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SCHOOL OF PARAMEDICAL STUDIES TEL (876)858-1156, (876)845-4862 & (876)620-9505

DENTAL ASSISTANT (DA)

Programme Goals

The goal of the dental assisting programme at SPACSe is to prepare entry level dental assistants to be successful in the field of dentistry with the knowledge and skill required to assist the dentist during patient care while preparing the student for relevant professional certificate and national licensure(registration)examinations.

The dental assisting program provides an education based in the social, behavioral, and biological sciences. The curriculum is delivered by fulfilling three components of instruction, learning, and assessment. Emphasis is placed on developmental education/ advising, curriculum delivery, and outcomes.

The major emphasis of dental assisting education is educating a dental auxiliary who is ethically and morally responsible, clinically competent, and facilitates comprehensive quality care. The dental assisting program will utilize current theory, emerging technology, and evaluation in concert with local dentist professionals to ensure graduates have the knowledge, skills, and attitudes to be successful.

The Dental Assisting Program is certified by American Medical Technologist (AMT)-USA and American Medical Certification Association (AMCA)-USA,

Graduates from this program will: Utilize appropriate decision-making skills and collaboration with others to deliver preventive oral health

care to clients of various age groups and with complex health care problems. Demonstrate accountability and practice professional roles when providing dental care for clients. Provide care that is consistent with values, beliefs and cultural traditions when caring for clients with

complex health needs.

Common Career Technical Core – Career Ready Practices

Career Ready Practices describe the career-ready skills that educators should seek to develop in their students. These practices are not exclusive to a Career Pathway, programme of study, discipline or level of education. Career Ready Practices should be taught and reinforced in all career exploration and preparation programmes with increasingly higher levels of complexity and expectation as a student advances through a programme of study.

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1. Act as a responsible and contributing citizen and employee. 2. Apply appropriate academic and technical skills. 3. Attend to personal health and financial well-being. 4. Communicate clearly, effectively and with reason. 5. Consider the environmental, social and economic impacts of decisions. 6. Demonstrate creativity and innovation. 7. Employ valid and reliable research strategies. 8. Utilize critical thinking to make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. 9. Model integrity, ethical leadership and effective management. 10. Plan education and career path aligned to personal goals. 11. Use technology to enhance productivity. 12. Work productively in teams while using cultural/global competence

StandardsAfter successfully completing this programme, the student will be able to perform the following:

• Students will analyze problems using evidence and sound reasoning to make decisions.• Discriminate, organize and execute assisting the dentist and/or hygienist during different dental

procedures.• Develop systems to standardize dental care, infection control procedures, equipment and instrument

maintenance while complying with all agencies’ recommendation, laws and regulations.• Students will communicate effectively including reading, writing, speaking and listening.• Demonstrate patient management during patient care, by phone or computer interaction with patients.• Practice communication to establish professional working relationships, team work and better dental

office working environment• Students will demonstrate an awareness of social, economic, ecological, historical and cultural differences

and their implications.• Display and deliver patient care to diverse, socio-economic backgrounds, disabilities, cultures, religions,

sexual orientations, ethnicities, nationalities and differences as it pertains to working as a dental health paraprofessional, patient advocate, and employee in the dental office setting.

• Students demonstrate ability to exercise professional and ethical responsibility as a member of the dental profession.

• Demonstrate working within the laws outlined in the national Dental Practice Act and understand the• legal and ethical consequences of performing illegal duties.• Demonstrate ethics by reporting all illegal duties to the Dental Board of Jamaica or OSHA, if appropriate.• Identify and explain the various types of anesthesia used in the dental profession• Demonstrate knowledge and skills in the area of business management, charting, treatment planning/

recording, filing, billing, and digital radiography with the use of computer systems, Software and digital sensors/scanners.

• Assist the dentist and/or dental hygienist during various types of composite restoration procedures and with the creation of crowns, bridges, inlays, on-lays, and dentures

• Identify and explain different instruments and procedures used in the specialty dental fields of endodontic, periodontics, pediatric, orthodontics, prosthodontics, and oral and maxillofacial surgery

• Students participate in Community Health Projects where they are able to demonstrate creativity and artistic ability in the construction of presentation costumes, visual aids and patient education materials.

Course Materials 1. Anatomy for Dental Student 4th edition by Martin Atkinson2. Dental Assistant Chair-side Pocket Guide by Minas Sarakinatis

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3. Essential Of Operative Dentistry4. Dental Ethics Manual by John R. Williamson5. Hand Instrument in Operative Dentistry by Dr. Anopp V. Nair6. Medical Problems in Dentistry 6th Edition by Professor Crispian Sally7. American Red Cross Nurse Assistant Training Third Edition Textbook8. Focus on Nursing Pharmacology by Amy M. Karch9. American Red Cross First Aids/CPR/AED Manual10. E-Book on Vital Sign11. permanent marking pen 12. Ink pen 13. Digital timer capable of counting seconds 14. Scrubs/Lab Coat – appropriately fitting and professional in appearance15. Gloves

PLEDGE TO THE PROFESSION

As an allied health care laboratory professional, I strive to: • Maintain and promote standards of excellence in performing and advancing the art and science of my

profession • Preserve the dignity and privacy of others • Uphold and maintain the dignity and respect of our profession • Seek to establish cooperative and respectful working relationships with other health professionals • Contribute to the general wellbeing of the community

I will actively demonstrate my commitment to these responsibilities throughout my professional life.

PATIENT CARE TECHNICIAN (EN) Programme Structure

This programme is a planned sequence of instruction consisting of 3 learning completion courses, with a total of Courses (units) in 700hours for 30 Credits

15 lectures hours is equivalent to 1 credit, while 45 practical/laboratory hours is equivalent to 1 credit

No’s Course Title Lecture Hrs Practical Hrs Total Hrs Course CreditsA Basic Healthcare Core 75 45 120 6B Dental Assistant 1 120 130 250 10C Dental Assistant 2 150 180 330 14

After completing this programme, graduates take the following exams:

SPACS final Examination 1 & 2 Registered Dental Assistant, American Medical Certification Association (AMCA)-USA

The content includes but is not limited to communication, interpersonal and professional skills, appropriate scientific principles of microbiology, chemistry, anatomy and physiology, code of professional ethics integrated into skill development and clinical learning

Instructional Strategies: Lecture(Multimedia Power Points) Individualized Study Small Group Discussions/Projects Skills Demonstration

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Competency Check-off Role Play Independent Research Homework Assignments

PATIENT CARE TECHNICICAN (EN) SHEDULE

Programme title -Patient Care Technician /Enrolled NurseProgramme -No ACourse -Basic Health Science CoreUnits Lecture Hrs1. Introduction to health care 52. Introduction to the Dental History and Profession 53. Dental Legal, Ethical, and Professional Consideration/HIPAA and Patients’ Bill of Right 54. Dental Infection control, Safety standards, procedures and OSHA Regulations 55. Patient Managements(Communication and interpersonal relations, Clerical Skill and Duties) 106. Dental Medical terminologies, 257. Dental Anatomy 20

Total Lectures hours 75

Programme title - Patient Care Technician / Enrolled NurseProgramme -No BCourse - Dental Assistant 1Units Lecture Hrs1. Preventative Oral Care 102. Pharmacology 203. Dental Equipment 204. Dental Instruments and Procedures 255. Clinical Records 156. Oral Pathology 30


Programme title - Patient Care Technician / Enrolled NurseProgramme -No CCourse -Enrolled Nurse(PCT) 2Units Lecture Hrs1. Dental Material 252. Chair-side assisting 303. Dental Anesthesia 254. Introduction to Dental Radiology 305. Medical Emergency Care 256. Computer application in Dental Office 15


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A. BASIC HEALTH SCIENCE CORE

COURSE DESCRIPTION: An introduction to the health care environment, this course focuses on the health care team and Health Care Services Delivery systems. Students will learn about legal responsibilities, ethical issues, safety, medical terminologies infection control, communication, interpersonal behaviors, wellness, and disease and anatomy and physiology

UNIT 1 – INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH CAREDescription/Aim: This unit provides students with an exploratory introduction to several healthcare careers and the safety procedures and interpersonal communication skills required for them. The unit will enable students to receive initial exposure to healthcare science skills; attitudes applicable to healthcare including the concepts of health, wellness, and preventative care; and responsibilities of today’s healthcare providerMETHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, handouts, demonstrations, role play exercises, assignments, project research and case studies where applicable.

Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this this, students are able to do the following:

Discuss the roles of various health care professionals in the current health care delivery system. Identifying common methods of payment for healthcare services. Describing the various types of health care providers (facilities) and the range of services available

including resources to victims of domestic violence. Describing the composition and functions of a health care team. Recall the educational background methods of credentialing and licensing requirements of health

care professions on a state and national level. Describe the current health care systems and their trends. Define professionalism. Identify the rights and responsibilities of being a health care professional. Identify problem solving skills in a health care situation. Describe problem solving skills to various health care situations.

1. Prerequisites: (Critical Reading & Thinking) or satisfactory basic assessment skills. 2. Suggested General Guidelines for Evaluation: Comprehension of course material is evaluated through

final examination, research paper, text assignments, and a presentation Logic and critical thinking 3. Attendance: is mandatory and will be taken at every class. If you will be unable to attend a class, you

will need to leave early, or you will arrive late please advise your instructor at your earliest opportunity not less than 24hours.

4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in introduction to health care is 70%.

COURSE 2: INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL HSITORY AND PROFESSIONDescription/Aim:

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This course will cover an overview of the dental profession, healthcare teams, history of dentistry through the ages, also will focus on identify names of each member of the dental team and explain the role of each member, describe the specialties of dentistry and enumerates on various roles of the dental assistant.

METHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, handouts, demonstrations, lab exercises, assignments, project research and case studies.

Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this unit, students are able to do the following:

Discuss the fascinating history of dentistry from the ancient/earliest times Describe various conditions humans have suffered from dental pain and have sought a variety of

means to cure it. Discuss the role of earliest individual or groups had contributed to the dentistry

practices( Egyptians, Mayans, Greeks, G.V Black, W.C Roentgan, Frederick McKAY and A.C. Fones.) Explain how dental tools are developed, humans also cleaned and cared for their teeth. Early

toothbrushes ranged from wooden sticks with frayed ends to ivory-handled brushes with animal-hair bristles for cleaning the teeth.

Relate today’s ideas, many people think of “cosmetic dentistry” as a relatively new field, but skulls of ninth century Mayans have numerous inlays of decorative jade and turquoise on the front teeth. Skulls of the Incas discovered in Ecuador have gold pounded into prepared holes in the teeth, similar to modern gold inlay restorations.

Discus and describe the role of medical dental assistant as team part of the dental team and is oriented to the physical set-up of a dental office.

Identify, define and describe each dental team Identify, define and describe at least 9 specialized field of dentistry Describe dental assisting credentials


final examination, research paper, text assignments, and a presentation Logic and critical thinking. 3. Attendance: is mandatory and will be taken at every class. If you will be unable to attend a class, you


4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in introduction to dental history and profession is 70%.

UNIT 3: DENTAL ETHICS AND LAWS (CONFIDENTIAL AND PROFESSIONAL CONSIDERATION/HIPAA AND PATIENTS’ BILL OF RIGHT)Description/Aim: This unit reviews general healthcare (DENTAL) ethics and professional boundaries. It focuses on making sure that healthcare workers understand how to make ethical decisions and why professional boundaries are integral in healthcare. This unit should be tailored to better prepare students for situations they may face in their specific occupations and work environmentsMETHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, handouts, demonstrations, role play exercises, assignments, project research and case studies.


Identify the dental office staff and their areas of responsibility.

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Identify the difference between civil and criminal law. Identify the Dental Practice Act and what it entails. Identify due care and demonstrate examples of malpractice. Identify a framework for ethical decision making Be familiar with and know the purpose of the patient’s bill of rights Understand personal and professional boundaries and why they are important Describe the role personal and professional boundaries have in creating positive relationships

with patients and teammates Understand appropriate boundaries with social media while working with patients Understand risky behaviors that lead to boundary violations. Identifying procedures for accurate documentation and record keeping. Interpreting healthcare facility policy and procedures. Recognizing the legal responsibility of consent and confidentiality – oral, written and electronic. Explaining “The Patient Care Partner" describing patients’ rights and responsibilities Identifying the standards of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Describing advance directives. Distinguishing between express, implied and informed consent. Explaining the laws governing harassment, labor and employment. Differentiating between legal and ethical issues in healthcare. Describing a Code of Ethics consistent with the health care occupation. Recognizing the limits of authority and responsibility of health care workers including legislated

scope of practice. Recognizing and reporting abuse including domestic violence and neglect. Interpreting and explaining written organizational policies and procedures


final examination, research paper, text assignments, and a presentation Logic and critical thinking.3. Attendance: is mandatory and will be taken at every class. If you will be unable to attend a class, you


4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in Dental ethics and law is 70%.

UNIT 4: DENTAL INFECTION CONTROL, SAFETY STANDARDS, PROCEDURES AND OSHA REGULATIONSDescription/Aim: The course will explain the legal and ethical aspects of infection control procedures. Terms and protocols specified in the regulations of the board regarding the minimum standards for infection control. Describe the principles of modes of disease transmission and prevention. Principles, techniques, and protocols of hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, surface barriers and disinfection, sterilization, sanitation, and hazardous chemicals associated with infection control. Explain the principles and protocols of sterilizer monitoring and the proper loading, unloading, storage, and transportation of instruments to work area. Describe and demonstrate the principles and protocols associated with sharps management, waterline maintenance and infection control for laboratory areas.METHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, handouts, demonstrations, lab exercises, assignments, project research and case studies.Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this unit, students are able to do the following:

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1. Describing personal and jobsite safety rules and regulations that maintain safe and healthy work environments.

2. Identifying and practicing security procedures for medical supplies and equipment. 3. Demonstrating personal safety procedures based on Occupations Safety and Health

Administration (OSHA) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) regulations (including standard precautions).

4. Recognizing Materials Data Safety Sheets (MSDS) and complying with safety signs, symbols and labels.

5. Demonstrating proper body mechanics and ergonomics. 6. Demonstrating the proper procedure for identifying patients. 7. Describing fire safety, disaster and evacuation procedures. 8. Defining the elements used in a disaster and/or emergency response plan. 9. Discuss The Joint Commission patient safety goals. (www.jointcommission.org) 10. Explaining emergency procedures to follow in response to workplace accidents11. Defining principles of infection control including standard and transmission based precautions. 12. Discuss disease transmission, infectious disease and mode of transmission of disease in dental

office, 13. Demonstrating knowledge of medical asepsis and practicing procedures such as hand washing and

isolation and describing surgical asepsis.14. Explain disinfection and sterilization process( cleaning and pre-cleaning), optical cleaning of

treatment room, instrument process) 15. Explain OSHA Blood-borne Pathogens Standard16. Describing how to correctly dispose of bio hazardous materials, according to appropriate

government guidelines such as OSHA6. Prerequisites: (Critical Reading & Thinking) or satisfactory basic assessment skills. 7. Suggested General Guidelines for Evaluation: Comprehension of course material is evaluated through



9. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.10. A passing grade in dental infection control, safety standards, procedures and OSHA regulations is 70%.

UNIT 5: PATIENT MANAGEMENTS (COMMUNICATION AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS, CLERICAL SKILL AND DUTIES)Description/Aim: This unit is an introductory course that is especially relevant for students interested in careers that involve interacting with people. It is also valuable for all students as a life foundation and academic enrichment. This unit addresses knowledge and skills needed for positive and productive relationships in career, community, and family settings. Major course topics include communication skills; leadership, teamwork, and collaboration; conflict prevention, resolution, and management; building and maintaining relationships; and individual needs and characteristics and their impacts on relationships. The student will learn the effectiveness of communication, the key to patient success that includes document management and storage, written communication and telecommunication. Introduction to business office systems such as appointment management, recall, inventory, dental insurance, accounts receivable and accounts payable; Focus and accentuation on technology such as the paperless dental office with the use of the computer as a replacement for paper records.

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This unit provides a foundation for continuing education for all career areas that involve interacting with people both inside and outside of a business/organization, including team members, clients, patients, customers, and the general publicMETHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, handouts, demonstrations, role play exercises, assignments, project research and case studies.


Explaining basic speaking and active listening skills including reflection, restatement, and clarification techniques.

Explaining basic observational skills and related documentation strategies in written and oral form.

Identifying characteristics of successful and unsuccessful communication including communication styles and barriers.

Composing written communication using correct spelling, grammar and formatting. Identify the dental office staff and their areas of responsibility. Identify the business of dentistry as a service profession Identify and establish practice goals and objectives. Identify the proper procedure for answering an in-coming call. Classify the information every message should contain. Demonstrate examples of the ways in which computers are used in the dental office. Describe telephone and business office technology and its uses. Explain ways in which effective patient scheduling can be accomplish in the dental office. Applying appropriate medical terminology and abbreviations. Recognizing the importance of courtesy and respect for patients and other healthcare workers

and maintaining good interpersonal relationships. Recognizing the importance of patient/client education regarding health care. Identifying communication skills to varied levels of understanding and cultural orientation

including diverse age, cultural, economic, ethnic and religious groups. Analyzing elements of communication using a sender-receiver model. Distinguishing between and report subjective and objective information. Selecting and employing appropriate communication concepts and strategies to enhance oral and

written communication in the workplace. Locating, organizing and referencing written information from various sources. Describing verbal and nonverbal cues/behaviors that enhance communication. Explaining the meaning of active listening skills to obtain and clarify information.




4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in patient amagements(communication and interpersonal relations, clerical skill and

duties) is 70%.

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UNIT 6: DENTAL MEDICAL TERMINOLOGYDescription/Aim: Medical terminology is the study of the principles of medical word building to help the student develop the extensive medical vocabulary used in health care occupations. Students receive a thorough grounding in basic medical terminology through a study of root words, prefixes and suffixes. The study focuses on correct pronunciation, spelling and use of medical terms. Anatomy, physiology, and pathology of disease are discussed yet no previous knowledge of these topics is necessary. METHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, practical/laboratory sessions, handouts, demonstrations, chart image, assignments, project research and case studies.


• Identify words and abbreviations related to dentistry• List and identify structures of the dental terminology.• Identify and understand terms related to dental professionals• Identify the dental facility operative equipment• Describe the terminology of head and neck anatomy and steps of cavity preparation and

restorative procedures, as well as, dental materials. • Analyze the component parts of a medical term • Use basic prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms to build medical terms • Explain the common rules for proper medical term formation, pronunciation, and spelling • Relate the terminology to the names, locations, and functions of the major organs of the Head and necks • Define basic terms and abbreviations used in documenting dental health records


final examination, research paper, text assignments, and a presentation Logic and critical thinking are reflected in the process of dissecting medical terms and defining them in terms of roots, suffixes and prefixes

3. Attendance: is mandatory and will be taken at every class. If you will be unable to attend a class, you will need to leave early, or you will arrive late please advise your instructor at your earliest opportunity not less than 24hours.

4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in dental medical terminology is 70%.

UNIT 7 : DENTAL ANATOMYDescription/Aim: Dental Anatomy Given information about head and neck anatomy, oral anatomy, and dental anatomy, METHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, practical/laboratory sessions, handouts, demonstrations, chart image, assignments, project research and case studies.


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• Identify Head and Neck Anatomy, be able to Locate and mark five bones or bony areas of the face and skull on the model or diagram provided.

1. Locate seven landmarks of the skull2. Locate four sinuses3. Locate and mark eight muscles of mastication and facial expression4. Identify the nerves that supply the oral cavity

• Identify Oral Anatomy; Define the following six dental anatomy terms.1. Primary dentition, Permanent dentition2. Mixed dentition, Contact, Contour, Occlusion

• Identify the four kinds of teeth.• Locate and label the three parts of a tooth.

(1) Crown, (2) Root, (3) Neck• Locate and label five tissues of a tooth.

(1) Enamel, (2) Dentin, (3) Pulp, (4) Cementum, (5) Periodontal ligament• Locate and label the six maxillary anterior teeth.

(1) Maxillary central incisors (2), (2) Maxillary lateral incisors (2),(3) Maxillary canines (2)• Locate and identify the 10 maxillary posterior teeth.

(1) Maxillary first premolar (2), (2) Maxillary second premolar (2)(3) Maxillary first molar (2), (4) Maxillary second molar (2), (5) Maxillary third molar (2)

• Locate and identify the six mandibular anterior teeth.(1) Mandibular central incisors (2), (2) Mandibular lateral incisors (2), (3) Mandibular canine (2)

• Locate and identify the 10 mandibular anterior teeth.(1) Mandibular first premolar (2), (2) Mandibular second premolar (2)(3) Mandibular first molar (2), (4) Mandibular second molar (2), (5) Mandibular third molar (2)

• Locate the six surfaces of a tooth.(1) Mesial, (2) Occlusal, (3) Distal, (4) Buccal, (5) Lingual, (6) Facial.




4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in dental anatomy is 70%.

Second Semester

UNIT 1 : PREVENTIVE ORAL CAREDescription/Aim: This unit intimate dental assistant in emphasizes the basic concepts of disease prevention and health promotion. By given information about preventive dentistry, plaque removal, fluoride, and nutrition. METHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by

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lectures, practical/laboratory sessions, handouts, demonstrations, chart image, assignments, project research and case studies.


• Correctly cite the components of a comprehensive preventive dentistry program.• Describe the five parts of a comprehensive preventive dentistry program.

(1) Nutrition, (2) Patient education, (3) Plaque control(4) Fluoride therapy, (5) Sealants

• Discuss patient education on removal of plaque, proper tooth brushing method, and selection of home care aids.

• Discuss and describe bacterial plague and Periodontal disease• Identify accurate fluoride needs assessment• Develop proper analysis of a food diary.• Apply topical fluoride gel or foam.• Assist patients with dental floss.• Identify the role of nutrition in oral health.




4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in preventive oral health care is 70%.

UNIT 2 : PHAMACOLOGYDescription/Aim: The unit focus the knowledge of dental assistant into safe administration and classification of drugs used in dentistry. Emphasis on common adverse reactions that can occur in drugs utilized with dental procedures.METHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, practical/laboratory sessions, handouts, demonstrations, chart image, assignments, project research and case studies.


• Identify the terms related to drugs, pharmacology, and medicines.• Identify the difference between drug brand names and generic names.• Identify the parts of a written prescription.• Illustrate knowledge for the drug laws and who enforces them.• Identify the schedules for the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970.• Identify the routes in which drugs can be administered.• Differentiate between over-the-counter medications, nutritional supplements and

prescription drugs.• Identify the federal agencies that control distribution and prescription of drugs.• List the types of drugs used in conjunction with dental treatment.• Identify the types of drugs that are used to treat various medical conditions.

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• Differentiate between a generic and a brand name prescription and non-prescription drug.• Name the classes of drugs with known oral side effects. • Explain the pharmacological action of different classes of drugs.• Describe the components of a drug prescription and the purpose of each.• Recall the different schedules of drugs and the implications for prescribing and abuse.• Recognize the classes of drugs that contraindicate dental treatment.• Identify FDA Pregnancy Risk Categories for various drugs.• Recite the current guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis for dental treatment.• Locate resources for obtaining information on over-the-counter and prescription drugs.• Demonstrate an understanding of hallucinogenic drugs such as LSD, PCP and mescaline.• Demonstrate an understanding of barbiturates.• Identify homeopathic remedies




4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in Pharmacology is 70%.

UNIT 3: DENTAL EQUIPMENTDescription/Aim: The unit gives information about equipment identification and equipment uses, Care and maintenance of equipment and supplies will be demonstrated as wellMETHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, practical/laboratory sessions, handouts, demonstrations, chart image, assignments, project research and case studies.


• Discuss and describe Equipment Identification e.g pieces of lab equipment like Lathe, Hand piece / lab engine, Model trimmer, Vacuum adapter “The Machine” and (Vibrator.

• Identify pieces of equipment found in the treatment room.• Describe items found in the sterile and radiographic area.• Discus and explain equipment uses




4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.

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5. A passing grade in dental equipmet is 70%.

UNIT 4: DENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND PROCEDURESDescription/Aim: The unit gives information about hand/rotary instruments and dental proceduresMETHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, practical/laboratory sessions, handouts, demonstrations, chart image, assignments, project research and case studies.


• Discus, describe and define the term “Hand Instrument”.• Describe components of hand instruments.• Describe basic tray set-up instruments.• Describe restorative and periodontal instruments.• Describe instruments of a rubber dam procedure.• Endodontic, oral surgery instruments.• Discus, describe and define the term Rotary and uses Instruments• Describe parts and types of a dental bur. • Discuss sizes and shapes of bur heads.• Describe styles of dental handpieces• Discuss dental handpiece placement and removal, handpiece sterilization techniques and

maintenance.• Explain Dental Procedures and Identify common types of dental procedures.• Demonstrate skill and knowledge on tray set-up and identify instruments per procedure• Demonstrate skill in chairside assisting procedures suction, instrument transfer, mix materials

per restorative procedures 1. Prerequisites: (Critical Reading & Thinking) or satisfactory basic assessment skills. 2. Suggested General Guidelines for Evaluation: Comprehension of course material is evaluated through



4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in dental instruments and procedures is 70%.

UNIT 5: CLINICAL RECORDSDescription/Aim: The unit gives information about medical/dental histories, recording dental treatment and dental/radiographic chartings. The knowledge in this units include what dental records consist of as related to the history of present illness, clinical examination, diagnosis, treatment done, and the prognosis. A thorough knowledge of dental records is essential for the practicing dental assistant, as it not only has a forensic application, but also a legal implication with respect to insurance and consumerism.

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METHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, practical/laboratory sessions, handouts, demonstrations, chart image, assignments, project research and case studies.


• Discus how to identify patient data which includes-- name, date of birth, phone numbers, and emergency contact information

• Discus purposes for obtaining a medical history from every patient.• Describe conditions that may limit the ability of dental personnel to gather required

information from patients.• Discuss how to obtain Dental Medical history• Discus Clinical examination to include an accurate charting• Describe recording of dental Diagnosis and Treatment plan




4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in clinical records is 70%.

UNIT 6: ORAL PATHOLOGYDescription/Aim: The unit will expose students in comprehensive study oral pathology (diseases and causes) with emphasis on periodontal disease and periodontal charting. Given information about dental caries; attrition, abrasion, andsoft tissue pathology. Topics will include recognition of signs and symptoms of medical emergencies,METHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, practical/laboratory sessions, handouts, demonstrations, chart image, assignments, project research and case studies.


• Identify the infective agent in the caries process.• Identify dental caries as an infectious disease.• Name and describe the tissues of the periodontium.• Identify and describe the two main types of periodontal disease.• Describe and identify Attrition. Abrasion and Erosion• Identify oral lesions.• Describe and identify diseases of the oral cavity.• Identify and understand microbiology and diseases of the oral cavity• Identify matrix systems for restorative.• Identify removable and fixed prosthodontics• Identify types of provisional coverage.

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• Identify dental implants.• Describe conditions related to endodontics, and oral surgery.• Identify pediatric dentistry, dental trauma.




4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in oral pathology is 70%.

Third Semester

UNIT 1: DENTAL MATERIALSDescription/Aim: This course is to acquaint the dental assistant student with the composition, properties and manipulation of dental materials with a primary emphasis on those materials used in the dental office and a secondary emphasis on selected materials used in the dental laboratory. These properties include the physical, chemical, biological and mechanical properties of dental materials. Lectures, reading assignments, and laboratory projects will provide a basic understanding of dental materials used in the dental office and an overview of selected materials used in the dental laboratory. This information permits the student to interpret the use of dental materials in clinical practice and to communicate the use of materials with the dentist and the patient. This course also provides a scientific background for the selection and use of dental materials. The utilization of all dental materials, mixing techniques, and safety protocol will be covered in the lab portion of the class. The importance of infection control, prevention of cross contamination and competency in uses and functions of dental materials will be emphasized.METHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, practical/laboratory sessions, handouts, demonstrations, chart image, assignments, project research and case studies.


Describe in general how chemicals should be stored Explain the purpose of the OSHA hazard Communication Standard Explain the purpose of the material safety data sheets Describe the classifications and properties of dental materials and ways that they affect their

application Identify the types of dental restorative materials. Identify dental standards and organizations responsible for those standards. Identify the role of the dental assistant in uses and application of dental materials. Identify the properties of dental metal materials. Identify the Impression, Gypsums, Cements and Liners, Porcelain and Ceramics materials Illustrate knowledge and skill utilizing various types of dental cements; explain their

properties, composition, uses and manipulation.

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Demonstrate steps of cavity preparation. Demonstrate the composition of composite resins and amalgam restorations Demonstrate and describe the following laboratory procedures.

(1) Fabricate diagnostic casts(2) Trimming diagnostic cast(3) Debride and polish fixed and removable appliances and prosthesis, (4) Splints(5) Fabricate custom impression trays, mouth/athletic guards, bleaching trays, acrylic temps, etc




4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in dental materials is 70%.

UNIT 2: CHAIR-SIDE ASSISTINGDescription/Aim: This unit included is the study of the different dental procedures and techniques on assisting, which includes practice of ergonomics with each procedure. This course consists of theory and practical lab application. As a routine procedure in the Dental Office, gives information about principles of four-handed dentistry and maintaining a clear operating.METHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, practical/laboratory sessions, handouts, demonstrations, chart image, assignments, project research and case studies.


Describe the design of a dental office explaining the purpose of each area. Explain the basic concepts of chair side assisting. Understand basic dental Ergonomics with the classification of motions(Class I-V), describe 4

zones and the activities carried out there, Describe the necessary steps to prepare a patient for treatment. Explain the necessary steps to seat the patient for treatment. Describe the position of the operator and the assistant at chair side. Explain the maintaining a Clear Operating Field Describe the necessary steps to dismiss the patients after treatment is concluded. Identify the special needs of certain patients. Describe the grasp positions and transfer of instruments for a procedure. Define and demonstrate how to maintain the oral cavity and the equipment utilized in

treatment of the oral cavity. 1. Prerequisites: (Critical Reading & Thinking) or satisfactory basic assessment skills. 2. Suggested General Guidelines for Evaluation: Comprehension of course material is evaluated through

final examination, research paper, text assignments, and a presentation Logic and critical thinking are

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reflected in the process of dissecting medical terms and defining them in terms of roots, suffixes and prefixes


4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in chair-side assisting is 70%.

UNIT 3: DENTAL ANESTHETICSDescription/Aim: This course provide the Knowledge in the use and administration of local anesthetics, in the pharmacology, neurophysiology, neurochemistry and anatomy related to the administration of local anesthetics also competent in the physical and psychological evaluation of the patient prior to receiving local anesthetic or dental treatmentWith emphasis on Knowledge of the side effects, complications and the management of those problems associated with local anestheticsMETHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, practical/laboratory sessions, handouts, demonstrations, chart image, assignments, project research and case studies.


Identify the Scope of pain and anxiety control Discuss the differences between the types of sedation / anesthesia Discuss the pros and cons of each method of sedation / anesthesia Describe the risks and benefits of each method of sedation / anesthesia Summarize the requirements of state law regarding the administration of local anesthesia Discuss the legal ramifications of administration of local anesthesia Discuss the desirable properties of local anesthetics Discuss the fundamentals of impulse generation and transmission Discuss the mode and site of action of local anesthetics Pharmacology of local anesthetics and vasoconstrictors Discuss the pharmacokinetics of local anesthetics, including uptake, distribution, metabolism,

and excretion Discuss the systemic actions of local anesthetics on the following:

a. Central nervous system, b. Cardiovascular system, c. Respiratory system, d. Other miscellaneous actions

Describe the indications for using a vasoconstrictor in a local anesthetic solution. Consider the following:

a. Mechanism of action, b. Metabolism, c. Maximum dosage, d. Toxic effects, e. Contraindications

Discuss the following information for lidocaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine:a. Type of anesthetic, ester or amide, b. Brand name(s), c. Onset and duration of actiond. Metabolism, including uptake, redistribution, inactivation, and excretione. Common concentrations used in dentistry, f. Maximum dosage

Name the two general categories of topical anesthetics. Discuss benzocaine, lidocaine, and tetracaine topical anesthetics

Calculate the amount of anesthetic and vasoconstrictor contained in the various types of anesthetic solutions

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Identify the components of the breech-loading aspirating syringes, needles, and carpules Identify the problems that can occur with the syringes, needles and carpules Discuss the component chemicals contained within the cartridge and their function Recognize when local anesthetic is no longer safe to administer Special consideration in patient with latex allergy Discuss the evaluation of the patient prior to administration of local anesthesia or sedation,

including the following:a. Medical history, b. Physical evaluation, c. Psychological evaluation

Recognition of signs and symptoms of anxiety List the ASA classification Demonstrate how to monitor the central nervous system, respiratory system and

cardiovascular system for adverse reactions Discuss the following types of administration of anesthetic:

a. Maxillary anesthesia, b. Mandibular anesthesia, c. Gow-Gates, d. Akinosie. PDL, f. Interosseous, g. Electronic, h. Controlled delivery devicesG. Local and systemic complications

Discuss the causes, problems, prevention and management of the following local complications:

a. Needle breakage, b. Pain on injection, c. Persistent anesthesia: paresthesiad. Trismus, e. Hematoma, f. Infection, g. Tissue sloughingi. Lip chewing, j. Facial nerve paralysis, k. Intravascular injection

Discuss the causes, problems, prevention and management of the following systemic complications:

a. Local anesthetic overdose, b. Epinephrine overdosec. Allergy, d. idiosyncratic reaction, e. Side effects




4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in dental anesthetics is 70%.

UNIT 4: INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL RADIOLOGYDescription/Aim: The course focus on the study and definition of radiation physics, health and safety theories with emphasis on fundamentals, the discovery and history of dental X-ray techniques and processing. Emphasis is on study on the information about biological effects of ionizing radiation, health protection techniques, x-ray machines, dental film/sensors, radiographic landmarks, mounting radiographs and processing procedures,METHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, practical/laboratory sessions, handouts, demonstrations, chart image, assignments, project research and case studies.


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Identify the important of knowledge of Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation on tissue/cell mildly, moderately or severely.

Explain Health Protection Techniques adopted during operation/exposure to radiological materials.

Identify methods of operator protection from secondary/scattered. Identify methods of radiation protection for the patient. Describe X-Ray machines and its components Identify and describe dental films/sensor Identify types of dental films, composition, selection uses and consideration for storage of

dental films. Described radiographic techniques(Paralleling, Bisecting Angle, and Extra Oral Film) Identify Patient Management for Radiography Identify Radiographic Landmarks and characteristics images used to identify landmarks visible

in radiographic films. Describe Mounting Radiographs and procedure (step) for mounting a full mouth set of

radiographs. Describe Processing Procedures and steps in preventing/control radiographic infection Evaluating Radiographs for Diagnostic Value




4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in introduction to dental radiology is 70%.

UNIT 5: MEDICAL EMAGENCY CAREDescription/Aim: The unit will exposes students into recognition of signs and symptoms of medical emergencies, treatment for aiding patients in emergency situations, and review in CPR training, the procedures associated with theoccurrence of medical emergencies, and the timing of the occurrences. The unit will stress the right tools (products and equipment), the right training and practice to deal with everyday medical emergencies.METHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, practical/laboratory sessions, handouts, demonstrations, chart image, assignments, project research and case studies.


• Identify the important of Vital Sign Knowledge, vital sign reference ranges, and health risk associated with vital signs abnormal readings.

• Develop the steps to properly access a medical emergency.• Learn the right tools for a medical emergency.• Learn the commonly encountered medical emergencies.• Learn the procedures associated with occurrence of medical emergencies.

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• Identify and describe Medically Compromised Patient• Describe ways to prevent emergencies like.

(1) Obtain current and complete medical/dental history(2) All dental personnel competent in CPR, Heimlich maneuver, and obtaining vital signs(3) Assess patient during treatment(4) Have an office emergency plan(5) Have emergency equipment ready




4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in medical emergency care is 70%.

UNIT 6: COMPUTER APPLICATION IN DENTAL OFFICEDescription/Aim: This course focus on the basic knowledge of computer application in dental office as it relate to day to day activates, for charting of patient treatment , diagnosis and appointment schedules, retrieving of files , document and data with knowledge of Microsoft words and excel uses.METHOD OF INSTRUCTION: course will delivered face to face and the instruction will be provided by lectures, practical/laboratory sessions, handouts, demonstrations, chart image, assignments, project research and case studies.


Identify the proper procedure for answering an in-coming call. Classify the information every message should contain. Demonstrate examples of the ways in which computers are used in the dental office. Describe telephone and business office technology and its uses. Describe computerization in dentistry practice. Identify harmonization of dental software applicable for different procedures




4. Final Grade Calculation will be the aggregate of grades achieved in all the unit activities = 100%.5. A passing grade in computer application in dental office is 70%.

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SCHOOL OF PARAMEDICAL STUDIES TEL (876)858-1156, (876)845-4862 & (876)620-9505

SPACS PROGRAMME AND POLICY REVIEW

As it was earlier illustrated on our comprehensive self-study reports about our programs and admission policies, however in this report we will elaborate on departmental - programmes as offered at our institution.Taking our reference point from our vision and mission statement which states

Vision

To combine affordable education with academic and professional excellence in allied health education studies with an outstanding difference in Jamaica and in the Caribbean region.

Mission

The mission of (SPACS) school of paramedical studies is to develop capacity building in the area of allied health education studies with international standards and professional certifications.

To achieve this, the school seeks to:

Create an affordable and effective learning environment with international standard and professional certifications.

Present an opportunity to individuals with limited finances to achieve quality education hence creating a launch pad for such individuals to achieve their life goals.

Encourage male students to study allied health by offering scholarships to all interested male students Increase capacity of Jamaican youths to have opportunities to be gainfully employed both home and

abroadCore values

Excellence – Commitment to the highest level of performance in all facets of the College’s programs, services, and operations through effective investment and support of all assets.

Integrity – Continuous pursuit of fulfilment of mission and goals through transparency and ethical practices in all College operations.

Innovation – Commitment to inquiry and the respectful challenging of assumptions to promote creativity, alternative points of view, and opportunities for on-going discovery.

Inclusion – Promotion of opportunities and advancement for a diverse and dynamic student, faculty/staff, and community population through the creation of a positive, compassionate, and reflective culture.

Stewardship and Accountability – Commitment to investment in appropriate resources in fulfilment of the College’s mission and goals and reliance on responsible management of human, physical, and financial resources.

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Quality assurance - through comparative feedback approach between students’ academic performance and clinical field report

High standard of education - by benchmarking training approach with Allied Health Schools in USA, Canada, Caribbean and in the United Kingdom and by compliance to all regulations as stipulated by education governing body locally and internationally as it relates to SPACS.

SPACS is an allied health education institution where programs are designed and managed under a broad Faculty of Medical /Health Science with an allied health programme operated in four major departments containing mainly five programs, but only three of them are been presented to UCJ for accreditation the rest will follow suit in the near distance time.SPACS institution structure

1. Faculty of Medical/Health ScienceA. Medical Laboratory Sciences Department -Programmes offer at this department are

Medical Laboratory Technician otherwise called MLT Phlebotomy Technician

B. Pharmacy Department - Programme offer here is Pharmacy Technician

C. Dentistry Department -Programme offer here is Dental Assisting

D. Patient /Nursing Care Department - Programme offer here is• Patient Care Technician

As indicated earlier only three programmes will be presented for UCJ accreditation they are MLT, Phlebotomy Technician and Pharmacy Technician

Based on our Vision and Mission Statements our main goal is to offer only an allied health related programme and we adequately design our programme to meet the desires of any interested candidate that are ready to explore the option we offer at SPACS. All programme are presented as a full time programme with three semester in one academic year, therefore the goal is to ensure that our students are qualified to be formidable members of the Medical/Health care industry haven been trained effectively and efficiently in all knowledge and skill required to practice as an allied health care professionals will they be able to cater to all ranges of patient/client in the health care sector.The graduates will be qualified and abreast with the highly increasing and fast developing medical science technology in diagnosing, managing and in treating patient globally and latest innovation in clinical biomedical, pharmaceutical and dental technology in all area of patient care practices.

SPACS adopts three aspects of medical science in our training programme: Advance complete and comprehensive theoretical class sessions. A modern approach of practical session with adequate instruction and supervisions. Clinical internship in all our affiliated health care facilities as the students will be monitored and tutor

under different specialized medical professionals.Each programme is designed to equip and facilitate the knowledge and skill required to practice after graduation from SPACS.Our certification process is a rundown of the event each student passes through from the time of admission starting from the first day of orientation to the last day of graduation from our institution to the place of employments.SPACS PROGRAMMES

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Each programme contains relevant courses which is matched with the programmes, originally checked and compared with best colleges that offer the same programme both locally and internationally.During the orientation all our students are encourage and mandated to download the programme curriculum/course outline with the topic research project where they will present a hard copy of the both document to ascertain that they all have a copy to work with.Based on our mission statement of providing an affordable programme to all our students, each of our student is giving copies of E-books that is applicable to their programme of study this gesture prevent they from spending so much money on buying text book of which many of them cannot afford, which go along with the mandatory requirement of laptop or tablets for all the student this enable them to have access the PDF E-Book format them will gave them.Those students that do not have laptop or tablet of their own can make use of the small amount of laptops we have at the school for only two hours a day which gives room for other students that may be in need of the same laptop.

All our programme courses are taught in power points format and at the end of the lecture student can take the picture of the each slide and copy the note at a time convenience to them and also can keep the picture on the slide in its original form complied in their computer, laptop or tablet files.After the completion of the each courses the student will them complete a research on that topic and submitted it after 15 days, this constitutes 10% of their total final grades at the end of the programme. The acceptable passing grade for the course research project is 7 out of 10.Each research is graded in the following points

The comprehensive literature review-2 marks How relevant the points are to the courses been research on, based on the question asked-2marks Diversifications of thought and idea on the topics-2marks Mastery of courses understanding based on well-arranged points-2marks Reasonable conclusion with relevant references and pictures where appropriate-2marks

SPACS Programme course lectures notes slides are format in the following ways: Topic title with the content of the programme. Topic introduction and definitions. Aim and Object of the course. Learning outcome of the course. Body of the course with relevant examples and picture where applicable. Teach back section using test your knowledge questions. Conclusions and summary. Course research projects with due date of 15 days.

STUDENT RESPONSIBILITIES • Students accepted into an academic programme of study at the Institution have certain rights and

responsibilities. These rights and the associated responsibilities shall establish a student code of professional conduct. Primary to this code is access to an environment free from interference in the learning process.

1. Students have the right to an impartial, objective evaluation of their academic performance. Students shall receive in writing, at the beginning of each course, information outlining the method of evaluating student progress toward, and achievement of, course goals and objectives, including the method by which the final grade is determined.

2. Students will be treated in a manner conducive to maintaining their worth and dignity. Students shall be free from acts or threats of intimidation, harassment, mockery, insult, or physical aggression.

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3. Students will be free from the imposition of disciplinary sanctions without proper regard for due process. Formal procedures have been instituted to ensure all students subjected to the disciplinary process are adequately notified.

4. When confronted with perceived injustices, students may seek redress through grievance procedures outlined in the Grievance Policy. Such procedures will be available to those students who make their grievances known in a timely manner.

5. Students may take reasoned exception to the data or views offered in any course of study and may form their own judgment, but they are responsible for learning the academic content of any course in which they are enrolled.

6. Students will be given full disclosure and an explanation by the Institution of all fees and financial obligations.

7. Students have the right and responsibility to participate in course and instructor evaluations and to give constructive criticism of the services provided by the Institution.

8. Students have the right to quality education. This right includes quality programmes; appropriate instructional methodologies and content; instructors who have sufficient educational qualifications and practical expertise in the areas of instruction; the availability of adequate materials, resources, and facilities to promote the practice and application of theory; and an environment that stimulates creativity in learning as well as personal and professional growth.

9. Students have the responsibility to conduct themselves in a professional manner within the institutional, externship/practicum, clinical, and lab settings, and to abide by the policies of the Institution.

10. Students are expected to conduct all relationships with their peers, Institution staff and faculty, and anyone with whom they come into contact at externship/practicum/clinical/fieldwork sites, with honesty and respect.

11. Students are to comply with directions by Institution faculty and staff members who are acting within the scope of their employment, subject to their rights and responsibilities.

12. Students have the right and responsibility to develop personally through opportunities such as formal education, work and volunteer experiences, extracurricular activities, and involvement with others.

13. Students are encouraged to apply creativity in their own learning processes while striving for academic excellence, and to share their knowledge and learning experiences with fellow students in the interest of greater learning and better practice of the profession.

STUDENT INTERACTIONStudent interaction is considered to be an important component of the academic experience at the Institution. Both the facility and class organizations are designed to encourage opportunities for student communication. Class assignments include group work and cooperative learning activities.

PERSONAL APPEARANCE• Students are required to dress in an appropriate manner while on campus and at the assigned externship

or clinical location. Students should show concern for the appropriateness of dress while attending the Institution and be guided by the principle that what is proper for the workplace is proper for the Institution.

Professional appearance is as important as the development of professional skills. All students are expected to abide by the dress code. Students are expected to practice good personal hygiene habits and maintain a clean, neat, and professional appearance at all times. Students failing to meet the dress requirements will not be admitted to class.Administration and faculty are responsible for enforcing the dress code. Inappropriately dressed students will be sent home, and time missed will be recorded as an absence

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ADVISINGStudent Advising

• Students may experience educational, personal, or financial problems during their enrollment. The Institution welcomes the opportunity to assist students in working out solutions to these problems. Students experiencing difficulties in these areas are advised to contact the Education Department. Students requiring other types of professional assistance beyond that offered by the Institution will be referred to the appropriate agencies within the community.

Academic Advising• Students who may be experiencing academic challenges are advised to contact the Education Department.

STUDENT COMPLAINT/GRIEVANCE PROCEDUREStatement of Intent

• To afford full consideration to student complaints and concerning any aspect of the programs, facilities, or other services offered by or associated with SPACS . This grievance procedure is intended to provide a framework within which complaints may be resolved. This procedure is not, however, a substitute for other informal means of resolving complaints or other problems.

Students are encouraged to communicate their concerns fully and frankly to members of the SPACS faculty and administration. Reasonable measures will be undertaken to preserve the confidentiality of information that is reported during the investigation.Procedure

• All student complaints will be handled in the following manner:Step One:

• The student must try to resolve the issue with the campus staff member or instructor/ supervisor involved. If the matter is not resolved, the student should schedule a meeting with the Program Director of the involved department.

Step Two:• If the Programme Director/supervisor is unable to resolve the issue, the student should arrange to meet

with the Academic Director.Step Three:

• If the matter is not resolved to the student’s satisfaction, the student must present a written complaint to the School board Chairman (or designee). The School board Chairman (or designee) will promptly acknowledge receipt of the complaint and find an amicable way of resolving the situations.

• If the matter is not resolved both parties can seek a legal counsel, we hope most cases will be resolve within the institution parameters.

DEFINITION OF ACADEMIC YEAR• Students may begin a programme at the start of any of the academic sessions listed in the academic

calendar. The applicable definition is used in advancing grade levels for students.Credit-Hour Programmes:SPACS's standard academic year is 30 credit hours and completion of at least 36 weeks. Full-time, regular students typically complete a minimum of 30 credit hours and at least 36 weeks per academic year.

DEFINITION OF A UNIT OF CREDITThe Institution measures its programmes in semsters credit hours.One credit hour equals:

1. a minimum of 15 lecture clock hours2. a minimum of 45 laboratory clock hours3. a minimum of 45 externship/practicum clock hours

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A clock hour is a minimum of 50 minutes of instruction within a 60-minute period of time in which lectures, demonstrations, laboratories, digital instruction, and similar class activities are conducted.Clock HourA period of time consisting of:

1. A 50- to 60-minute class, lecture, or recitation in a 60-minute period; and2. A 50- to 60-minute faculty-supervised laboratory, shop training, or internship in a 60-minute period.

REPEATED COURSES• Students will only be allowed to repeat courses as required by the Institution due to academic problems or

attendance violations, and only as scheduling permits. Students are permitted to repeat courses under the following conditions, so long as the student still can comply with the Satisfactory Academic Progress requirements:

Students who previously passed a course may only repeat that course one additional time (two total attempts).

Students who have attempted but not passed a course may repeat the course two additional times (three total attempts).

The grade received on the last course repeat becomes the final grade and supersedes all other grades for that course. It will replace all other grades for that course in the GPA calculation.

All final grades are reflected on the official transcript; repeated courses are designated by "RC." Students who do not successfully pass a required course three times will be dismissed from the

programme. Students dismissed from a program for failing a required course three times cannot be readmitted into the same programme or into another programme that requires the same course.

Students seeking to be readmitted into a programme in which they have been dismissed for attempting without successfully completing a required course three times must successfully complete said course at another accredited postsecondary institution. In order for the course to be accepted for readmission, the course must meet the criteria for previous education and training Failing or withdrawing from a course and the subsequent required repeats may interrupt the student's enrollment and may negatively impact financial aid eligibility and satisfactory academic progress. Course repeats will be charged at the student's current course price.

ATTENDANCE/TARDINESS POLICY The Institution emphasizes the need for all students to attend classes on a regular and consistent basis in

order to develop the skills and attitudes necessary to compete in the highly competitive labor market. Because much of each program is conducted in a hands-on environment, attendance is critical to proper skill building.

Tardiness disrupts the learning environment and is discouraged. Student attendance is posted based upon the time present in class. Students who arrive late or leave class early will have those minutes deducted from their attendance. Tardiness or absences in any class are counted toward the 20% attendance requirement. Failure to meet the attendance requirement could lead to dismissal from the institution if the absences exceed 20% of the total program hours.Absences will count from the first official day of classes and not from the first day the student attends. If a student starts a course late, time missed becomes part of the 14 consecutive calendar days and absence percentage. Absences such as military service, illness, work, and personal or family-related emergency do not eliminate the absence from the student’s record. Students may be allowed to make up work for these types of absences at the discretion of the instructor. Refer to the class syllabus for further details.The specific requirements for attendance are as follows:

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1. Students enrolled in either a degree or diploma programme: will be dismissed from the Institution if they are absent more than 20% of the total programme hours (conversely, must attend 80% of total programme hours).

2. will be dismissed from the Institution if they are absent for more than 14 consecutive calendar days, excluding the Institution’s holidays, breaks and emergency closures of five days or greater. In the event that a break of five (5) days or greater occurs, students will be dismissed from the Institution if they fail to return within three (3) business days after the holiday, break or emergency closure. If the student is eventually determined to be a withdrawal, the end of the 14-day period begins the time frame for completing a Return of Title IV Funds calculation. In the event that a student provides notification of his or her withdrawal prior to the date that the student would normally be withdrawn for an attendance policy violation, the date of determination is the date of the student’s notification.

3. If a student starts a course after the first class day, then class time missed becomes part of the 20% absence calculation.

4. If a student arrives late for class or leaves early, time missed will be marked as absent and becomes part of the 20% absence calculation.

5. No excuses or documentation will be accepted to remove absent time from a student's record. Make-up work may be permitted.

6. Student attendance is posted daily and is available in the Student Portal on the first page after logging into the portal.

7. Students dismissed due to lack of attendance may be readmitted at the discretion of the Campus President, and no earlier than the beginning of the next grading period.

8. Students may follow the process presented in the Grievance Policy outlined in the campus catalog if they feel an error has been made in their attendance calculation.

MAKE-UP WORKAll absences, regardless of reasons, are considered in applying the institution’s attendance policy. However, absences may be classified as excused or unexcused for purposes of allowing make-up work. The following absences may be classified as excused for permitting make-up work:

Absence due to emergency medical treatment for self or immediate family may be considered as an excused absence with appropriate written documentation from the health care facility.

Absence due to unavoidable jury duty may be considered an excused absence with appropriate written documentation.

Absence due to employment-related training or special assignments may be considered an excused absence with appropriate written documentation.

Absence due to military reserve or active duty obligations may be considered excused with appropriate written documentation.

ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTAssessment is conducted to inform practice and is an ongoing process of:

Establishing clear, measurable expected outcomes of student learning Ensuring that students have sufficient opportunities to achieve those outcomes Systematically gathering, analyzing, and interpreting evidence to determine how well student learning

matches our outcomes/expectations Using the resulting information to understand and improve student learning

Important of SPACS Assessments are: To find out what the students know (knowledge) To find out what the students can do, and how well they can do it (skill; performance) To find out how students go about the task of doing their work (process)

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To find out how students feel about their work (motivation, effort)SPACS Student Assessments help us:

To help us design and modify programmes to better promote learning and student success. To provide common definitions and benchmarks for student abilities that will enable us to act more

coherently and effectively to promote student learning. To provide feedback, guidance, and mentoring to students so as to help them better plan and execute

their educational programmes. To provide improved feedback about student learning to support faculty in their work.

Note: All lectures main body notes are presented in PowerPoint format Student activities can be find in programme project research

STUDENT ASSESSMENT METHODS Written to assess knowledge and understanding as well as intellectual skills mostly in multiple choice

questions format. Student Activities (Research/Assignment) to assess all skills including transferrable & professional skills. Case Presentation to assess general and transferrable skills.

Assessment ScheduleTotal 100% Assessment/evaluation of learning are through the following;

Assessment 1 - Lecture attendance 5% Assessment 2 - Spot text 5% Assessment 3 - Assignments/researches/Activities (portfolio) throughout the semester 10% Assessment 4 - End of Semester General Exam 60% Assessment 5 - Laboratory participation with the submission of lab report 5% Assessment 6 - Class presentations, role play throughout the semester 5% Assessment 7 – Final Written (2) at the end of the programme 10%

EXAM BEHAVIOR Privacy screens must be used at all times. Only a writing instrument and a non-programmable calculator should be at your desk. All book bags and other bags should be left at the front of the room. Scratch paper will be given to you. The use of programmable calculators and electronic devices, capable of storing, receiving or

transmitting data, is prohibited during an exam or quiz unless expressly authorized by the courseinstructor. Such devices must be turned off and left with your belongings in front of the room.

Students are not allowed to leave the classroom during an examination.

RELEASING OF STUDENTS’ OF GRADES The process of providing moderated grades and feedback to students comprises of the following 4 stages:

Standardization, First Marking, Internal Verification and External Examination. These processes are required to be adopted for all items of assessment, including non-written submissions such as presentations, performances, and portfolios.

Standardization The purpose of a standardization process is to establish that all assessors are applying the agreed grade

criteria consistently. In practice, this involves the relevant group of Assessors each independently marking a sample of pieces of student work and assigning grades using pre-agreed criteria1. The marking teams then compare and discuss the outcomes to standardize their approaches. Guidance: Standardization is particularly useful for new assessment items, newly reworked assessment items or where new staff is

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involved in the assessment and feedback process as it enables everyone to become familiar with the marking standards and conventions for that particular assessment item.

First Marking First Marking is typically carried out by the module/course/chapter/sub-department tutor (the first

assessor). It is acceptable for large numbers of assessment items to be marked by module/course/chapter/sub-department teams. The first assessor will provide both feedback and feedforward to the student (i.e. feedback to justify the allocated grade, and feedforward to support learner development via ‘advice for action’

Where assessments are highly numerical or broken down into several constituent parts, it is the responsibility of the first assessor to ensure that the summation of all grades awarded is accurate by checking all submissions and calculations.

Second Marking: - The purpose of second marking is to corroborate the reliability of the marking standards applied by the

first assessor. It is considered to be the first stage of Internal Verification. A second assessor must review the grade and any feedback/feedforward provided using the published assessment criteria. The second assessor can suggest awarding a different grade to that allocated by the first assessor as well as offer additional or different feedback/feedforward.

Internal Verification Internal Verification is the process whereby grades and feedback are confirmed to ensure that they are

appropriate, fair and reliable across all items of assessment. It begins with the process of second marking in relation to the appropriate sample size

Internal Verification is usually carried out by the first and second assessors discussing and agreeing the grade and any feedback/feedforward. Where agreement cannot be reached between the first and second assessors, the Programme or Subject Leader will adjudicate.

All Internal Verification discussions regarding first, second and agreed marks, as well as information regarding the assessment sample must be recorded in the Instructor/Grading Notes fields in the SPACS Grade Centre (departmentally).

External Examiner scrutiny should occur as follows:

a. The sample size within a module will be at least 10% or at least six pieces of work from each assessment item, whichever is greater. Where a cohort comprises five students or fewer, all items will have been second marked.

b. The sample should be taken from all modules in those levels which contribute to the final award classification. In addition, the sample should include material from last semester of any new course.

c. Attention should focus on those items that have been awarded: A fail A borderline pass/fail A mark at an interface between grades Extremes of grade boundaries

By using the general standard criteria as below90-100 A+, 80-89 A, 70-79 B+, 60-69 C+, pass 50-59 D+, borderline 40-45 +, fail

d. The sample will contain items that were chosen for internal second marking and those that were not.

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e. A copy of the Assessment Moderation Form is available to all External Examiners via the External Examiner area at the SPACS site.

f. External Examiners can view other pieces of students’ assessed work, beyond that which is included in the sample, if they wish.

g. External Examiners will not be asked to adjudicate in cases of disagreement between internal assessors. Such disagreements will be referred to the Programme Coordinator.

SUSPENSION, DISMISSAL AND TERMINATION OF ACADEMIC PROGRAMME

All students are expected to conduct themselves as responsible adults, to attend classes regularly, and to maintain a satisfactory level of academic achievement. The Institution reserves the right to suspend or dismiss any student who:

Exhibits conduct found by the administration to be detrimental to fellow students, other individuals, the community, or the Institution, as addressed in the Conduct section of this catalog;

Fails to maintain satisfactory academic progress; Fails to meet attendance standards; or Fails to meet financial obligations to the Institution.

Time on suspension will be counted as an absence from the Institution and cannot exceed the allowable absences stated in the attendance policy.

TRANSCRIPTS A complete set of each student's records, including a transcript of grades, is maintained in a permanent file. Copies of the student’s transcript may be requested from the Student Portal. The College will not send out transcripts unless requested in writing by the individual student. Official transcripts, degrees, and diplomas will be withheld until all financial obligations to the College are satisfied

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