12 140 887 Pyramid Electric Generator

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Grandics(10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0315587 Al(43) Pub. Date: Dec. 25, 2008

(54) PYRAMID ELECTRIC GENERATOR Publication Classification(76) Inventor: Peter Grandics, Carlsbad, CA (US) (51) Int. Cl.H02K 23/60 (2006.01)

(52) U.S. Cl. 290/49Correspondence Address:CATALYST LAW GROUP, APC9710 SCRANTON ROAD, SUITE S-170SAN DIEGO, CA 92121 (US)

(57) ABSTRACT

(21) Appl. No.: 12/140,887

A pyramid electric generator for harvesting the vibrationalenergies of Earth's atomic oscillators according to the presentinvention comprises: (1) an antenna/waveguide that is geo-metrically optimized; (2) a secondary coil wound with aninsulated conductor on a nonconductive coil form, the coilbeing attached electrically to the conducting surface of theantenna/waveguide such that the secondary coil is attachednear the point atwhich the electric field contacts the antenna/waveguide; (3) the antenna/waveguide connected with thesecondary coil serving as a quasi-capacitive series element toprovide a specific resonant frequency; and (4) a primary coilof a few turns wound around the secondary coil, the second-ary coil being positioned coaxially within the primary coiland acting as a resonant step-up transformer winding, induc-tively coupled with the primary coil. The generator resonantlycouples into specific frequencies of Earth's atomic oscillatorsand extracts electric energy therefrom.

(22) Filed: Jun. 17,2008Related U.S. Application Data

(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. PCT/US07/69804, filed on May 25,2007.

(60) Provisional application No. 60/818,360, fi led on luI. 3,2006.


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PYRAMID ELECTRIC GENERATORCROSS-REFERENCES

[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of PCTApplication Serial No. PCT/US07/69804 by Grandics,entitled "An Electric Power Converter for Extraction ofAtmospheric Electrical Energy," designating the UnitedStates and filed on May 25, 2007, which in turn claimedpriori ty from U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/818,360 by Grandics, also entitled "An Electric Power Converterfor Extraction ofAtmospheric Electrical Energy," and filed onJul. 3, 2006. The specifications of these two applications areincorporated herein in their entirety by this reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002] This invention relates to the generation of electricalpower by drawing energy from Earth's electric field. Earthrepresents a resonant system in which both atmospheric andtelluric electrical processes can be harvested. In U.S. Pat. No.6,974,110, we have provided an apparatus and method forconverting the electrostatic potential energy of Earth's atmo-sphere. The present invention aims to provide an electricgenerator that, in addition to tapping atmospheric electricprocesses, extracts electrical power from the vibrationalenergy of atomic oscillators by a novel resonant couplingmethod.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION[0003] An electrical generator according to the presentinvention provides a new method of tapping Earth's electricenergy field.[0004] One aspect of the present invention is an apparatusfor capturing both atmospheric and telluric electric energies,comprising:[0005] (1) an antenna/waveguide that is geometrically opti-mized, having a conducting surface;[0006] (2) a primary coil wound with a conductor over asecondary coil, the coil being attached electrically to a driveroperating in the LF radio band; and[0007] (3) a secondary coil smaller in diameter than theprimary coil having a greater length and a greater number ofturns than the primary coil and having a first lead and a secondlead, the secondary coil being positioned coaxially within thefirst coil and acting as a resonant step-up transformer wind-ing, inductively coupled with the primary coil and an externalcapacitor connected in parallel with the secondary coil toprovide a specific resonant frequency; or[0008] (4) a secondary coil smaller in diameter than theprimary coil, having a greater length and a greater number ofturns than the primary coil and having a first lead and a secondlead, the secondary coil being positioned coaxially within thefirst coil and acting as a resonant step-up transformer wind-ing, inductively coupled with the primary coil and connectedwith the antenna/waveguide serving as a quasi-capacitiveseries element to provide a specific resonant frequency;wherein the conducting surface of the antenna/waveguide isconfigured such that the secondary coil is connected near thepoint at which the electric field contacts the antenna/waveguide;wherein the generator absorbs electromagnetic impulsesfrom Earth's electric field; and wherein a high voltage sinu-soidal waveform is generated in the secondary coil represent-

Dec. 25, 20081

ing harvested atmospheric and telluric electrical energy andmeasurable on the leads of the secondary coil.[0009] Preferably, the antenna/waveguide is of pyramidalshape. When the antenna/waveguide is of pyramidal shape,the secondary coil is preferably connected near or at the apexof the antenna/waveguide.[0010] Another aspect of the present invention is an electricgenerator for harvesting the electric emissions of atomicoscillations comprising an oscillator. Typically, the oscillatoroperates in the LF or ELF bands.[0011] Typically, in this aspect of the present invention, thegenerator comprises:[0012] (1) a primary coil wound with a conductor over asecondary coil, the coil being connected electrically to adriver operating in the LF or ELF bands; and[0013] (2) a secondary coil of smaller diameter than theprimary coil having a greater length and a greater number ofturns than the primary coil, the secondary coil being posi-t ioned coaxially within the first coil and acting as a resonantstep-up transformer winding inductively coupled with theprimary;wherein said resonant step-up transformer's output voltageexceeds 500 1VRMs;wherein the electric generator attracts impulses from Earth'selectric oscillations; andwherein the attracted energy manifests as high voltage sinu-soidal waveforms representing harvested electric energy ofatomic oscillations in the secondary coil and measurable onleads of the secondary coil .[0014] Another aspect of the present invention is a methodof tapping Earth's electric energy field, comprising thesesteps:[0015] (1) positioning an electric generator according tothepresent invention as described above, so that it is exposed toa source of atmospheric and telluric electric energy; and[0016] (2) producing a high-voltage sinusoidal signal rep-resenting electrical energy harvested by the operation of thegenerator.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS[0017] The following invention will be better understoodwith reference to the specification, appended claims, andaccompanying drawings, where:[0018] FIG. 1is a graph showing the formation of electricvortices across and around the pyramid.[0019] FIG. 2 is a graph showing the circuit diagram of thepyramid generator.[0020] FIG. 3 is a graph showing the power in the second-ary coil vs. the power in the primary coil.[0021] FIG. 4 is a graph showing the power in the second-ary coil vs. the apex voltage on the pyramid.[0022] FIG. 5 is a graph showing the circuit diagram of thepyramid generator with the measurement points.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION[0023] One aspect of the present invention is an electricgenerator for attracting the electric emissions of atomic oscil-lations by the use of high voltage, to harvest electric energytherefrom.[0024] One embodiment ofthis aspect ofthe invention is anapparatus for capturing atmospheric and telluric electric ener-gies by harvesting the energies of atomic oscillators, com-prising:


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[0025] (1) an antenna/waveguide that is geometrically opti-mized, having a conducting surface;[0026] (2) a primary coil wound with an insulated conduc-tor, the coil being connected to anAC or AC-DC driver; and[0027] (3) a secondary coil smaller in diameter than theprimary coil, having a greater length and a greater number ofturns than the primary coil and having a first lead and a secondlead, the secondary coil being positioned coaxially within thefirst coil and acting as a resonant step-up transformer wind-ing, inductively coupled with the first coil; and an externalcapacitor connected in parallel with the secondary coil toprovide a specific resonant frequency; or[0028] (4) a secondary coil smaller in diameter than theprimary coil, having a greater length and a greater number ofturns than the primary coil and having a first lead and a secondlead, the secondary coil being positioned coaxially within thefirst coil and acting as a resonant step-up transformer wind-ing, inductively coupled with the first coil and connected withthe antenna/waveguide serving as a quasi-capacitive serieselement to provide a specific resonant frequency, with thesecondary coil attached near the point at which the electricfield contacts the antenna/waveguide;wherein the generator absorbs electromagnetic impulsesfrom Earth's electric field; andwherein a high-voltage, sinusoidal waveform is generated inthe secondary coil representing harvested atmospheric andtelluric electrical energy and measurable on leads of the sec-ondary coil.[0029] Preferably, the antenna/waveguide is of pyramidalshape. However, any geometric shape can be used for theantenna/waveguide. When it is of pyramidal shape, the sec-ondary coil is preferably connected near or at the apex of theantenna/waveguide. The shape and size of the antenna/waveguide can be optimized depending on the intended use ofthe generator. Preferably, the antenna/waveguide exhibitsratios of pi and the Fibonacci number (Phi).[0030] Typically, the generator further comprises an insu-lated base on which the antenna/waveguide is placed. Thesize and shape of the insulated base can also be optimized,depending on the intended use of the generator. The secondlead of the secondary coil is typically connected to earthground.[0031] Typically, the output of the secondary coil is har-vested. This can be done by connecting to a rectifier-capaci-tor-load resistance, or by a third coil inductively coupled withthe secondary coil. In one alternative, the output of the sec-ondary coil is coupled to a load for drawing power from thegenerator. The optimal circuit can be selected by one of ordi-nary skill in the art to optimize power extraction. The loaddraws power from the generator. The load can be a resistor, arectifier or a storage capacitor powering a DC load. Typically,the antenna/waveguide is at a high voltage during the opera-tion of the generator. Typically, the antenna/waveguide volt-age is greater than 500 VRMS" The antenna/waveguide can beconnected to an oscillator. The oscillator can comprise aresonant step-up transformer.[0032] Typically, the antenna/waveguide is in resonancewith the secondary coil. Typically, the primary coil is induc-tively coupled to the secondary coil.[0033] Typically, the antenna/waveguide is positioned in agenerally north-south direction to tap atmospheric and tellu-ric electric energy. In this arrangement, when the antenna/waveguide is of pyramidal shape, the height of the pyramidcan be from about 0.5 m to about 1000 m, more typically,

Dec. 25, 20082

from about 0.50 m to about 150 m. The optimal pyramid sizeis a function of the power requirements. However, a pyramidcan be built even 1 km in height. Typically, the base surfacearea of the pyramid ranges from about 0.25 m ' to about1,000,000 m'; more typically, from about 0.25 m' to about25,000 m'. Naturally, other heights and base surface areas canbe used for part icular applications. The numbers of sides canalso vary. When the pyramid is small (e.g., 6-feet base lengthdescribed in this application), there is an insufficient atmo-spheric potential on its apex to trigger the attraction of power.In such event, anAC or AC- DC driver isnecessary tobring thepyramid to the electric potential necessary. A suitable voltageis typically greater than 500 VRMS'[0034] In one alternative, the primary coil is wound with aconductor over the secondary coil, the primary coil beingconnected electrically to a driver operating in the LF or ELFbands.[0035] Another aspect ofthe present invention isan electricgenerator for harvesting the electric emissions of atomicoscillations comprising an oscillator. Typically, the oscillatoroperates in the LF or ELF bands.[0036] Typically, in this aspect of the present invention, thegenerator comprises:[0037] (1) a primary coil wound with a conductor over asecondary coil, the coil being connected electrically to adriver operating in the LF or ELF bands; and[0038] (2) a secondary coil of smaller diameter than theprimary coil having a greater length and a greater number ofturns than the primary coil, the secondary coil being posi-t ioned coaxially within the first coil and acting as a resonantstep-up transformer winding inductively coupled with theprimary;wherein said resonant step-up transformer's output voltageexceeds 500 VRMS;wherein the electric generator attracts impulses from Earth'selectric oscillations; andwherein the attracted energy manifests as high voltage sinu-soidal waveforms representing harvested electric energy ofatomic oscillations in the secondary coil and measurable onleads of the secondary coil .[0039] In this alternative, the output of the secondary coilcan be coupled to a load for drawing power from the genera-tor.[0040] Another aspect of the invention is a method of tap-ping Earth's electric energy based on the following concepts:[0041] (1) utilizing a pyramidal antenna/waveguidedesigned based on the ratios of pi and phi;[0042] (2) using the antenna/waveguide to absorb and focusspecific frequencies of Earth's electric field;[0043] (3) positioning a resonant coil system connected tosaid antenna/waveguide near or at its apex according to thepresent invention; and[0044] (4) generating a high-voltage sinusoidal signal, rep-resenting harvested atmospheric and telluric electricalenergy, by the operation of the coil system.[0045] Typically, in this method, the method comprises thesteps of:[0046] (1) positioning an electric generator according tothepresent invention as described above such that it is exposed toEarth's electric oscillations; and[0047] (2) generating a high voltage sinusoidal signal rep-resenting harvested electric energy of atomic oscillators bythe operation of the generator.


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[0048] Typically, the harvested electric energy can be fedinto a power grid for distribution, but smaller units capable ofdistributed power generation or for use as stand-alone gen-erators are also feasible by the concept of this invention.[0049] The invention is described by the followingExample. This Example is included for illustrative purposesonly and is not intended to limit the invention.

EXAMPLE[0050] We have introduced a new theory of space, energyand matter that predicted that electromagnetic interactionpropagates through a carrier medium called the space latticethat is made up of pulsating, phi-based spiral vortices(STAR), the excitation of which generates propagating sinu-soidallines of force across the space lattice recorded as elec-tromagnetic waves by our instruments [1,2]. We have alsopredicted that natural pressure gradients exist within thespace lattice that can be used for power generation by insert-ing a capacitor into such gradient. Furthermore, we proposedthat a pyramid-shaped capacitor is an optimally shapeddevice for tapping the energy gradient ofthe space lattice thatmanifests in the form of an electrical potential gradient inEarth's atmosphere. This was demonstrated subsequently[3-5]. We also found that the pyramid-shaped capacitordesign should be based on ratios of pi and phi [5] becauseelectrical energy propagates along a phi-based spiral [6].[0051] We suggested that elemental particles are composedof STAR oscillators that make up the space lattice by electro-magnetic compression of its elemental cubes into pulsatingconical/vortexual subunits that form the basis for all particlesof matter [1,2]. Weproposed that atomic and subatomic oscil-lators could vibrate in a very wide frequency range fromsub-acoustic to extremely high EM frequencies [1,2]. Thisdoes not mean that material bodies can take or maintain aphysical form at any energy level, but this allows the recyclingof atoms into the space lattice as part of their natural evolution[2,6].[0052] Atomic oscillators are constantly in motion, andsuch motion is electric because all motion and energy isfundamentally electric [2,6]. It is known that atomic bodiesconstantly exchange electric energy. Such energy flow can beharvested when the spiral physical nature of electric waves isrecognized. Russell observed that energy always moves dur-ing its generative cycle in spirals towards the higher potential[7]; therefore, we reasoned that an "attractor" of high electricpotential must be provided to pull in the random electromag-netic emissions of atomic oscillators. The "attractor" mustfunction as a phi-based antenna/waveguide to focus the phi-based electric emissions of atomic bodies into the apex of avortex, the same method Nature uses for power multiplication[6,7]. Therefore, a phi-based pyramidal antenna/waveguidemust be at a high voltage in order to perform its attractorfunction.[0053] As all material manifestations are tonal [8], acousticvibrations are always generated during the oscillations ofatomic bodies, even though they are inaudible most of thetime. Sometimes, however, they are detected; one suchexample is Earth's hum [9-11]. Earth's solid mass and itsatmosphere represent a coupled resonant system, and isthere-fore our expanded target power source. Acoustic waves arealso electrical [8] and can be harvested. To achieve this goal,the geometrically optimized pyramidal antenna/waveguidemust be connected to an oscillator that operates at a highvoltage and is tuned to a suitably selected frequency.

Dec. 25, 20083

[0054] The appropriate resonant frequency is dictated bypractical considerations. Atomic oscillators can vibrate in avery wide frequency range [1,2,6-8] but short wavelengthradiations are readily re-absorbed by atoms and are rapidlyattenuated; therefore, long wavelength electromagnetic emis-sions must be targeted. The operation of the pyramid genera-tor is feasible in the ELF to the LF range. As electric radiationpropagates in a vortex [2,6-8], the emitted electric vortex overthe pyramidal antenna (FIG. 1) increases its "size," and so itis capable of funneling atmospheric electromagnetic emis-sions of the same frequency back into the antenna/receiver.Thus, the pyramid electric generator could capture the energyemitted by both telluric and atmospheric atomic oscil lators.Wehave tested these assumptions and demonstrated the basicprinciples of an electric generator.Methods and Results[0055] In our previous papers, we reported that a pyramid-shaped capacitor/antenna converts atmospheric electrostaticdischarge impulses (ESD) into a periodic high-frequency sig-nal that can be detected in an insulated coil placed in prox-imity of the capacitor [3,4]. Here, we report on further devel-opments including a new design for the resonant coil systemand an expanded range of energy sources targeted. A Tek-tronix TPS 2024 digital oscilloscope was used for signalacquisition and analysis, and Tektronix A503 current ampli-fiers were used with the Tektronix A6302 and A6303 probesfor current measurement. High voltage was measured using aTektronix P6015 probe. AnENI-1140LA amplifier was usedto activate the primary coil of the resonant coil system at theselected frequency.[0056] For the experiments, we used a geometrically opti-mized pyramid-shaped antenna/waveguide [3-5]. The pyra-mid expressed ratios of pi and phi and was approximately a1:125 scaled down replica of the Great Pyramid of Giza(GPF), 6 feet base length. The pyramid was built of a woodenframe and covered with triangular copper sheets of 0.66 mmthickness on its sides that were electrically connected. Itwasplaced on an insulating base and positioned in the generalNorth-South direction.[0057] The secondary coil (coil 2) was wound with a 20AWG insulated magnet wire with a monofilament nylonspacer (0.06 mm diameter) between the turns on a fiberglasscylindrical coil form, and connected to the conducting surfaceof the pyramid near its apex. Thus, the secondary coil wasconnected with the pyramidal antenna/waveguide as a quasi-capacitive series element to provide a specific resonant fre-quency with coupling to the surrounding electromagneticenvironment. The other lead of coil 2 was grounded (FIG. 2).The purpose of the monofilament spacer was to reduce inter-winding capacitance in coil 2 by increasing distance betweenwire turns of the coil.[0058] A primary coil oflarger diameter (coil 1)was woundon or near the lower cylindrical volume of coil 2 with the leadconnected to earth ground, and served as a driver coil induc-tively coupled with the secondary (coil 2). The secondary wasisolated from the primary by layers of silicon rubber andfoam. The two coils make a resonant step-up transformer, theparameters of which are shown in Table 1.


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TABLE 1Physical and Electrical Parameters of the Resonant TransformerSecondary turns of wireHeightWire diameterPrimary turns of wireHeightWire diameter

840 turns0.85 m0.00081 m5 + 9/10 turns0.21 m\4" O.D. copper pipewith. 030" wall thickness

PrimaryInductanceResistance

98 fiH0.118 ohms

SecondaryInductanceResistanceCapacitanceWinding ratioMutnal inductance

24.16mH24.42 ohms1040 nF1:1436.13mH

[0059] In the experiment; the controlled variable was thevoltage, which was increased in steps until the maximumvoltage in the secondary (permitted by circuit componentsand test equipment) was achieved for the given resonant fre-quency. The objective was to "drive the atmosphere" by radi-ating a high voltage (-20 kV p-p), LF (40-120 kHz) signaldeveloped by the high ratio step-up transformer and fed by apowerful signal generator at a resonant frequency either withan L-C resonant secondary coil, or a resonance determined bythe pyramid as a quasi-capacitive series element connected tothe secondary coil of the transformer and radiating to the localatmosphere. The data are shown in Table 2.[0060] The experimental data are shown in Table 2. Thecurrent readings were also confirmed by using "current sens-ing" resistors (not shown). A apparent power gain of nearly100-fold was achieved in the secondary coil relative to inputpower inthe primary coil , and a linear increase of power in thesecondary coil with the increase of input power into theprimary coil (FIG. 3). The power in the secondary coil expo-nentially increases with the pyramid apex voltage (FIG. 4).

Dec. 25, 20084

[0061] A load may be connected to coil 2 to draw powerfrom the system. The load may also be connected via a tertiarycoil inductively coupled to the secondary coil. The load maybe a resistor, a rectifier or storage capacitor powering a DCload.[0062] A graphic representation of the test system is shownin FIG. 5. The pyramidal antenna/waveguide, placed on aninsulating base, is coupled to the surrounding electromag-netic environment and serves as an antenna/waveguide for theconcentration of atmospheric and telluric electromagneticoscillations at resonance frequency. As the flow of electricenergy is always balanced [6], two vortices may cross thepyramidal antenna: one from the direction of the groundconcentrating into its apex, and another one from its apexpropagating into the atmosphere (FIG. 1). The atmosphericelectric vortex possibly acts as an ionic antenna pulling in EMradiations from a large atmospheric domain. In FIG. 5, theantenna/waveguide 10 is attached to a coil 12. To drive thesystem, a RF generator 14 is connected to a signal amplifier16. The signal amplifier 16 is also connected to an uninter-ruptible power supply (UPS) 18through a sinewave generator20 and a frequency counter 22. Outputs from the sinewavegenerator 20 and frequency counter 22 are also connected toa first current amplifier 24. The output from the antenna/waveguide 10 and coil 12 are also connected to a secondcurrent amplifier 26. The sinewave generator 20, frequencycounter 22, first current amplifier 24, and second currentamplifier 26 are connected to a digital oscil loscope 28. Out-puts from the antenna/waveguide 10 and coil 12 are alsoconnected to the digital oscil loscope 28. A laptop computer30 controls the sinewave generator 20 and frequency counter22.[0063] The pyramid's apex is attached to a coil of high tumnumber (FIGS. 2 & 4). This secondary coil wound on anonconductive coil form serves as a step-up transformer, andforms a resonant circuit with the pyramid that acts as a quasi-capacitive series element. The secondary coil is activated bya signal from an RF generator via a primary coil of a few turnnumbers inductively coupled to coil 2. The measurementpoints are also indicated, displaying the posit ions of voltage

TABLE 2Power Measurements in the Pyrarnid- Resonant Coil System

PrimaryFrequency (kHz) 83.00VpRMS 3.97 6.38 9.86 20.3 26.7 33.8 39 40.8IpRMs(mA) 87.6 222 300 792 1117 1389 1541 1838Ip anglewith respect toV P 18 24 14 22 23 21 20 28Total power (VA) 0.35 1.42 2.95 16.02 29.70 46.77 59.95 74.75True power \ 'N) 0.33 1.30 2.87 14.85 27.35 43.66 56.34 66.01Secondary

VSRMS 341 872 1150 3540 4670 6220 7140 7710IARMs(mA) 62.2 148 193 438 579 728 834 919IA anglewith respec toVs 42 43 44 52 52 54 53 52Total power (VA) 21.2 129.5 222.8 1552 2707.8 4530.2 5957.5 7087.3True power \ 'N) 15.7 94.7 160.3 956 1668.1 2664.5 3587.6 4366Power sec/prim 61.1 91.4 75.4 96.9 91.2 96.9 99.4 94.8


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and current probes. The data are captured by a digital oscil-loscope and recorded on a laptop computer.Discussion[0064] This invention demonstrates a novel approach toharvest Earth's electric energy. The masses of Earth and itsatmosphere represent a coupled resonant system that is con-tinually electrified by solar radiation. We have found that apyramidal antenna designed based on the ratios of phi and piis optimal for the capture of atmospheric electrostatic dis-charge (ESD) impulses [3-5]. Atmospheric ESD is a productof solar radiation and is a wide bandwidth phenomenon. Thepyramid as a wideband, non-resonant antenna is uniquelyadapted to harvest the energy of atmospheric ESD.[0065] This invention also points out an additional energiz-ing mechanism at work during the operation of the pyramidelectric generator. The observation is derived from our theoryon energy, matter and space [1,2] as well as that of Russell[6,7]. Both Russell and we observed that spiral motion is afundamental action ofmatter and that the vortex isthe mecha-nism of power multiplication in Nature. A vortex concentratespower into its apex where the highest velocity of motion, thehighest pressure and the highest electric potential resides[1,2,6,7]. As electricity propagates along a pulsating phi-based spiral [6,7], a phi -based antenna/waveguide is suitableto focus its energy into the apex of a vortex inside the antenna.A phi-based pyramid is optimal for this purpose.[0066] As atomic bodies can oscillate in a very wide fre-quency range [1,2,6-8], a pyramidal antenna/waveguidecoupled to an oscillator that is tuned to a suitable frequencycan focus the "electric noise" from Earth's atomic oscillatorsinto the apex of the pyramid at a high voltage. Russellobserved that energy moves towards the higher potential dur-ing its generative cycle [7]; therefore, it is essential that thepyramidal antenna be at a high potential. Our data corrobo-rated this assumption.[0067] To select a suitable frequency range, one can beginwith the observation that all material manifestations are tonal[8], and that acoustic frequencies are always generated duringthe oscillations of atomic bodies even though they remaininaudible most of the time. Acoustic waves are also electric[8] and therefore Earth's enormous mass and its atmosphererepresent a coupled resonant system that offer a vast source ofpower.[0068] For practical reasons on our small pyramid, we havechosen a frequency above the audio range but below the radiofrequency spectrum; our antenna was made to radiate at thetarget wavelength. The wavelength of the 50-120 kHz range is6 km to 25 km, thus allowing energy to be harvested over alarge atmospheric domain. As electrical energy propagates ina vortex [6,7], the emitted electric vortex (ionic antenna) overthe pyramidal antenna/waveguide increases its "size" andenables it to funnel the same frequency atmospheric electro-magnetic radiations back into the antenna. Thus, the pyramidelectric generator captures at the selected frequency theenergy emitted by Earth's atomic oscillators.[0069] The presence of an electric (ionic) vortex was dem-onstrated by radar testing of the space over a 44 m tall fiber-glass pyramid located near Moscow [12]. The Russians foundthat the large ionized colunm of air over the area ofthe verticalaxis of the pyramid had a width of about 500 m and reachedan altitude of 2 km. It is remarkable that this effect wasinduced by a nonconductive pyramid surface demonstrating asignificant degree of atmospheric ionization even under fair

Dec. 25, 20085

weather conditions. Thus, a suitably sized large or an electri-cally activated small pyramid should open a low impedancepath to higher elevations of relatively conductive atmosphericdomains.[0070] In conclusion, the total power that can be extractedfrom Earth's atomic oscillators must be extremely large,likely far exceeding current global electric generation capac-ity. In our experiment, we obtained over 7000 VA power atabout 20 kV p-p pyramid voltage using a 6 feet base lengthpyramid. This power is nearly 100 times greater than thepower necessary to drive the pyramid to the required operat-ing voltage. By constructing the pyramid generator fromdedicated high voltage components and using higher drivevoltages, a significant increase in power output is envisioned.The power extraction will also be enhanced by further opti-mization of the designs of both the pyramid and the coilsystem.[0071] The power output will also increase by employinglarger pyramid structures and coils. As voltage is the primaryfactor in attracting power into the system, the necessary volt-age can be provided by the vertical atmospheric potential ona tall pyramid. Since the atmospheric vertical potential gra-dient could go ashigh as 1200 V/m near Earth's surface underfair weather conditions [13], a pyramid height of 80-150 mseems sufficient to provide the apex voltage for a self-sustain-ing power generator. As the pyramid scales up volumetrically,a power generator pyramid ofthe size range of the GPG couldlikely have an output in the hundreds to thousands of mega-watts range. Groups of several pyramid electric generatorscould be placed within specific geographical areas, thus com-bining their energy harvesting capacity.

REFERENCES[0072] The following references are specifically applicableto the Example and are incorporated herein by reference;these references are referenced in the Example by the refer-ence numbers assigned to them.[0073] [1] Grandics, P. 2002, "The genesis of electro mag-netic and gravitational forces." J.New Energy, 6, (3) 33-45.

[0074] [2] Grandics, P.2007, "The genesis offundamentalforces acting at a distance and some practical derivations."Infinite Energy, 12, (71) 13-24.[0075] [3] Grandics, P. 2000, "A method to capture atmo-spheric electrostatic energy", in Proceedings of IEJ-ESAJoint Symposium on Electrostatics, Kyoto University,Kyoto, Japan, pp. 355-361.

[0076] [4] Grandics, P.2006, "A DC to RF converter for thecapture of atmospheric electrostatic energy", in Proceed-ings of the 5th Conference of the Societe FrancaiseD'Electrostatique, SFE 2006, Grenoble, France pp. 279-284.[0077] [5] Grandics, P. 2007, "Pyramidal Electric Trans-ducer: A DC to RF Converter for the Capture of Atmo-spheric Electrostatic Energy." Infinite Energy, 13, (73)20-27.

[0078] [6] Russell, W. 1947, in The Secret of Light, s., ed.Universi ty of Science and Philosophy, Waynesboro, Va.,pp.218-288.

[0079] [7] Russell, W. 1957, in Atomic Suicide? 2nd ed.Universi ty of Science and Philosophy, Waynesboro, Va.,pp.129-153.

[0080] [8] Russell, W. 1926, in The Universal One, Univer-sity of Science and Philosophy, Waynesboro, Va., pp. 247-249.


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[0081] [9] Nishida, K., Kobayashi, N. and Fukao, Y. 2000,"Resonant oscillations between the solid earth and theatmosphere", Science 287, (5461),2244-2246.[0082] [10] Tanimoto, T., Um, J., Nishida, K., and Koba-yashi, N. 1998, "Earth's continuous oscillations observedon seismically quiet days", Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1553-1556.

[0083] [11] Tanimoto, T. 2001, "Continuous free oscilla-tions: Atmosphere-solid earth coupling". Ann. Rev. EarthPlanet Sci. 29, 563-584.

[0084] [12] http://www.pyramidoflife.comlengltests_ex-periments.html.

[0085] [13] Marshall, T. C., Rust, W. D., Stolzenburg, M.,Roeder, W. P., and Kriebel, P. R. 1999, "A study ofenhanced fair-weather electric fields occurring soon aftersunrise". J. Geophys. Res. 104,24,455-24,469.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION[0086] The present invention provides a new method oftapping Earth's electric energy and providing usable powerthat can be fed into a power grid or supplied by stand-alonepower generators. Itdoes so without the need for mechanicalenergy or the consumption offossil fuel orthe long-term risksassociated with power generated by nuclear fission, includingthe risk of diversion of fissionable material to terrorist aims orthe risk posed by the required long-term storage of spentnuclear fuel. Devices according to the present invention canoperate virtually continuously with little to no maintenance.[0087] With respect to ranges of values, the inventionencompasses each intervening value between the upper andlower limits of the range to at least a tenth of the lower limit'sunit, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. More-over, the invention encompasses any other stated interveningvalues and ranges including either or both of the upper andlower limits of the range, unless specifically excluded fromthe stated range.[0088] Unless defined otherwise, the meanings of all tech-nical and scientific terms used herein are those commonlyunderstood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which thisinvention belongs. One of ordinary skill in the art will alsoappreciate that any methods and materials similar or equiva-lent to those described herein can also be used to practice ortest this invention.[0089] The publications and patents discussed herein areprovided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date ofthe present application. Nothing herein is to be construed asan admission that the present invention is not entitled toantedate such publication by virtue of prior invention. Furtherthe dates of publication provided may be different from theactual publication dates which may need to be independentlyconfirmed.[0090] All the publications cited are incorporated herein byreference in their entireties, including all published patents,patent applications, and literature references, as well as thosepublications that have been incorporated in those publisheddocuments. However, to the extent that any publication incor-porated herein by reference refers to information to be pub-lished, applicants do not admit that any such informationpublished after the filing date of this application is to beconsidered prior art.[0091] As used in this specification and in the appendedclaims, the singular forms include the plural forms. Forexample the terms "a," "an," and "the" include plural refer-ences unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Addition-

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ally, the term "at least" preceding a series of elements is to beunderstood as referring to every element in the series. Theinventions illustratively described herein can suitably bepracticed in the absence of any element or elements, limita-tion or limitations, not specifically disclosed herein. Thus, forexample, the terms "comprising," "including," "containing,"etc. shall be read expansively and without limitation. Addi-tionally, the terms and expressions employed herein havebeen used as terms of description and not of limitation, andthere is no intention in the use of such terms and expressionsof excluding any equivalents of the future shown anddescribed or any portion thereof, and it is recognized thatvarious modifications are possible within the scope of theinvention claimed. Thus, it should be understood thatalthough the present invention has been specifically disclosedby preferred embodiments and optional features, modifica-tion and variation of the inventions herein disclosed can beresorted to by those skilled in the art, and that such modifi-cations and variations are considered to be within the scope ofthe inventions disclosed herein. The inventions have beendescribed broadly and generically herein. Each of the nar-rower species and subgeneric groupings falling within thescope of the generic disclosure also form part of these inven-tions. This includes the generic description of each inventionwith a proviso or negative limitation removing any subjectmatter from the genus, regardless of whether or not theexcised materials specifically resided therein. In addition,where features or aspects of an invention are described interms of the Markush group, those schooled in the art willrecognize that the invention is also thereby described in termsof any individual member or subgroup of members of theMarkush group. It is also to be understood that the abovedescription is intended to be illustrative and not restrictive.Many embodiments will be apparent to those of in the artupon reviewing the above description. The scope of the inven-tion should therefore, be determined not with reference to theabove description, but should instead be determined withreference to the appended claims, along with the full scope ofequivalents to which such claims are entitled. Those skilled inthe art will recognize, or will be able to ascertain using nomore than routine experimentation, many equivalents to thespecific embodiments of the invention described. Suchequivalents are intended to be encompassed by the followingclaims.I claim:1. An electric generator for harvesting the energies of

atomic oscillators comprising:(a) an antenna/waveguide that is geometrically optimizedhaving a conducting surface;

(b) a primary coil wound with an insulated conductor overa secondary coil, the coil being connected to an AC orAC- DC driver; and

(c) a secondary coil of smaller diameter than the primarycoil having a greater length and a greater number of turnsthan the primary coil and having a first lead and a secondlead, the secondary coil being positioned coaxiallywithin the first coil and acting as a resonant step-uptransformer winding inductively coupled with the pri-mary and an external capacitor connected in parallelwith the secondary coil to provide a specific resonantfrequency; or

(d) a secondary coil of smaller diameter than the primarycoil having a greater length and a greater number of turnsthan the primary coil and having a first lead and a second


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lead, the secondary coil being positioned coaxiallywithin the first coil and acting as a resonant step-uptransformer winding inductively coupled with the pri-mary and connected with the antenna/waveguide serv-ing as a quasi-capacitive series element to provide aspecific resonant frequency;

wherein the conducting surface of the antenna/waveguideis configured such that the secondary coil is attachednear the point at which the electric field contacts theantenna/waveguide;wherein the generator absorbs impulses from Earth's elec-tric oscillations; and

wherein the attracted energy manifests as high voltagesinusoidal waveforms in the secondary coil, represent-ing harvested atmospheric and telluric electrical energyand measurable on the leads of the secondary coil.

2.Anelectric generator for attracting the electric emissionsof atomic oscil lations by the use of high voltage.3. The electric generator of claim 1, wherein a suitable

voltage is greater than 500 VRMS"4. The electric generator of claim 1, wherein the antenna/waveguide is designed based on ratios of pi and phi.5. The electric generator of claim 1, wherein the antenna/

waveguide is of pyramidal shape.6. The electric generator of claim 1, wherein the antenna/

waveguide is placed on an insulated base.7. The electric generator of claim 1, wherein the antenna/

waveguide is at a high voltage during the operation of thegenerator.8. The electric generator of claim 7, wherein the antenna/

waveguide voltage is greater than 500 VRMS'9. The electric generator of claim 1, wherein the antenna/

waveguide is connected to an oscillator.10. The electric generator of claim 9,wherein the oscillatorcomprises a resonant step-up transformer,11. The electric generator of claim 5, wherein the second-ary coil of the transformer is connected near the apex of the

antenna/waveguide.12. The electric generator of claim 1 wherein the second

lead of the secondary coil is connected to earth gronnd.13. The electric generator of claim 1 wherein the primary

coil is wound with a conductor over the secondary coil, theprimary coil being connected electrically to a driver operatingin the LF or ELF bands.14. The electric generator of claim 1, wherein the primary

coil is inductively coupled to the secondary coil .15. An electric generator for harvesting the electric emis-

sions of atomic oscillations comprising an oscillator.16. The electric generator of claim 15, wherein said oscil-

lator operates in the LF or ELF bands.

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17. The electric generator of claim 15 wherein the genera-tor comprises:(a) a primary coil wonnd with a conductor over a secondarycoil, the coil being connected electrically to a driveroperating in the LF or ELF bands; and(b) a secondary coil of smaller diameter than the primarycoil having a greater length and a greater number of turnsthan the primary coil, the secondary coil being posi-tioned coaxially within the first coil and acting as aresonant step-up transformer winding inductivelycoupled with the primary;

wherein said resonant step-up transformer's output voltageexceeds 500VRMS;

wherein the electric generator attracts impulses fromEarth's electric oscillations; and

wherein the attracted energy manifests as high voltagesinusoidal waveforms representing harvested electricenergy of atomic oscillations in the secondary coil andmeasurable on leads of the secondary coil.

18. The electric generator of claim 1, wherein the output ofthe secondary coil is coupled to a load for drawing powerfrom the generator.19. The electric generator of claim 15, wherein the output

of the secondary coil is coupled to a load for drawing powerfrom the generator.20. The electric generator of claim 5, wherein the height of

the pyramidal electric generator is from about 0.50 m to about1000m.

21. The electric generator of claim 5, wherein the basesurface area of the pyramid is from about 0.25 m2 to about1,000,000 m".22. The electric generator of claim 1,wherein the generator

is positioned in a generally north-south direction.23. A method of tapping Earth's electric oscillatory ener-

gies comprising the steps of:(a) positioning the electric generator of claim 1 such that itis exposed to Earth's electric oscillations; and(b) generating a high voltage sinusoidal signal representingharvested electric energy of atomic oscillators by theoperation of the generator.

24. A method of tapping Earth's electric oscillatory ener-gies comprising the steps of:(a) positioning the electric generator of claim 15 such thati t is exposed to Earth's electric oscillations; and

(b) generating a high voltage sinusoidal signal representingharvested electric energy of atomic oscillators by theoperation of the generator.

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12 140 887 Pyramid Electric Generator

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