Invertebrates 4 Phylum Mollusca. Phylum Mollusca: The “soft-bodied” animals.
12 Mollusca - Foot and Shell
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Transcript of 12 Mollusca - Foot and Shell
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
“Foot & Shell inMollusca”
A presentation compiled from various sources by
Dr. PARVISH PANDYA,Zoology Dept. Bhavan’s College, Andheri.
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Sites from which presentations have been downloaded and later editted. I am indeed thankful to them for their kindness and support :http://esg-www.mit.edu:8001/esgbio/cb/org/organelles.htmlhttp://faculty.pnc.edu/jcamp/parasit/parasit.htmlhttp://www.amnh.org/rose/hope/creatinghope/http://www.biology.eku.edu/SCHUSTER/bio%20141/POWERPOINT%20NOTES/Intro%20to%20Protozoa_files/fullscreen.htmhttp://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~zoology/eeob405/http://www.tulane.edu/~wiser/protozoology/pwpt/http://www.iep.water.ca.gov/suisun/photos/wildlife.htmlhttp://www.uta.edu/biology/marshall/2343/http://www.uta.edu/biology/faculty/faculty.htmlhttp://www.okc.cc.ok.us/biologylabs/Documents/Zoology/PowerPoint.htmhttp://bio.fsu.edu/http://www.aw-bc.com/http://www.nhm.org/http://www.geo.cornell.edu/eas/education/course/descr/EAS302/presentations/
It is very easy to find mistakes in these presentations…..I request you to kindly rectify them and supply me the modifications needed at [email protected] a lot and have fun in teaching & learning Zoology….
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Phylum Mollusca
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Phylum Mollusca
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Phylum Mollusca (mollis, soft)
• Body usually an anterior head, ventral foot and a dorsal visceral mass.
• Covered by a fleshy outgrowth of the body wall called a mantle.– Shell if present is secreted by the mantle
• Radula- a tongue-like structure bearing transvers rows of minute chitinous teeth.
• Good phylum for demonstrating Adaptative Radiation.
• With the exception of Monoplacophora, the phylum is unsegmented.
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Systems
•• SkeletalSkeletal- Mantle may secretes a shell. Use hydrostatic pressure for ventral muscular foot.
•• MusclesMuscles -Ventral muscular foot and other muscles present.
•• DigestiveDigestive- complete complex with salivary glands, digestive gland and Rasping tongue (Radula).
•• CirculatoryCirculatory - Open except for Cephalopoda. Dorsal heart, usually in a pericardial cavity.
•• RespiratoryRespiratory - Ctenidia (gills) in mantle cavity, respiratory pigment is copper.
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Systems
•• ExcretoryExcretory- by nephridia usually connecting to the pericardial cavity, – the coelom is usually reduced to the cavities of the nephridia,
gonads and pericardium.•• NervousNervous - Nerve ring with various pairs of ganglia—two
pairs of nerve cords, one innervating the foot, the other the visceral mass (modified ventral ladder-like system)
•• IntegumentaryIntegumentary - Mantle•• EndocrineEndocrine - nervous systems produces hormones.•• ReproductiveReproductive - varied- monoecious, protandric, or
dioecious. Larva in marine = trochophore and veliger, in freshwater clam is glochidium.
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Molluscs
• 50,000 -100,000 living species
• 35,000 extinct species• Largest = 1000 pounds• 80% less than 5 cm• Soft body• Most have a shell• Most marine• Snails terrestrial
– Most habitat
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Numbers of speciesNumbers of species
Echinodermata
Ciliophora
ChordataMollusca
PlatyhelminthesNematoda
PoriferaAnnelida
Other
ApicomplexSarcomastigophora
Arthropoda
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Economics
• Pearls• Burrowing shipworms • Snails & slugs
– Garden pests– Food– Intermediate hosts for
parasites
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Phylum Mollusca• Ventral Foot
– Locomotion• Mantle
– Encloses mantle cavity• Shell• Radula• Coelom• Metanephridia• Open circulatory
system– Closed in cephalopods
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Trochophore Larva• Same type as Phylum
Annelida
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
MyxozoaMyxozoaMyxozoa
ArthropodaArthropodaArthropoda AnnelidaAnnelidaAnnelidaMolluscaMolluscaMollusca
LophophoresLophophoresLophophores
HemichordataHemichordataHemichordata
VertebrataVertebrataVertebrata
Other pseudocoelomates
Other Other pseudocoelomatespseudocoelomates
NematodaNematodaNematoda
PoriferaPoriferaPorifera
CtenophoraCtenophoraCtenophoraCnidariaCnidariaCnidaria
PlacozoaPlacozoaPlacozoa
PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthesNemerteaNemerteaNemertea
CiliophoraCiliophoraCiliophoraSarcomastigophoraSarcomastigophoraSarcomastigophora
MicrosporaMicrosporaMicrosporaApicomplexaApicomplexaApicomplexa
MesozoaMesozoaMesozoa
EchinodermataEchinodermataEchinodermata
CrustaceaCrustaceaCrustaceaChelicerataChelicerataChelicerata
UniramiaUniramiaUniramia
Other ChordataOther Other ChordataChordata
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Body PlanBody Plan
Mantle cavityMantle cavityMantle cavity
CtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidium
MetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridium
GonadGonadGonad
Stomach and digestive glandStomach and digestive glandStomach and digestive gland FootFootFoot
Pericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity
RadulaRadulaRadula
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Dorsal mantle covers the visceral mass.
Dorsal mantle covers the visceral mass.
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Secretes the shellSecretes the shell
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Ctenidium (Respiration)Ctenidium (Respiration)
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Complete digestive systemComplete digestive system
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Paired ventral nerve cordsPaired ventral nerve cords
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
RadulaRadula
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Radular Structure
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Coelom - metanephridiaCoelom - metanephridia
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Class Scaphopoda
• Tooth shells (or Tusk shells)– Shell and mantle
slender, tubular, and slightly curved. It is open at both ends
Dentalium
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Class Scaphopoda
• Tooth shells• Shell opens on both
ends• Burrow into mud• No gills
– Mantle for gas exchange
• Feed on detritus and protozoa
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Class ScaphododaClass Scaphododa
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Class PolyplacophoraChitons
Class PolyplacophoraChitons
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Class PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora• Eight dorsal plates• Reduced head• Radula reinforced
with iron– Scrape algae from
rocks
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Class Polyplacophora
Mantle cavityMantle cavityMantle cavityMouthMouthMouth
CtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidium
FootFootFoot
AnusAnusAnus
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Class PolyplacophoraClass Polyplacophora
Digestivegland
DigestiveDigestiveglandgland
StomachStomachStomach GonadGonadGonadPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity
NephridiumNephridiumNephridium
AnusAnusAnus
MouthMouthMouth
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Class BivalviaClams, Oysters, Shipworms
Class BivalviaClams, Oysters, Shipworms
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Class Bivalvia
• Two shells• Most are filter feeders• No head or radula• Burrow
– Sand, wood, rocks
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Giant Clam & Burrowing Clam
Siphon
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Locomotion with FootLocomotion with Foot
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Zebra Mussel
• Environmental Pest• Ballast water of ships
from Europe in 1986• Attach be secreting
adhesive byssalthreads– Each other– Other mussels– Man made objects
• Pipes, plumbing
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Zebra Mussel
• Live in high densities• Feed on
phytoplankton• Reproduce rapidly
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Bivalve structuresBivalve structures
CtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidium
ExcurrentsiphonExcurrentExcurrentsiphonsiphon
HingeHingeHinge
FootFootFoot
Labial palpLabial Labial palppalp
IncurrentsiphonIncurrentIncurrentsiphonsiphon
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Clam anatomyClam anatomy
HeartHeartHeart
GonadGonadGonadIntestineIntestineIntestine
StomachStomachStomach IncurrentIncurrentIncurrent
ExcurrentExcurrentExcurrent
IntestineIntestineIntestine
MetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridiumPericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Clam anatomyClam anatomy
GonadGonadGonad
StomachStomachStomachIncurrentIncurrentIncurrent
ExcurrentExcurrentExcurrent
Digestivegland
DigestiveDigestiveglandgland
IntestineIntestineIntestine
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Clam anatomyClam anatomy
HeartHeartHeart
IncurrentIncurrentIncurrent
ExcurrentExcurrentExcurrent
IntestineIntestineIntestine
Pericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Pericardial cavityPericardial cavityPericardial cavity
HeartHeartHeart
GonadGonadGonad
IncurrentIncurrentIncurrent
ExcurrentExcurrentExcurrent
IntestineIntestineIntestine
Clam anatomyClam anatomyMetanephridiumMetanephridiumMetanephridium
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Oysters
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Pearl formation
ShellShellShell
Irritant lodged between shell and mantle
Layers of nacre secreted around foreign material
Developing pearlDeveloping pearlDeveloping pearl
EpitheliumEpitheliumEpithelium
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Scallops
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Oyster and Scallop
Scallop shells
Oyster cluster Oyster shells
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Shipworms
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Teredo (shipworm)and the Rock boring worm
Teredo Teredo in wood
Rock boring clam
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Class GastropodaSnails, Slugs, Conchs, Limpets
Class GastropodaSnails, Slugs, Conchs, Limpets
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Class Gastropoda
• One shell (if present)• Torsion of body
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Torsion in
Gastropods
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Snail
• Terrestrail• Mantle cavity
functions as lung
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Snail
Tentacle(Eye stalks)TentacleTentacle(Eye stalks)(Eye stalks)
TentacleTentacleTentacle
PneumostomePneumostomePneumostome
MouthMouthMouth
Genital poreGenital poreGenital pore
ShellShellShell
AnusAnusAnus
FootFootFoot
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Internal Structure of a Generalized Gastropod
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Busycon (Whelk)
Busycon (shell removed)
Busycon shells
Busycon eggs
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Other Gastropods
Abalone shells
Conch
Examples of gastropoda
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AbaloneAbalone
• Several holes in top of shell– Excrete waste
• Food for man
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Nudibranch
• No shell• Dorsal projections
– Gills– Nematocyst discharge
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Slug
• No shell• Garden pests
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Limpet
• Herbivores• Cling to rocks or other surfaces
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Conch
• Large shell• Marine• Many are predators
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Class CephalopodaSquids, Octopuses, Nautiluses
Class CephalopodaSquids, Octopuses, Nautiluses
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Class Cephalopoda
• Shell in squid and octopus absent or vestigial
• Jet propulsion• Ink sac• Food modified into
arms and tentacles• Marine• All predators
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
SquidSquid
DorsalDorsal
Posterior surfacePosterior surface
RightRight
LeftLeft
VentralVentral
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
SquidSquid
FinFinFin
ArmArmArm
Funnel (siphon)Funnel (siphon)Funnel (siphon)
EyeEyeEye
TentacleTentacleTentacle
CollarCollarCollar
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
SquidSquidShell (Pen)Shell (Pen)Shell (Pen)
CtenidiumCtenidiumCtenidiumFunnelFunnelFunnel
SystemicheartSystemicSystemicheartheart
Branchial heartBranchialBranchial heartheart
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Squid MaleSquid Male
Hectocotylous armHectocotylousHectocotylous armarm
PenisPenisPenisTestisTestisTestis
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Squid FemaleSquid Female
Ovary with eggsOvary with eggsOvary with eggs
Nidamental glandsNidamentalNidamental glandsglandsOviducal glandOviducalOviducal glandgland
Oviducal openingOviducalOviducal openingopening
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
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Cephalopod Eye
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Octopus
• Eight arms with suckers
• Crawl or eject water from siphon
• Change skin color• Most intelligent
invertebrate
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Octopus • Eight arms
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Nautilus
• Up to 94 tentacles– No suckers
• Shell with many chambers– Lives in outermost
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Nautilus
• (South Pacific and Indian Ocean)
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
Ammonoids
• Extinct• Devonian to
Cretaceous– 400 to 65 MYA
• Died out with dinosaurs
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Dr. PARVISH PANDYA’s presentation
The End