1.2 Hazards Inherit to Oil and Gas

7/29/2019 1.2 Hazards Inherit to Oil and Gas

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NEBOSH, International Certificate in Oil & Gas

Operational SafetyModule 1.2 Hazards Inherit to Oil and Gas

FLASH POINTThe flash point of a

volatile liquid is the

lowest temperature at

which it can vaporize to

form an ignitable

mixture in air


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VAPOUR DENSITY

The ratio of the weight of a given volume of one gas

to the weight of an equal volume of another gas,

typically hydrogen, at the same temperature and

pressure.


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VAPOUR PRESSUREA measure of the

tendency of a material to

form a vapour. The

higher the vapour

pressure, the higher the

potential vapour

concentration.


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FLAMMABLEEasily ignitable and

capable of burning

rapidly. Flash point of

between 21 degrees C

and 55 degrees C


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HIGHLY FLAMMABLEA liquid that has a flash

point of less than 21

degrees C.


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FLAMMABLE RANGE:The percentage of

either flammable

vapour or gasconcentration in the

ambient air at which

combustion will take

place.


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FLAMMABLE LIMITSThe Flammable Limits refer to the conditions under

which a mixture of a flammable material and air

may catch fire or explode. If the percentage offlammable material in the air is between the

minimum and maximum limits, the presence of a

flame or a source of ignition is likely to lead to rapid

combustion or explosion


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UFL & LFLUFL - The mixture of substance and air is too rich in

fuel (deficient in oxygen) to burn. This is sometimes

called the upper explosive limit (UEL).

LFL - the mixture of substance and air lacks

sufficient fuel (substance) to burn. This issometimes called the lower explosive limit (LEL).


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TOXICITYToxicity is the degree to

which a substance can

damage an organism


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SKIN IRRITANT A noninfective agent,

physical or chemical,

caplable of causing celldamage if applied to

the skin for sufficient

time


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CarcinogensThese are substances which are believed to cause

cancer. They fall into 2 groups:

Geno-Toxic: May cause damage to DNA

Non Geno-Toxic: Does not cause damage to DNA


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PRODUCT PROPERTIES HAZARDS

HYDROGEN Colourless, Odourless

Gas, lighter than air

Fire

Explosion

METHANE Colourless, Odourless


Fire

Explosion

Narcotic properties

LPG, LNG Colourless, Odourless


Fire

Explosion

H2S Colourless, distinctivesmell of rotten eggs

ExplosiveToxic

Corrosive

NITROGEN (GAS) Colourless odourless gas Asphyxiation by removal of

air from O2


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MERCAPTANSMercaptans are a group of sulfur-containing organic

chemical substances. They smell like rotting

cabbage. They are used as an odourizing agent innatural gas.


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ADDITAVES:Anti-foaming agents are used to speed up the

removal of gas bubbles in crude oil. Gas bubbles

can effect production quality and efficiency

Corrosion inhibitors: A corrosion inhibitor is a

chemical compound that, when added to a liquid orgas, decreases the corrosion rate of a material,

typically a metal


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SLUDGESLow Specific Activity Sludges are naturally occurring

radioactive material

Other sludges may be produces as a result of the

process. They are a mixture of liquid and suspended

material


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SLUDGES HAZARDS

Chemical

Skin irritant

Radiation

Carcinogenic

Environmental


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MICRO BIOCIDESUsed to disinfect inanimate objects such as steel

pipes. This slows down and prevents corrosion.

They are also used in A/C units to prevent legionella

They are toxic by ingestion


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MUD

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