12-Dementia.ppt
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Transcript of 12-Dementia.ppt
![Page 1: 12-Dementia.ppt](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070318/5576762ad8b42aa6108b4789/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Definition of dementia
an acquired persistent impairment of intellectual function with compromise in memory and at least two other cognitive domains such as language, visuospatial skills or executive function
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Prevalence of dementia
0
5
10
15
20
Pre
vale
nce
Rat
e (%
)
1
85+
80-84
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+
AGE
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Causes of dementia
• Neurodegenerative disorders
- Alzheimer’s disease- Pick’s disease
• Vascular (multi-infarct) dementia
• Reversible causes
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Alzheimer’s disease
Vascular dementia
Other causes
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Alzheimer’s disease
• cognitive deficits- profound memory loss
(anterograde/retrograde)
- language - anomic, empty, circumlocutory
- visuospatial disturbance
• behavioral deficits- no significant early changes in personality
- unawareness or denial of illness
- psychosis
• no sensory or motor deficits
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Cortical atrophyNormal brain
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Cortical atrophy
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Cortical atrophy - MRI scan
Alzheimer’s disease
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Normal
Alzheimer’s
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Neurofibrillary tangles(tau protein)
Amyloid plaques
Pathology of Alzheimer’s disease
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Degeneration of the basal forebrain cholinergic system
Pathology of Alzheimer’s disease
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Treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
• Cholinergic replacement
• Anti-amyloid agents
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Pick’s disease/frontal dementias
• cognitive deficits- profound executive dysfunction
- good memory, language, visuospatial skills
• behavioral deficits- early prominent personality changes
- poor judgment, insight, disinhibited, labile, euphoric, socially inappropriate, sexual indiscretions
• frontal release signs on neurological exam but no senory or motor deficits
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Cortical atrophy
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Cortical atrophy - MRI scan
Pick’s disease
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PET scan of Pick’s disease
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Pick’s bodies
Pathology of Pick’s disease
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Alzheimer’s
Pick’s