or geostatistical, and typically includes other reservoir measurements such as well logs and
cores. Using the Bayesian approach, in which all available information can be reconciled, a statistical assessment of the
desired reservoir properties can be obtained.
The choice for a specific seismic inversion techniques depends on the stage of development:1. Reconnaissance with no well control within the seismic
2. Exploration and appraisal with well control within the seismic
3. Focused reservoir characterization with well control and key reservoir parameters with their uncertainties.
The course consists of the following four chapters:
1. Rock physics: elasticity theory and the Gassmann equation
2. AVO: formulation, processing and derivation of attributes
3. Geostatistics: estimation of variables, probability theory and Bayesian statistics
4. Seismic inversion: elastic and lithologic and deterministic and stochastic
The course will deal with all aspects of deterministic and stochastic inversion.
By attending this 5 day training course, participants will get a full understanding and appreciation of:
Theory and practicalities of AVO analysis
interpretation of AVO attributes, and the various methods of seismic inversion
Statistical assessment of inversion results.
The following topics will be discussed:
1. Developments in acquisition geometries and
their impact on seismic data processing
2. Elastic constants, rock physics and wave
propagation velocities3. The wave equation, the boundary conditions
and the Zoeppritz equation
4. Seismic amplitude modeling
5. Processing for AVO analysis
6. True amplitude migration
7. Methods for data inversion
8. AVO inversion – elastic inversion
9. AVO case studies
10. Seismic-to-well matching
11. Bayesain approach to inversion – stochastic or
geostatistical inversion
12. 4D seismic
13. Seismic attributes
Who Should attend?
Geophysicists and interpreters or geologists who want to familiarize themselves with all aspects AVO (= amplitude
versus offset) and Seismic Inversion. This course will be able be of interest to persons who want to enhance structural
interpretation with QI = quantitative interpretation. The theory is based on first principles; the applications exploit the
latest developments in acquisition and processing and demonstrates how multi-disciplinary teams can shareinformation in a meaningful way.
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AVO and Seismic Inversion23 – 27 June 2013, Abu Dhabi
5 Day Course Outline
1. Developments in acquisition geometries and
hardware
Acquisition geometries
Acquisition parameters Spatial sampling
Arrays and point receivers
Data partitioning and offset vector tiling (OVT)
New developments in receivers:
- MEMS (micro electro-mechanical system)
devices
- Dual-sensor cables - GeoStreamer (PGS)
- Variable depth streamer – Broadseis
(CGGVeritas)
- ObliQ – sliding notch acquisition (Schlumberger)
- UniQ – point receivers (WesternGeco)- Isometrix – multi-sensor towed streamer
(WesternGeco)
New developments in sources:
- low-frequency and high-frequency vibrators
- productivity enhancement for vibrator seismic
(e.g. slip sweep)
- Time and depth distributed source – GeoSource
(PGS)
- low frequency sources
- simultaneous sources (blended seismic)
New developments in acquisition geometries:- multi-azimuth (MAZ) and full-azimuth (FAZ)
marine seismic
- coil shooting
- long offsets
2. Stress-strain relationships and elastic constants
Deformation and the strain tensor
Traction and the stress tensor
Stress-strain relations: Hooke’s law
Symmetry properties of the strain tensor, stress
tensor and stress-strain tensor The equation of motion and the wave equation
Definitions of elastic constants
Relationships between elastic constants
3. The wave equation, wave phenomena, rock physics
and the Gassmann equation
The acoustic wave equation
The elastic wave equation
P-waves and S-waves
The boundary conditions
Rock properties
The Gassmann equation to calculate effects of fluid
substitution
4. AVO/AVA
Factors affecting amplitudes
Example of normal incidence reflection and
transmission The boundary conditions
The Zoeppritz equations for reflection and
transmission coefficients
Approximate expressions for the reflection
coefficients
AVO modelling
Modelling of tuning effects and wavelet stretch
Processing for AVO analysis
Estimation of AVO parameters
Calculation and interpretation of AVO attributes
Crossplotting of AVO attributes and AVOclassification
5. True amplitude migration
6. Methods for data inversion
Linear least-squares estimation
Linear least-squares estimation and methods for
regularization
Damped least-squares estimation with the
Marquardt-Levenberg method
Singular Value Decomposition (SVD)
Resolution matrix and covariance matrix
Resolution and reliability
Bayesian estimation, use of a priori knowledge
Iterative linearized least-squares estimation; Gauss-
Newton method
Gradient search methods: Steepest Descent (SD)
and Conjugate Gradient (CG)
Monte Carlo search
Simulated annealing (SA)
Genetic algorithms (GA)
7. AVO inversion – elastic inversion
Elastic inversion based on AVO behaviour
Angle stacks and Elastic impedance with its
application
8. AVO case studies
9. Seismic-to-well matching
Model based wavelet estimation
Filter design to match different datasets
Reflectivity estimation from well data
Seismic-to-well matching methods
Least-squares wavelet estimation with well data
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AVO and Seismic Inversion23 – 27 June 2013, Abu Dhabi
10. Seismic inversion
From reflectivity to acoustic impedance
Least-squares estimation methodology
Singular value decomposition (SVD)
Resolution matrix and Covariance matrix
AVO inversion or elastic inversion Probability theory and Bayesian approach to
inversion
Deterministic inversion and stochastic inversion
Inversion case studies
11. 4D seismic
Objectives and feasibility analysis
Rock physics
Fluid substitution with the Gassmann equation
Measurement of traveltime differences and
amplitude differences
Quantification of repeatability of acquisition and
processing
Methods to assess the comparison of different
datasets
Methods for cross-equalization of two datasets
4D modelling of different scenarios
The 4D workflow
12. Seismic attributes
Introduction to attributes, definitions and historical
overview
Analytic traces: instantaneous amplitude, - phase,
and – frequency
Attribute classification
The geometric attributes dip and azimuth
The coherency attribute
Curvature and reflector shape
Spectral decomposition and its applications
Your Expert Trainer: Piet Gerritsma
Piet Gerritsma graduated in physics at the University of Groningen. He joined Shell in 1969 as a research
geophysicist in Rijswijk (The Netherlands) and Houston (USA). He was actively involved in the
development of programs for statics, velocity analysis, synthetic seismograms and raytracing,
deconvolution, multi-component seismic, shear waves and anisotropy, AVO and migration. He acquired
operational experience as processing and special studies geophysicist in Brunei and in Canada. He was
Shell's representative in international research consortia: SEP (Stanford), DELPHI (Delft University of
Technology) and IFP (Institut Francais du Petrole); he also served as associate editor of GeophysicalProspecting on Migration, Modelling and Inversion. During his Shell career he has always lectured at
both basic as well as advanced level covering a broad range of topics. He left Shell in 1999 after 30 years
of service. Since that time he is a lecturer at CTG (Center for Technical Geoscience) at the Delft
University of Technology. He teaches regularly courses for national and international oil companies and
service companies both as an independent teacher as well as on behalf of geoscience training alliances .
PetroEdge is a specialist Oil & Gas training provider with our key training hub based in Asia. Since inception in 2007, wehave trained over 1000 engineers in various disciplines in the energy sector. Our core focus is in developing
competency in the local workforce of petroleum engineers and related professionals in leading national & international
oil operators and contractors in this region. In our commitment to create sustainable skills development, we facilitate
cost-effective skills transfer opportunities through world-class training courses with leading experts. Through our unique
client engagement model and local presence, we are better positioned to fulfil critical learning requirements of Asian
based organisations.
To learn more about us, visit www.petroedgeasia.net
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AVO and Seismic Inversion23 – 27 June 2013, Abu Dhabi
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Course Venue: Abu Dhabi
23 – 27 June
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5 day – AVO and Seismic
Inversion
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