11th Annual NDIA Expeditionary Warfare Conference

Rear Admiral William Landay III

October 23, 2006

Technological DominanceTechnological Dominance

Today, Marines and Sailors have at their disposal the world’s most

sophisticated military technology

Mobile Communications

Laser-Guided Munitions

Network-Centricity, Information Warfare,

and Intelligence

GPS Navigation and Targeting

Internet—Information Warfare

and Intelligence

Commercial Laser Rangefinder—Precise

Targeting

Handheld GPS—Location with

Extreme Accuracy

Technological Technological ““DemocratizationDemocratization””

In the global war on terror and in Iraq, our adversaries are leveraging sophisticated technology that is now easily available anywhere in the world—and at a modest cost.

Cell Phones—Mobile Comms

A Technological A Technological ““Perfect StormPerfect Storm””??

“It is by devising new weapons, and above all by scientific leadership, that we shall best cope with the enemy’s superior strength.”

--Winston Churchill

“Acquiring weapons for the defense of Muslims is a religious duty. If I have indeed acquired these weapons, then I thank God for enabling me to do so. And if I seek to acquire these weapons, I am carrying out a duty. It would be a sin for Muslims not to try to possess the weapons that would prevent the infidels from inflicting harm on Muslims.”

--Osama bin Laden

The 21st Century is also going to be an age of scientific change, with certain cutting-edge technologies likely to be applied to naval warfare…high-tech arms will make direct attacks on naval battlefields possible from outer space, remote altitudes and remote land bases…superconduction technology will bring superconductor ships to the naval order of battle, enabling ships to travel faster without noise…submarines will be able to go faster and deeper, with the seabed being the ideal place to build military bases.”

--Chinese Naval Officers at the Navy Research Institute in Beijing

For decades, Western militaries have held a decisive technological advantage…

Today, enemies are able to acquire weapons and technology quickly and cheaply…

And there also are adversaries willing to invest significantly in new technology

World Science and Technology World Science and Technology InvestmentInvestment

+78%

** OECD 2005 PPP; Global S&T Report (Batelle) - PPP data Lyons, Mikami 2006, AOARD

1%

2%

3%

2%

1%

EU 25% 12% 3%

5%

33% 13%

<1%

Lyons, Mikami 2005, AOARD

Asia Share1996: 26%2004: 35%

2%

1%3%

2%

2%

EU 28%

4% 3%38% 16%

<1%* UIS S&T database; World Bank - PPP data

1%

2004**

1996*

Japan

China

USA

Taiwan

S. Korea

Canada +

Other America

India

Other Asia

Africa +

Mid East

Aus/NZ

Europe

World Science and Technology World Science and Technology PublicationsPublications

* Data from Science Citation Index, Web of Science, Thomson Scientific; November 2005 (Lyons, Wegener, Hubbard)

3%

36%

1%

3%

2%

35%

2%

7%

8%

2%

7%

5%

2%

33%

5% 31%

2%

8%

1%1%3%

3%

851,764 articles

1,094,017 articles

+28%

Asia Share1996: 19%2004: 24%

1996

2004

Nanotechnology Nanotechnology Publications (1995Publications (1995--2004*)2004*)

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04Japan: MEMS, materials & electronics, CNTs, quantum dots/wires, photocatalysis

U.S.: biomaterials, drug design, environmental catalysis, quantum computing

Nu

mb

er

of

Pu

bli

cati

on

s

* Data from Science Citation Index, Web of Science, Thomson Scientific; November 2005 (Lyons, Wegener, Hubbard)

Asia

USA

ChinaJapan

Europe

Europe: Germany, France, UK, Russia

Asia: Japan, China, Korea, Taiwan

N-E Asia Share: Overall publication = 16%

Nano publications = 38%

““Tech TransferTech Transfer””

What are the key discriminators of U.S. technology?

• Fast movers

• Innovative

• Leading-edge scientists

• Flexible

• Focused on quality

What are the top U.S. technology companies?

HP, IBM, GE, Microsoft, Dell, and Google?

We see these companies operating today in India, China, Russia, and elsewhere in the

“developing” world…

A Swiftly Changing PlanetA Swiftly Changing Planet

• In an era of increasing globalization, new technology is more readily available—and more quickly—than ever before

• The natures of “combatant” and “weapon”are changing, and new challenges can come from anywhere in the world

• We must accept the fact that adversaries will use our technology against us

• To stay competitive on tomorrow’s battlefields, we must:

- Ensure our people and research enterprises are more innovative

- Maintain our technological advantage

S&T Focus to Meet Naval NeedsS&T Focus to Meet Naval Needs

Near Mid Long

High

Low

Quick Reaction S&T

Discovery & Invention(Basic and Applied Science)

ONR

Warfighter

AcquisitionEnablers

Leap AheadInnovations

Fo

cus

Time Frame

ONRONR’’ss International EngagementInternational Engagement

The AmericasThe Americas:

CanadaMexicoBrazilChileArgentinaUruguay

AfricaAfrica:

MoroccoNigeriaCameroonKenyaSouth AfricaMauritius

AsiaAsia::

JapanKoreaTaiwanVietnamThailandSingaporeAustraliaNew ZealandIndiaPakistanBahrainTurkeyIraqIsrael

EuropeEurope:: France Slovenia LatviaSpain Poland Lithuania

Norway Portugal Romania UkraineSweden Germany Bulgaria RussiaFinland Italy Greece ArmeniaDenmark Czech Rep. Estonia AzerbaijanU.K. SlovakiaIreland HungaryNetherlands AustriaBelgium

Fiscal Years 2004-2006

Science and Technology Investment by Science and Technology Investment by Current Capability AreaCurrent Capability Area

FY07 $M

4.4

7.3

7.5

13.4

17.6

18.3

25.6

29.8

40.8

51.0

54.1

56.3

59.0

80.0

80.5

84.0

91.9

103.5

114.0

117.0

133.8

160.6

249.1

0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0 200.0 250.0 300.0

Lightening Infantryman Load

Alternative Fuels

Helo/VSTOL Survivability

Heavy Lift Technologies

On-the-Move/Over-the-Horizon C2

Combat Tactical Vehicle

Global Connectivity

Networks & Communications

Power Sources

Common Operational & Tactical Picture

Responsive Logistics

Counter IED

Precise & Persisitent Firepower

Intel, Surveillance & Recon

Force Protection

Deliberate & Time Sensitive Strike

Affordability

Ship-to-Objective Maneuver

Mine Warfare/Countermeasures

Anti-Surface Warfare

Air & Missile Defense

Global War on Terrorism

Anti-Submarine Warfare

Areas of increasing Navy/MC emphasis

Resulting Focus AreasResulting Focus Areas

Power & Energy

Affordability, Maintainability, & Reliability

Fleet/Force Sustainment

Platform Mobility

Naval Warrior Performance & Protection

Survivability & Self-Defense

Power Projection

Assure Access & Hold at Risk

Distributed Operations

Asymmetric & Irregular Warfare

Operational Environments

Information, Analysis & Communication

Maritime Domain Awareness

Naval S&T Focus Areas

Operational Concepts &

Missions

Warfighting & Support

Functions

Functions that S&T would enable or enhance

Include accepted and projected future functions

ONR Technology for the Expeditionary ONR Technology for the Expeditionary WarfighterWarfighter

QuadGuard: Arm and leg protection to protect against blast

injuries

Joint Light Tactical Vehicle: A family of survivable combat vehicles

Mine Warfare

SpeechGear: Bi-directional Free Speech Language Translation

Visual Understanding Research

Video Understanding ResearchVideo Understanding Research

ONR Technology for Expeditionary ONR Technology for Expeditionary Warfighter ImprovementWarfighter Improvement

Dietary Performance Enhancement

VirtuSphere

ConclusionsConclusionsConclusions

Rapidly changing global technology is creating challenges—as well as opportunities—for today’s expeditionary warfighter

ONR is flexible enough to solve today’s critical challenges while focusing on tomorrow and the Navy and Marine Corps after Next

Committed to maintaining ourwarfighter’s superiority to ensure victory on today’s as well as tomorrow’s battlefields…

Questions?Questions?

WWW.ONR.NAVY.MIL

BACK UP

Visual Understanding ResearchVisual Understanding Research

To develop video understanding technology for real time event detection and easy access of the massive video content by semantic scene understanding, video categorization and concept detection

Object model for tracking & event detection

Multi-modal video event

understanding

Video tagging with metadata indicating video highlights and events

Video streams

Event and Activity detection

Automatic scene understanding for landmark and context

learningUnattended Object

NonNon--North American S&T North American S&T InvestmentInvestment

+78%

** OECD 2005 PPP; Global S&T Report (Batelle) - PPP data

2%5%

3%

1%

EU 38% 18% 5%

7%

20%

1%

Lyons, Mikami 2005, AOARD

Asia Share1996: 45%2004: 53%

2%5%

3%

3%

EU 46% 7% 5%

26%

1%* UIS S&T database; World Bank - PPP data

2%

Normalized without US and Canada

(1996* to 2004**)

Japan

China

US & Canada

Taiwan

S. Korea

Other America

India

Other Asia

Africa + Mid East

AUS/NZ

Europe

NonNon--US S+T PublicationsUS S+T Publications

* Data from Science Citation Index, Web of Science, Thomson Scientific; November 2005 (Lyons, Wegener, Hubbard)

5%

58%

2%

5%

2% 2%

6%

12%

3%

6%

8%

3%

50%

8%

3%

13%

2%2%5%

5%

851,764 articles

1,094,017 articles

+28%

Asia Share1996: 31%2004: 36%

(1996 to 2004*)Normalized without US and Canada

Global R&D FundingGlobal R&D Funding

Main S&T Indicators

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

90 91 94 95 98 99 01 03

Year

Tot

al R

&D

Exp

endi

ture

Per

cent

ages

OECD

U.S. only

OECD (incl US)

Non-OECD

The developing world is making an increasingly significant

contribution to the total global

investment in R&D

Integrated Combat Systems:

A “plug & play” ready vehicle that can be quickly adapted to a variety of missions. Power, hard points and crew stations compatible with remote weapons and sensor systems. Leverage Gunslinger and AugCog programs.

Crew station:

Expand on lessons learned from ULTRA to design superior ergonomics, safety and “fightability”of platform.

Integrate Active RPG Defense:

Incorporate evolved active net system from current effort.

Superior Mobility/Performance:

State of the art drive train & suspension technologies. Leverage hybrid electric systems from the RST-V, ECASS, and private sector.

Advanced Armor Design:

Leverage Army Research Lab ceramic composite and EM armor designs for medium vehicles.

Advanced Automotive Safety:

Best available safety features to reduce roll-over, collisions and from AugCog platform (autonomous obstacle avoidance system, optical lane sensing, computer stability control).

Mine/ IED Survivability:

Cab floor and crew seats designed to mitigate shock loading from mines & IEDs.

Trades, Concepts, Technology Demonstrator:Conduct trade studies, design, build & test a combat science and technology

demonstrator platform. Leverage simulation-based design tools.

Joint Light Tactical VehicleJoint Light Tactical Vehicle

RST-V

Automated Object RecognitionAutomated Object Recognition

SpeechGearSpeechGear: Bi: Bi--directional Free Speech directional Free Speech Language TranslationLanguage Translation

Description

A hand held rugged device to allow dismounted troops to translate bi-directionally from Arabic to English and back

Benefits

- Uses commercial/government off-the-shelf equipment

- Lessens the need for trained translators in field

- Allows for translation of written, visual & spoken language

- Greater than 90% accuracy for in-field translation of free speech

Design philosophy• Optimizes protection, mobility, weight and comfort

• Protection against blast fragments and small arms• Designed to reduce likelihood of severe injuries• NIJ Level IIA protection (NIJ Level II option also available)

Design features• Protection zones based on anatomical vulnerability• Flexible joints for mobility• Vented for comfort • Integrates with Interceptor vest system• Arm guard weights

• 1.6 lbs per arm • Leg guard weights (including suspenders)

• 3.1 lbs per leg - open vented design• 3.5 lbs per leg - closed vented design

• Volume production cost less than $1000 per set

Program team • Funding

• Office of Naval Research “Tech Solutions” Program • Design and production

• Naval Research Laboratory• Army Research Laboratory• FS Technology• Oklahoma State University

QuadGuardQuadGuard: Arm and Leg Protection: Arm and Leg Protectionto Reduce Blast Injuriesto Reduce Blast Injuries

FST

Enemy Convoy

3rd Squad

FSCCPlt CmdElement

FDC

Enemy Sniper

Enemy Squad

Enemy Squad

1st Squad

Simultaneous Distributed OpsDO Tenets

• Enhanced Fires Against Larger Forces

• Increased Unit Separation

• Small Unit Control of Integrated Fires

• Effective in Unique Battlefield Geometries

• Reduced Weight

2nd Squad

DO Operational EnvironmentDO Operational Environment

Distributed OperationsDistributed Operations

ONR Technology for Expeditionary ONR Technology for Expeditionary WarfighterWarfighter ImprovementImprovement

Computer Training Testing Combat Decision-

Making Skills

VirtuSphere

Blue Screen Simulator Virtual Reality Training for the

Aviator

Dietary Performance Enhancement

Fatigue and Stress Management