12 Intro Industrial Hygiene

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Introduction to Industrial Hygiene

MODULE 12


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What is Industrial Hygiene?

Industrial hygiene is the science of

anticipating, recognizing, evaluating,

and controlling workplace conditionsthat may cause workers' injury or illness.

Key factors: Employee eposure to hazards !ontrol for hazards to protect workers


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Steps to Protect Employees

Anticipate potential hazards

Recognizepotential hazards

Evaluateeposure and risk

Controleposure and risk

"#ot just for health hazards$


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Hierarchy of Controls

%. Engineering controls: &emove hazard rocess change, !hemical su(stitution

)entilation, *hielding, +uarding

&euires little or no employee action

-. dministrative controls: /anage

eposure 0orker rotation, rocedures, 1raining

1rench shoring, !ontrolled access areas

&euires employee action


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Hierarchy of Controls

2. ersonal protective euipment "E$

&espirators, +loves, 3oots, !lothing

4all protection euipment, 5ard hats &euires individual employee action

6ast line of defense, (ehind engineering

and administrative controls ddressed in -7 !4& %7%8 *u(part I


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Chemical exposures in oil and

gas operations

0hat chemicals are used in oil and gas

operations9

5ow can employees (e eposed9 0hat toic effects do these chemicals

have9

5ow can employees (e protected from

these effects9


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Toxic and Hazardous Substances

29 CFR Subpart Z


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! C"# Subpart $

%7%8.%888 ir !ontaminants:

Includes ta(les: worker eposure limits

for specific listed su(stances Employee eposure cannot eceed limits

1a(les ;%, ;-, ;2 each have their own

reuirements E6 < ermissi(le Eposure 6imit


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! C"# Subpart $

%7%8.%88%;%87=:

*pecific regulations for individual

su(stances including: as(estos "%7%8.%88%$>

lead "%7%8.%8-?$>

(lood(orne pathogens "%7%8.%828$, and others

%7%8.%-88 5azard !ommunication


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%!%&'%&&&(a) * Table $*%

@erived from %7=A !+I5 16)s

merican !onference of +overnmental

Industrial 5ygienists 1hreshold 6imit )alues

6evels thought to cause no significant

adverse health effects in the majority of thecommunity!5E!K


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%!%&'%&&&(a) * Table $*%

6ists common workplace chemicals

1wo types of limits:

A;hour 1ime 0eighted verage "10$ or

!eiling "!$ limits

Employee eposure shall at no time

eceed a ceiling "!$ eposure limit


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%!%&'%&&&(a) * Table $*%

A;hour 1ime 0eighted verages "10$

Employee eposure shall not eceed A;

hour 10 in any A;hour work shift of a B8;hour work week

!alculations illustrated in "d$

Cnits: arts per million "ppm$

/illigrams per cu(ic meter "mgDm2$


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Subtitles + Transitions

FOR EXAMPLE

? mgD/3,

&espira(le

fraction

%? mgD/3,

1otal dust

articulates not

otherwise regulated

"#&$

% ppm!hlorine

?8 ppm!ar(on monoide

%888 ppmcetone

!eilingA;hr 10*u(stance

Tale !"1 E#a$ple%


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%!%&'%&&&(b) * Table $*

dopted from #*I standards"merican #ational *tandards Institute$

Epanded standards developed forsome of the su(stances found in ;-,including: 3enzene %7%8.%8-A

!admium %7%8.%8-F

4ormaldehyde %7%8.%8BA

/ethylene chloride %7%8.%8?-


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%!%&'%&&&(b) * Table $*

1a(le ;- epresses eposure limits as:

A;hour 10

!eiling eak

If a su(stance has (oth ceiling and peak

limits: peak < level never to (e eceeded

Eposure levels over the ceiling (ut under the

peak must comply with margin notes in ta(le

10 must still not (e eceeded


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%!%&'%&&&(b) * Table $*

Examples

10 $in500 pp$300 pp$200 pp$Toluene

5 $in inan& 3 'r%600 pp$200 pp$100 pp$(t&rene

10 $in50 pp$20 pp$)&*rogen

%ul+i*e

10 $in50 pp$25 pp$10 pp$,enzene

-ote%.ea/Ceiling8"'r

TA

(u%tance


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%!%&'%&&&(c) * Table $*,

A;hour 10 limits for forms of silica

dopted from !+I5 16)s

*i- :(asic component of sand, granite

Guartz: -ndmost common mineral

Guartz sand "crystalline silica$ used to

fracture rock formations in wells

*ilica in (arite, lignite, and (entonite

mud additives


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%!%&'%&&&(c) * Table $*,

? mgDm3&espira(le dust

%? mgDm3#uisance dust

28mgDm3

H *io-morphous

%8mgDm3

H *io- -

!rystalline *ilica

"&espira(le fraction$

.E(u%tance


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%!%&'%&&&(d) - Computation

formulae

1ime 0eighted verage

E < "!%1% !-1- J$Dtotal time

1otal time used < A hours Eample in %7%8.%888"d$"%$"ii$

0hat a(out different work schedules9

)aries (y chemical /ost chemicals: 0orst A hours of shift

6ead: adjusted (y hours worked

InterpretationL 4oulke letter, %77F
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=22333http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=INTERPRETATIONS&p_id=22333


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%!%&'%&&&(e) - To achie.e

compliance

dministrative or engineering controlsfirst wherever feasi(le

0hen those are not feasi(le for fullcompliance: protective euipment orother protective measures

Euipment or technical measures must(e approved (y competent industrialhygienist or ualified person

&espirators: %7%8.%2B


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Chemical*Specific Standards

%7%8.%88% s(estos

%7%8.%8%A Inorganic rsenic

%7%8.%8-? 6ead

%7%8.%8-= !hromium ")I$ "revised -88=$

%7%8.%8-F !admium

%7%8.%8-A 3enzene il and gas drilling, production, servicing eempt

%7%8.%8-7 4ormaldehyde


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%!%&'%&& /ccess to employee

exposure and medical records

Employees, representatives, and *5have right of access

reserved for 28 years, with eceptions

Employee consent for medical records

*5 access order posted if

identifia(le 1rade secrets

Employee information


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%!%&'%&,& 0loodborne

Pathogens

ccupational eposure:

&easona(ly anticipated skin, eye, mucous

mem(rane, or parenteral contact 0ith (lood or other potentially infectious

materials "I/$ e.g. certain (ody fluids,

tissues


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%!%&'%&!1 Ionizing radiation

*5 standards cover #&/ and

1E#&/

Eposures must (e kept within limitseven if sources are natural

i f


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%!%&'%&% #etention of 23T

mar4ings5 placards and labels

&etain markings on packages received

until clean enough to remove hazard

4reight container or vehicle retainsplacards until materials removed

enough

&eadily visi(le #on;(ulk packages not to (e reshipped:

5azard !ommunication la(els K

d h i l


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%!%&'%67& Hazardous chemicals

in laboratories

4or la(oratory use only

*upersedes other standards in *u(part

L ecept: E6s

rohi(ition of eye and skin contact

Eposure monitoring and medicalsurveillance for those over action levels


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Protecti.e 8easures

Other Standards and


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0iological Hazards

otentially infectious material eposure

!ontagious diseases e.g. influenza

)ector;(orne diseases e.g. /alaria,6yme disease

4ungi e.g. mold, spores

1oins e.g. endotoin

llergens D sensitizers e.g. pollen, redcedar

Ph i l d # di l i l


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Physical and #adiological

Hazards

5eat or cold "+eneral @uty !lause$

)i(ration "+eneral @uty !lause$

#oise "%7%8 *u(part +$

#on;ionizing radiation "electromagnetic,

light$ "%7%8 *u(part +$

Ionizing radiation


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3ther Standards

-7 !4& %7-= *u(part @: ccupational

5ealth and Environmental !ontrols

!onstruction operations only

I & ?B

#oise rules allow for %- hour shifts

5andling drilling fluid chemicals andadditives


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Protecti.e 8easures

5ow are eposures to health hazards

evaluated on your site9

5ow are they controlled9

12 Intro Industrial Hygiene

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