11th INTERNATIONAL HCH and PESTICIDES FORUM · • Technical forum for experts of pesticide waste...

Institute of Plant Protection

National Research Institute

Sosnicowice Branch Bratislava, 6-7.10.2011

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CEUREG FORUM XV

11th INTERNATIONAL HCH and PESTICIDES FORUM –

– OUTCOMES

Gabala, Azerbaijan 7-9 September 2011

Institute of Plant Protection – National Research

Institute

Sosnicowice Branch

29 Gliwicka St., 44-153 SOSNICOWICE, Poland

phone +48 32 238 75 84, fax +48 32 238 75 03

e-mail: [email protected], web: www.ior.gliwice.plc

Organized by:

• IHPA (International HCH and Pesticides Association)

• Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of The Republic

of Azerbaijan

Authors: Stanislaw Stobiecki, Tomasz Stobiecki

mailto:[email protected]://www.ior.gliwice.pl/




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CEUREG FORUM XV

INTERNATIONAL HCH AND PESTICIDES FORUM BACKGROUND

• Technical forum for experts of pesticide waste management

• Discussions and interactions among pesticide industry

representatives, international, national and regional authorities,

NGO’s, Research Institutes, contractors, consultants and other

interested parties

• Finding technical solutions to the problems of obsolete pesticides

• Special attention given to resolving pesticide waste problems in the

Caucasus and Central Asia




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CEUREG FORUM XV

OBSOLETE PESTICIDES

• definition: pesticides become obsolete when they can no longer

be used for their intended purpose because of:

their prolonged impact on the environment

cannot be used due to their age

cannot be used due to decomposition

change in chemicals currently used

why HCH? global usage of lindane from 1950 to 2000 (agricultural

purposes, forestry, human health, other)

is 600 thousand tonnes

it means 5 millions tonnes of HCH production waste

could be present world-wide

several million tonnes of technical HCH have been used

far more than the tonnage of any other pesticides used

in history




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CEUREG FORUM XV

THE RANGE OF THE PROBLEM

• difficult to estimate exact quantities of obsolete pesticide (OPs)

• lack of documentation

• many countries are in the process of inventorying

300 thousand tonnes OPs

+ contaminated soil?

clean-up costs /tonne = ~3000 EUR

total cost 900 million EUR

RISK to: public health (drinking water sources)

animal health

environmental quality

agricultural production and trade




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CEUREG FORUM XV

HISTORY OF THE CONFERENCE

FORUM

Number Year Town Country Organizer

1 1992 Zwolle The Netherlands Provincie Overijssel, TAUW

2 1993 Magdeburg Germany IWU

3 1994 Bilbao Spain IHOBE

4 1996 Poznan Poland Institute of Plant Protection

5 1998 Bilbao Spain IHOBE

6 2001 Poznan Poland Institute of Plant Protection

7 2003 Kiev Ukraine National Agriculture University

8 2005 Sofia Bulgaria Ministry of Environment

9 2007 Chisinau Moldova Ministry of Ecology

10 2009 Brno Czech Republic Recetox, Masaryk University




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CEUREG FORUM XV

GABALA – VENUE OF THE FORUM

Bird’s eye view Inside the hotel

(conference hall)




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CEUREG FORUM XV

GABALA – THE MOST ANCIENT CITY OF AZERBAIJAN

Excavations Excavations

Ruins of the ancient Gabala dating back to the 4th century BC




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CEUREG FORUM XV

11th INTERNATIONAL HCH AND PESTICIDES FORUM

• 120 participants from 29 countries

• 93 presentations

• 3 workshops

• Exhibitions (GIZ-IHPA-PAN)

• IHPA Board Meeting

• Film „Silent snow” – Jan van den Berg




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CEUREG FORUM XV

FORUM OBJECTIVES

• To review past and ongoing activities in the field of obsolete

pesticides in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America

• To describe what has been implemented since 10th Forum

• To discuss national strategies, plans, inventories

• To review and exchange technologies of waste treatment

• To exchange experiences related to inventory, risk assessment,

storage and disposal of obsolete pesticides

• To discuss financial assistance available for countries




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CEUREG FORUM XV

MAIN SESSIONS (1)

• State of obsolete and POP’s pesticides in Central/Eastern Europe,

the Caucasus and Central Asia Republics

• New POP’s

• Experiences with obsolete pesticides and POP’s in Azerbaijan

• Approaches for sustainable pesticides management

• POP’s monitoring

• Tools for the assessment of pesticide storage sites

• Environmentally sound management of PCBS – an international

overview




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CEUREG FORUM XV

MAIN SESSIONS (2)

• Public awareness and public participation and public health issues

• Swiss and EECCA supported pilot demonstration project on public

awareness and inventory in Azerbaijan

• Problems with identifying unknown substances in the field

• Progress in the FAO-GEF Regional Project on “Capacity building on

obsolete and POP’s pesticides in nine Eastern European, Caucasus

and Central Asian (EECCA) countries”

• POP’s management and destruction




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CEUREG FORUM XV

TA STORAGE – AZERBAIJAN’S SOLUTION

7 000 tonnes of obsolete pesticides – permanent storage

Military Training Area (TA) Military Training Area

226 x (30-40) tonnes




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CEUREG FORUM XV

SESSION 2 POP’s MONITORING

1. Central European ambient air organochlorine pesticides long term

trends.

2. POP pesticides in ambient air from MONET network – levels and

trends.

3. Case of-hexachlorocyclohexane.

4. Central European and Central Asian ambient air POP’s long term

trends.

5. GENASIS: system for the assessment of environmental contamination

by persistent organic pollutants (POPs).




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CEUREG FORUM XV

16 YEARS OF POLISH EXPERIENCE (1)

• 16 years ago we started with our own solutions

• So far € 50 million was spent to close 231 tombs

• 20 thousand tons of pesticide waste were incinerated

• 100 thousand tons of contaminated soil and rubble were placed

in hazardous waste landfill

• Inventory, data base, legal basis, cost estimate, funding options for

pesticide waste disposal projects

most important lessons




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CEUREG FORUM XV

16 YEARS OF POLISH EXPERIENCE (2)

(technical and organizational conditions in the process of disposing of obsolete pesticides)

(Tombs consisting of concrete rings)




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CEUREG FORUM XV

„RUDNA GORA” (RG) LANDFILL GENERAL INFORMATION

• Total area: ~ 20 ha

• Amount of waste: ~ 160 000 tons, including 88 000 tons of hazardous

waste, mainly: DDT, α,β,γ-HCH, HCB, dieldrin, cyanides, mercury.

• Landfill located in a former sandpit quarry, at the ground water level.

• Contaminants drain in the direction of Przemsza River – a tributary

of the Vistula River which flows into the Baltic Sea.

• Hot Spot No. 89 on the Helsinki Convention list.




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CEUREG FORUM XV

GENERAL VIEW OF THE LANDFILL




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CEUREG FORUM XV

WETLANDS




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CEUREG FORUM XV

WETLANDS




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CEUREG FORUM XV

DIVERSION TRENCH




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CEUREG FORUM XV

MOST IMPORTANT ISSUES ACCORDING TO IOR (IPP)

• Research and see if there are other places of hazardous waste storage

around the Wawolnica Stream.

• Obtain a legal opinion as to who is in charge of organizing remedial

activities for the region.

• Select the optimal technology to stop the release of contaminants from

the site, receive a viable proposal and price list for the project.




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CEUREG FORUM XV

USING A CONCEPTUAL SITE MODEL (CSM) FOR SITE ASSESSMENT

CASE: RUDNA GORA

• A CSM is a graph or a table/text outlining the complex pollution

situation of a site in a simplified way.

• The CSM is based on a source-path-receptor analysis to assess the

risks of the sites and prioritize necessary remediation measures.

• To design the scenarios in detail, different site information is needed.

• To facilitate this process there is a list of questions to see what

information is present and to assess the relevance of this information

for the different remediation scenarios.




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CEUREG FORUM XV

CSM Gaming – phase 1

Preliminary design CSM

based on information

gathered before site visit

CSM gaming – phase 2

On-site design CSM

CSM is filled with information

gathered during site visit(s)

CSM Gaming – phase 3

CSM is completed and risks

are identified and indicated

with a red flag

Risk

Buried

Crops Animals eating

Human

consumption of

meat,

vegetables,

water etc. G roundwater contaminated

Source – pathway – receptor Pumping

contaminated water

Groundwate

Top Soil contaminated

Tree crops

contaminated

Source – pathway – receptor

CSM GAMING PHASES




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CEUREG FORUM XV

POSSIBLE SCENARIOS FOR RUDNA GORA (1)

• The two proposed rehabilitation scenarios are aiming at the elimination of the

acute risks and containing the indirect risks. The outlines of two scenarios are:

• Complete excavation of the site landfill and:

– Off-site controlled disposal of waste

– Incineration of the POPs and other organic waste

– Off-site treatment of contaminated soil

– Pump and treat groundwater

The result of this site rehabilitation is a clean site which can be used without hardly

any restrictions (multifunctional). The site needs no after care, only restrictions on

the groundwater use will be in place as long as the groundwater is not clean. The

cost of this rehabilitation scenario will be very high. Safety guarantee during

excavation will demand a lot of resources.




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CEUREG FORUM XV

POSSIBLE SCENARIOS FOR RUDNA GORA (2)

• Containment of the landfill by:

– Introducing a natural cap

– In situ and on-site remediation of contaminated soil

– Pump and treat groundwater

The result of this site rehabilitation is a site which can be used with restrictions;

the aim is to fit in the site use with the surrounding land use. Considering the

nearby town of Jaworzno, the landfill will best be a recreational park for the local

residents. The costs for this scenario will be lower. The land use is restricted

and the site aftercare must be in place forever.




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CEUREG FORUM XV

Questions on the preliminary site assessment

Excavation Pre CSM - Preliminary

Risk assessment

Containment Pre CSM - Preliminary

Risk assessment

Yes No Yes No

1 Source: Is it necessary to know

All waste types in the landfill

The dimensions of the land fill

The conditions of the top layer

If the waste reaches the groundwater

The concentration in the groundwater

The probability of rainwater leaching through the landfill

The erosion (runoff) at the landfill

2 Receptors: Is it necessary to know:

If humans can have direct contact with the contaminants

If livestock can have direct contact with the contaminants

If wildlife can have direct contact with the contaminants

If humans can have indirect contact with the contaminants

If livestock can have indirect contact with the contaminants

If wildlife can have indirect contact with the contaminants

3 Pathways: Is it necessary to know:

The rainwater characteristics

The runoff possibilities

If the leaching takes place

The groundwater characteristics

The down gradient (downstream) groundwater quality

The up gradient (upstream) groundwater quality

The surface water characteristic

The down gradient (downstream) surface water quality

The up gradient (upstream) surface water quality

The wind characteristics

The windward land use

The lee side land use

Foodstuff gets contaminated via air, groundwater and/or soil

4 Make a preliminary CSM




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CEUREG FORUM XV

Questions for the implementation of the site assessment

Excavation Pre CSM -

Preliminary Risk assessment

Containment Pre CSM -


Yes No Yes No

1 What needs to be surveyed in the source zone to complete the

CSM

Waste

Soil

Groundwater

Surface water

Air

2 Which receptors need to be surveyed and or monitored

Human bio-monitoring

Animal product monitoring

(Wild) crop monitoring

Wildlife / fish product monitoring

3 What paths need to be surveyed and or monitored

Groundwater

Air

Surface water

Questions about the remediation/rehabilitation scenario Excavation Pre CSM -


Containment Pre CSM -


1 What is the most cost effective scenario and why?




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CEUREG FORUM XV

THE GABALA DECLARATION

...

The participants specifically, in recognition of the important contributions to the

elimination of POPs, obsolete pesticides and other hazardous chemical wastes,

Call upon the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Member

States, the United Nation institutions, World Bank and other bilateral and

multilateral donors to

...

1. note the important progress (see attached IHPA report) on national level and

the increasing momentum and desire among governments and civil societies

to eliminate and prevent POPs, obsolete pesticides and hazardous chemical

stockpiles,

2. continue dialogue on the scale and urgency of the problem and on

developing possible solutions,

3. financially support and co-finance national and regional initiatives.

11th INTERNATIONAL HCH and PESTICIDES FORUM · • Technical forum for experts of pesticide waste...

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