12. Comic Intermezzo - San Jose State University · COMIC INTERMEZZO Pergolesi’s two-act La Serva...
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Transcript of 12. Comic Intermezzo - San Jose State University · COMIC INTERMEZZO Pergolesi’s two-act La Serva...
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COMIC INTERMEZZOINTERMEZZI are comic 2-act interludes
sung betweenthe 3 acts of an opera seria
Intermezzi originate fromthe Renaissance INTERMEDIO,
the musical numbers sung between actsof a spoken theatrical play
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COMIC INTERMEZZOIn their original form
an INTERMEZZO was composed for an OPERA SERIA
and was thematically related tothe main opera.
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COMIC INTERMEZZO
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COMIC INTERMEZZOPergolesi’s two-act La Serva Padrona,
was performed betweenthe three acts of his opera seria,
Il Prigioner Superboin 1733.
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COMIC INTERMEZZOThe traditions of Commedia dell’Arte,
Italian improvised comic theater,serve as models for character types and plots
in the intermezzo
1725-1750���“Golden Age” of Intermezzo
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COMMEDIA dell’ARTEARLECCHINO Probably the most famous of Commedia characters, Arlecchino is a good-hearted and well-intentioned buffoon. He can be crafty and clever, but is never malicious.
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COMMEDIA dell’ARTECOLOMBINA is a clever female servant with a keen and active wit and able to hold her own in every situation and emerge triumphant from the most complicated intrigues. A country girl, she takes a frank attitude towards men and sex.
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COMMEDIA dell’ARTEPANTALONE The Old Man, often a rich miser, though he pretends to poverty. He suspects everyone of trying to dupe him (he is usually right) even as he plans his own schemes.
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COMMEDIA dell’ARTECAPITANO is a swaggering braggart soldier, usually foreign (and sometimes pretending to be of noble blood). Capitano boasts of great prowess at both love and war, but is in reality an abject failure at both.
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COMIC INTERMEZZOGiovanni Battista PERGOLESI (1710-1736)
Writes intermezzo La Serva Padrona in 1733
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COMIC INTERMEZZOLA SERVA PADRONA
[The Maid Mistress]
“Intermezzo Buffo in Due Atti” (1733)
Libretto by G. A. FedericoMusic by Giovanni Battista Pergolesi
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COMIC INTERMEZZOLA SERVA PADRONA
Plot of servant girl who tricks her employer into agreeing to marry her.
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COMIC INTERMEZZOAn old Commedia plot
There are 3 characters—
UBERTO: bassSERPINA: soprano
VESPONE: a mute mimed role
Based on Commedia character types
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COMIC INTERMEZZOThe performers in intermezzi tended to be
“ACTOR-SINGERS” rather than just “singers,”
and the orchestra tends to play along with the singer’s melody line.
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COMIC INTERMEZZOLa Serva is almost immediately done
independently of its opera seriaIn 1746 and 1752 performed in Paris: sets off
Guerre des Bouffons [War of the Comedians), a pamphlet war in over the values of French and
Italian opera
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COMIC INTERMEZZOSmall orchestra, small cast
(usually only three or so characters)
No overture—no need for oneThe surrounding opera seria
already has an overture
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COMIC INTERMEZZOUses of the BASS VOICE
for male protagonists
NO CASTRATI
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COMIC INTERMEZZOWhile opere serie tend to be
very serious and promote social stability (“the king is good,” etc.)
The themes of intermezzi tend to beSOCIALLY SUBVERSIVE
(“people in power are stupid”)
The subject matter is bourgeois rather than aristocratic
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COMIC INTERMEZZO
SECCO RECITATIVE and short DA CAPO ARIAS
Unlike opera seria,singers address the audience
to get their collusion
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COMIC INTERMEZZOTexts usually set SYLLABICALLY
rather than melismatically,as in opera seria
Much TEXT REPETITION—but not as in opera seria—
For comic effect: “Sì, sì!” “No, no!” “Sì, sì!” “No, no!”
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COMIC INTERMEZZOEach act culminates with a
DUETor
ENSEMBLE
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COMIC INTERMEZZO
Musically, intermezzi were in the newer and lighter-textured
STYLE GALANT rather than the
dense Baroque style of opera seria.
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COMIC INTERMEZZO
The STYLE GALANT [Gallant Style]
A New Musical Style that emerges in the 1720s
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STYLE GALLANTTHIN TEXTURES
Melody and accompaniment, Contrasts with the contrapuntal density
of late Baroque style.
Accompaniment figures are usually of“ALBERTI BASS”
developed around 1730s.
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STYLE GALLANTSLOW HARMONIC MOVEMENT
Contrasts withthe fast harmonic movement
of late Baroque style
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STYLE GALLANTEmphasis on MAJOR MODE keys,
rather than minor.
Melodies featurefeminine cadences
triplets figuressighing motives
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COMIC INTERMEZZOThe EMPFINDSAMER STIL
[Sensitive Style] is a German offshoot in the 1740s
of the Style Galant
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COMIC INTERMEZZOUberto: Accompanied Recitative
and Da Capo Aria:
“Ah, quanto mi sta male…Son imbrogliato io già”