120424 Wind Midterm

7/31/2019 120424 Wind Midterm

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W I N DM e l i s s a , L u c y & L i z

wind |wind|noun

the perceptible natural movement o air, especially in the orm o a current o air blowing rom a particular direction; the wind howled about the building | an easterly wind | [mass noun]; gusts o wind.used iwth reerence to an impending situation; he had seen which way the wind was blowing.the rush o air casued by a ast-moving body.a scent carried by the wind, ind icating the proximity o an animal or person.

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I the building is located with respect to predominant wind directions, higher pressure air on the upwindside will be orced to move through the building via openings.

Maximum perormance occurs when inlets and outlets are placed at a diagonal in both section and plan.

The cooler , dense r air abovethe water rushes to i l l its placecausing the wind to blow

Air above land mass heats upmore rapidly during the daycausing it to rise and expand

Nig h t Win d Cy c le D iag ram

During the night, air above landlooses heat more rapidly than airabove water, resulting in air romthe land rushing to i l l the airover water

Air drops most o itsmoisture on the winwardslope due to decreasingatmospheric pressureand increasing altitude

Dierent adiabaticlapse rates o moistand dry air causeair on the Leewardslope to becomewarmer

U P W I N

D S

L O P E

D O W N W I N

D S L O P E

U P W I N D S I D E

D O W N W I N D S I D E

Higher air pressureon the upwind side

Lower air pressure onthe downwind side

Win d Ove r a Moun tain Win d Ove r a Build in g

Cro ss Venti lat i on D iagram Pas si ve s olar De sig n Pr i nc ip als

Glob al Win d Patte rn D iag ram

The Cau se o Wi nd

The wind is caused by anuneven heating o the suraceo our earth by the sun.

The reason or the unevenheating is due to the dierentsuraces o our earth; landand water.

Ch ris tc h urc h Sun A n g le D iag ram

June 21

Dec 21

March 13

Summer sunDec 2112 Noon70 0

Winter sunJune 2112 Noon23 0

Therma l masswith absorber

When wind hits a building the air will speed up in order to lowaround the building to the opposite side. This creates a positivepressure on the upwind side and a negative pressure on thedownwind side

Type :Synoptic |snäptik|adjective1. o or orming a general summary or synopsisSynoptic scale winds are measured at a large, general scale. Thesegeneral or over all conditions have a direct relationship with mesoscalephenomena, providing conditions that either enhance or supress them. This aect isexe rted throu gh win d sp eed an d cl oud co ver w hich can a -ect the solar gain o the ground and building mass.

Mesoscale |mezskāl; mē-|noun chiely Meteorologyan intermediate scale, esp. that between the scales o weather systemsand o microclimates, on which storms and other phenomena occur.Meso scale winds are measured at anintermediate stage between micro and synoptic scale wind systems. This scale is wh ere the c onlic t oc curs which creat es s torms and u nsta-ble wind patterns. Mesoscale wind systems transer heat and moistureto the overlaying synoptic wind system.

Micro-scale |mīkrō|

combining orm1 small : microcar.-o reduced or restricted size

Micro scale winds are local scale and relate to regional and city areas.

D ay Win d Cy c le D iag ram

l o w e n e r g y d e s i g n - p a s s i v ev e n t i l a t i o n a n d s o l a r g a i n

t h e w i n d r e g i m e i n t h en a t u r a l e n v i r o n m e n t

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High wind speedModeratewind speedLow wind speed

Air ows around the volume.

Someair ows over,somearound.Leewaveseparation.

Resonance-most intenseleewaves.Createseddies.

Boundary layer separation. m a s s d e n s i t y s t u d yd o m i n a n t w i n d t y p e

Foehn

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s c a l a r s h i t s i n w i n d p a t t e r n s

w i n d s p e e d s a t s e l e c t e dc a n t e r b u r y w i n d s t a t i o n s

Sp e e d k m / h

Ashburton

Akaroa

Le Bons Bay

Culverdon

Wakanui Cws

Methven

Christchurch, New Brighton Pier Aws

Dorie Cws @LLeerinkss

Winchmore Ews

Lyttleton Harbour

Leeston Ews

Darield 2 Ews

Hamner Forest Ews

Christchurch Aero

Christchurch, Kyle St Ews

Leeston, Harts Creek Cws

West Eyerton, Larundel Farm Cws

Rangiora Ews

Lincoln, Broadield Ews

Sugar Loa Aws

Win d Station s

The data collec ted has been taken hourly each day o ver a on e ye ar p eriodbetween 19 March 2011 and 19 March 2012. The lowest (oten 0km/h) , high-est and mean wind speeds taken at the various stations have been graphed

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• Axis orotation is parallel to the ground

• Blades need to acethedirection othewind;thereore,they requirea mechanism thatautomatically positions thewind turbinehead toaceagainst thedirection othewind

• Need to beplaced at high altitudes to exposethem to theappropriatewind regime

• Becausetheblades arealways acingthedirectionothewind they havea moreecient energyconversion

• Moresuited to commercial applications

HORIZONTAL AXIS

VERTICAL AXIS

WIND TUR BIN ES

MOUNTED ONBUILDINGS

SITUATED NEXT TOBUILDINGS

INTEGRATED INTO THEFABRIC OF BUILDINGS

P ROS CONS

• Exposed to wind o a higher speed • Air low is oten turbulent asopposed to laminar

• High loading

• Possibly too small to be eective

• Noise/vibration

• High loading is not an issue

• Vibration is not an issue and noise isreduced

• Exposed to wind o a lower speed

• Air low is oten turbulent asopposed to laminar

• Requires a large site area

• Uses the building to alter/augmentthe wind low into the turbine

• Exposed to wind o a higher speed

• High loading

• Noise/Vibration

$$$

$

• Axis orotation is perpendicular to theground

• Can operatewithout accountingor winddirection

• Can operatein volatile/turbulent windenvironments

• Can beplaced closer to theground,makingthemeasier to install and maintain

• Halthetimethe blades areturningagainstthewind givingthem a less ecient energyconversion

• Moresuited to residential applications

r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y p r o d u c t i o n

s o u r c e s a n d e e c t s o p o l l u t i o n

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t h e e e c t o w i n d d i r e c t i o no n p o l l u t i o nc h r i s t c h u r c h p o l l u t i o n m a p s

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c l i m a t i c e e c t o n p o l l u t i o nd i s p e r s i o n p o s t - e a r t h q u a k e

Theeect o orm on wind ow

orm/ôrm/

Noun:Te visible shape or confguration o something.

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Squa re Ci rc ular Tr i angular Oc tangona l Re c ta ngul ar Oval Convex/Conca veEye

Nor ’We st Wind

South-We st Wind

Nor th-East Wind

Ove r layw i n d a n d o r m c a t a l o g u e 1


S quar e Cir cul ar Tr ia ngul ar Oc ta ngonal R ec tangul ar O val Conve x/ConcaveEye

Nor ’We st Wind

South-We st Wind

Nor th-East Wind



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S quare Ci r cula r Tri angula r Oc tangonal Re c tangul ar Oval C onve x/C onc aveEye

Nor ’We st Wind

South-We st Wind

Nor th-East Wind



Squar e Ci rc ul ar Tr i angular Oc tangona l R e ctangul ar Oval Convex/ConcaveEye

Nor ’We st Wind

South-We st Wind

Nor th-East Wind



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S quare C ir cula r Tri angul ar Oc tangonal Re c tangular Ova l C onve x/C onc aveEye

Nor ’We st Wind

South-We st Wind

Nor th-East Wind



Eye Eye Eye Tr i angula r Tr i angula r Convex/Concave Conve x/Concave

Nor ’We st Wind

South-We st Wind

Nor th-East Wind



Eye

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c a t a l o u g u e a n a l y s i s 1

Analysis : When wind approaches a mass its path is diverted around theorm.Thestudies exhibit a swirlingback motion;it appears that thesidethis occurs on is thesidewherethewind travels alongthesuraceotheorm or thelongest.When thewind wrapsaround thesuraceo theorm equivalently,the swirlingback motion is not as dominant .

Sq uare Ci rc ul ar Tr i ang ular Oc t ango nal Re c tan gu lar Oval Con ve x/ Co nc aveEye

Vacuum createdbehind orm

swirlingback motion

no signifcantswirlingback motion observed

Bernoulli’s Principal:

Bernoulli’s principal states that theincreasein thespeed oa uid (liquid or gas) occurs simultaneouslywith a decreasein pressure.

It is this principal that causes thedragand lit eectthat is required to turn theblades o a wind turbine.

Bernoulli ’s principal applied to wind turbine

Bernoulli’s principal can beobserved in theormstudies.Thewi nd moves aster alongthegreaterlength suraceo theobstruction. This correspondswith a lower air pressureon this side.This astermovingair appears to swirl back on itsel.

wind directionaster movingair/lower air pressure

slower movingair/greater air pressure

M A C R O - S I N G U L A R

MASSING -to createshelter rom dominant winds

-to augment wind ow as to createoptimal areas or harnessingwind energy

Mac ro - Sin g ular

a i r l o w a r o u n d o r m

Analysis : When consideringpermeability,shapes that divergeto a singlepoint exhibit themost eectiveness in directingwind between them.This is exhibited in thestrongwind ow between thetriangular and eyeorms.The circle orms also show a reasonablystrongwind ow between them,whilethe oval and convex/concaveorms allowed moderateamounts owind to pass between them.In contrast,the cube,rectangular and octagonal orms did not allow wind to ow between them,indicatingthat they would not beconducive to promotingpermeability in a suraceapplication.

North-East wind

North-West wind

South-West wind

Sq uare Ci rc ul ar Tr iang ul ar Oc tan go nal Rec tan gul ar Oval Convex /Con c aveEye

Venturi Eect:

TheVenturi eect is thereduc tion in uid (liquid orgas) pressureand increasein velocity that resultswhen a uid ows through a constricted area

reduction in pressureand increasein velocity

M I C R O - M U L T I P L E

c a t a l o u g u e a n a l y s i s 2

a i r l o w t h r o u g h o r m s

PERMEABILITY -to direct air-ow or passiveventilation

Mic ro - Mult ip le

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Analysis : Forms that taper in at thebasecreate maximum shelter rom wind at ground level.Forms that taper towards thetophave theopposite eect,creating less shelter rom high wind speeds at ground level.Forms that taper in at both thetop and bottompromoteshelter at ground level and theexhibit thehighest wind speeds over thetopo theorm; this principlecould beapplied to createsheltered outdoor areas at theground level oa buildingand high wind speeds at thetop oa building that couldbeharnessed via wind turbineapplications.


m a c r o / s i n g u l a r c a t a l o g u e

Cir cular Circ ulartap e re d at b as e

Circ ulartap e re d at top

Circ ulars lan te d tow ard w in d

d ire c tion

Circ ulars lan te d aw ay rom

w in d d ire c tion

Re ct iline ar Re c til in e artap e re d at b as e

Re c til in e artap e re d at top

Re c til in e ars lan te d tow ard w in d

d ire c tion

Re c til in e ars lan te d aw ay rom

w in d d ire c tion

Concave( r e lat ive to wind

dir e ct ion)

Con ve x(re lat ive to w in d d i-

re c tion )

S ph ere Ey e orm Eye orm

winddirection

wind speeds upover orm

winddirection

Vacuum attopoormwith no wind

I n c re as e in Sp e e d

V ac uum E e c t

no vacuumdirectly aboveorm

winddirection

AbsenceoVacuum

Re p e tit ion o tr ian g ular orm orp ote n tia l s ur ac e ap p lic ation

Re p e tit ion o e y e orm orp ote n tia l s ur ac e ap p lic ation

m i c r o / m u l t i p l e c a t a l o g u e

Analysis : Repetition othet riangular orm lends to a moredirect and linear airow between penetrations,as opposed to theeyeorm that results in a swirlingair ow pattern between penetrations.Both orms show an increased wind speed when theair ow isdirected through theconstricted openings which is consistent with earlier studies and theVenturi Eect.

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“A world-class conventioncentrein theheart othecentral city is critical orChristchurch’s economicrecovery and will enablethe city to regain itsstrong position in theconventions market.”

Proposed Site

ExistingSite

Proposed Compact CBD

Avon River

ExisitngGreen Space

s i t e a n d p r o g r a mc o n v e n t i o n c e n t r e

legend

E xi st i ng CBD Lo c atio n Plan Prop ose d Com pac t CBD Prop ose d Conve ntio n Cent re Site

Cathedral Square - Buildings to be Demolished

He ig h t Guid e lin e s

Cathedral Square - Ater Demolition

2500m2

2500m2

10800m2

2500m2

2700m2

Plenary Space2500person capacity

3x 500m2 Breakout Rooms

60-100m2 Breakout Rooms

6x 1800m2 TradeHalls

Banquet Hall2500-3000person cpacity

Transistional space/acilities

21000m2 Proposed Option

Plenary Space2500person capacity

3x 500m2 Breakout Rooms

60-100m2 Breakout Rooms

6x 1800m2 TradeHalls

Banquet Hall2500-3000person cpacity

Transistional space/acilities

Bars,Caes,Retail

Breakout Rooms

3x 1800m 2

TradeHalls

Transitionalspace/acilities

Servicing

Existing 7500m2 Program 26000m2 Proposed Option

TheChristchurch Convention Centrewas New Zealands only purposebuilt convention centre.Thetotal capacity was 2,500

people.The3 halls could behired out seperately or together to hold major plenary sessions or upto 2,200 peopletheatre

styleand 1350peopleor a gala dinner.Therewerealso 7breakout rooms that could beconfgured to hold between 30and

130delegates each.Thehalls had a 1864m2 pillarless at oor spaceand an 8m high ceiling.

s i t e a n d p r o g r a m

Ex is t in g Ch ris tc h urc h Con ve n tion Ce n tre I s om e tr ic V ie w

The New Convention c entre calls or double the amount o hall space and a corresponding in crease in br eakout rooms. They would like a divi dable

plenary that can hold 2500 people so that they are no longer reliant on the Christchurch Town Hall’s plenary space. There is also a desire or an

on-site banquet hall that can be used whilst the halls are set up or events. Consideration is to be given to the possiblity o incorporating a hotel

within the new convention centre.

The incorporation o networking sp aces, such as bars and caes, are c rucial to the convention centres success as they would encourage delegates

to stay on-site and would also act as an attractor o low. Flat loor access is very important or the trade-halls so that exhibitions can be packed in

and out easily and eiciently. Consideration should be given to uture-prooing and expansion.

Breakout Rooms

TradeHalls

Plenary Space

Banquet Hall

Caes/Bars

Prog ram Re lation s h ip s

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Ex is t in g CBD - b e ore e arth q uak eNor’ We s t Win d

Ex is t in g CBD - b e ore e arth q uak eSouth e rly (South - We s t) Win d

Ex is t in g CBD - b e ore e arth q uak eNor’ We s t / South e rly Ove rlay

Prop os e d SiteNor’ We s t Win d

Prop os e d SiteSouth e rly (South - We s t) Win d

Prop os e d SiteEas te r ly (North - Eas t) Win d

w i n d p a t t e r n s i nc h r i s t c h u r c h C B D


porous//

adjective

(oa rock or other material) havingminute interstices through which liquid or air may pass:layers oporo uslimestones

somerocks aremore porous than others not retentiveor secure:he ran through a porous homedeenceto scoreeasily

Derivatives

porosity

NW SW NE NW + SW + NE

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human pe r ce pt ion

macroscale

mesoscale

microscale

ve ils inve st igat ion

shelterbelts

porosity studies

synopsis

- POROSITY-Ideally 50%,to slow thewind,not stopit altogether.- HEIGHT -Preerably as tall as thesituation allows.Deciduous trees can provideexcellent shade and shelter,withlittleshadingin winter.- SPECIES -A mix odeciduous trees and nativeevergreens has thebeneft otheideal

50%porosity.- SPACING -Singlerow shelter 1.2to 1.5m apart.Multiplerows and timber belts 1.8to 2.5m.

shelterbelt noun

a lineotrees or shrubs planted to protect an area,especially a feld ocrops,rom ferce weather.

tree christchurch canterbury plains

Through theprincipals oshelterbelts discover traits through veils and boundaries in which to harness thewind in thebuilt environment.Through which it will enhancetheperception ospaceand the engagement oits occupants.

Shelterbelts areused to protect rom soil errosion,Christchurch winds,provided an uncomortablesocial environmentbringingthebasis oa shelterbelt oward into thebuilt environment is an appropriateapproach in which to makeChristchurch a morecomortableclimate.

I want to seek ways in which to harness thewind and makes its occupants unconsciously awareoits presence.Thisinvestigation olevels oporositys in combination with suraces should bringourth a languagein which to executethis.

traits

shelterbelts eect on wind

shelter belts redirect thewind by causinga changein pressure.this means it will slow thewind down bychangingthedirection osomeo thevolumeowind.

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layers oporosity -veils

reaction owind on suraces -controll abletraits.

d i sp e rse . w r ap . p r essur e . d i st o rt .

r e e c t. r e tr a ct . h a rn e ss . sp li t .

r ef ne . d e er . c on si st an t. b lo ck .


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por osity - mass

macroscale

mesoscale

microscale

extrusion o veils. anaylsis- macroscale

to laterally test boundarys and porosity o orms rom theextrusion othe above veils. Mov-ingrom vertical to horizontal ,to study thecontrast oi mpervous suraces,verus completeporous suraces.Capturingthe impact owind on theseand physcially illustrating thedier-encein pressures that occur.

boundar y inve st igat ion

anaylsis- mesoscale anaylsis- microscale analysed traits

unnel. ollow.

bounce. trap.

shape. circulate.

morphe. linger.

direct. rise.

drop. transer.

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ve ils as mass

controllingpressures -veils as mass (a prototypestudy)

rom theaboveanaylsis ,thecombinations oveils as a mass will reducehigh pressurezones,and thereorea moreinhabitableenvironment.Thesemasses and veils can be designed to incorporatetheanalysed traits as needed.Byincreasingtheporosity a denser air will prevail,by havingan averageo 50%coveragea neutral environment will beobtained.Thereoreby treatinga mass as a veil,theair pressureshould beable to becontrolled.

pressurebuild upagainstsolid boundary

pressuredispersion throughveils

m ic ros cal eana yls is pr es sur eco nc en tr at io n

creatingthresholds. mass veils study -pressure.

extrusion omultipleporous suraces

through a combination omass and theveil orms urther control owind can beobtained.creatingthresholds odier-ent environments.

topplaneto besliced. singlethreshold layer doublethreshold layer

porous mass multiple porosity

mass ,porous volume sliced to orm dierent thresholds,where wind can becomeisolated and controlled in dierent environments.Taken rom thebulk studies and how thepressurebuilt upa s opposed to thedispersion through layers.A porous mass could beput in placeto createa more consistantairow.

Porosity can becontrolled to create areas ohigh and low pressure.Less porous whereyou want to contain theair and moreporous whereyou want amoreneutral environment.

site

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pr ogr am

0

air |air|noun1[mass noun] theinvisiblegaseous substancesurroundingthe earth,a mixturemainly ooxygen and nitrogen.

movement |muvm(e)nt|noun1an act omoving.

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measurement,observation and trasnlation measurement,observation and trasnlation

S t 01

S t 04

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Set:01

Set:02

Set:03

observation in a controlled environment

Set:04

Set:05

Set:06

Set:07

local observation in a controlled environment

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1.Wave

2.Sink

3.Pinch

4.Swell

5.Overlap

fvetypical patt erns shown in wind motion orm generation

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orm generation orm generation

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itteration

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During our research and analysis o wind there where three scalesidentifed;

1. Macro/Synoptic Scale |snäptik|adjectiveo or orming a general summary or synopsisSynoptic scale winds are measured at a large, generalscale. These general or over all conditions have a directrelationship with mesoscale phenomena, providing conditionsthat either enhance or supress them. This aect isexerted throughwind speed and cloud cover which can aect the solar gain o theground and building mass.

2 . Meso Scale |me zsk āl ; mē - |noun chie ly Me te orologyan intermediate scale, esp. that between the scales o weather systems and o microclimates, on which stormsand other phenomena occur

3. Micro Scale |mīk rō|

combining orm1 small : microcar.o reduced or restricted sizeMicro scale winds are local scale and relate to regionaland city areas.

The macro scale relates to the urban context in which all threeproposals are located. The meso scale addresses each buildingprogram, and the way in which it can act as an intermediate layerbetween the macro and the micro scale. The micro scale refnes itdown to how the spaces within the buildings are inhabited andhow those inhabitants experience the spaces.

120424 Wind Midterm

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