119733869 Admin Case Digest

8/14/2019 119733869 Admin Case Digest

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ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTS

DELEGATION OF POWERS TOADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES

COMPANIA GENERAL DE TABACOS DEFILIPINAS vs. THE BOARD OF PUBLIC

UTILITY COMMISSIONERSG.R. No. L-11216 Marc 6! 1"16

Fac#$%

COMPANIA GENERAL DE TABACOS DEFILIPINAS is a foreign corporationorganized nder t!e "a#s of Spain andengaged in $ siness in t!e %!i"ippineIs"ands as a co&&on carrier ofpassengers and &erc!andise $' #ater()n * ne +, - -/, t!e 0oard of % $"ic1ti"it' Co&&issioners iss ed and ca sedto $e served an order to s!o# ca se #!'t!e' s!o "d not $e re2 ired to presentdetai"ed ann a" reports respecting itsfinances and operations respecting t!evesse"s o#ned and operated $' it, in t!efor& and containing t!e &attersindicated $' t!e &ode" attac!ed to t!epetition.

T!e' are ordered to present ann a""' onor $efore Marc! first of eac! 'ear adetai"ed report of finances andoperations of s c! vesse"s as areoperated $' it as a co&&on carrier#it!in t!e %!i"ippine Is"ands, in t!e for&and containing t!e &atters indicated int!e &ode" of ann a" report #!ic!acco&panied t!e order to s!o# ca se!erein.

COMPANIA GENERAL DE TABACOS DEFILIPINAS denied t!e a t!orit' of t!e$oard to re2 ire t!e report as3ed for ont!e gro nd t!at t!e provision of Act No.456+ re"ied on $' said $oard as a t!orit'for s c! re2 ire&ent #as, if constr ed asconferring s c! po#er, inva"id asconstit ting an n"a#f " atte&pt on t!epart of t!e Legis"at re to de"egate"egis"ative po#er to t!e $oard. It isc &$erso&e and nnecessari"' pro"i7and t!at t!e preparation of t!e sa&e

#o "d entai" an i&&ense a&o nt ofc"erica" #or3.8

ISSUE%

W!et!er or not it is constit tiona" tore2 ire COMPANIA GENERAL DETABACOS DE FILIPINAS #o &a$$ a'(#a)*(' r(&or# #o # ( 0oard of % $"ic1ti"it' Co&&issioners of t!e %!i"ippineIs"ands9W!et!er t!e po#er to re2 ire t!edetai"ed report is strict"' "egis"ative, orad&inistrative, or &ere"' re"ates to t!ee7ec tion of t!e "a#9

HELD%

T!e order appea"ed fro& is set aside andt!e ca se is ret rned to t!e 0oard of% $"ic 1ti"it' Co&&issioners #it!instr ctions to dis&iss t!e proceeding.

RULING%

T!e section of Act No. 456+ nder #!ic!t!e 0oard of % $"ic 1ti"it' Co&&issionersre"ies for its a t!orit', so far as pertinentto t!e case at !and, reads as fo""o#s(

Sec. -:. T!e 0oard s!a"" !avepo#er, after !earing, pon notice,$' order in #riting, to re2 ire ever'p $"ic ti"it' as !erein defined( ;e<

To f rnis! ann a""' a detai"edreport of finances and operations,in s c! for& and containing s c!&atters as t!e 0oard &a' fro&ti&e to ti&e $' order prescri$e.

T!e stat te #!ic! a t!orizes a 0oard of% $"ic 1ti"it' Co&&issioners to re2 iredetai"ed reports fro& p $"ic ti"ities,"eaving t!e nat re of t!e report, t!econtents t!ereof, t!e genera" "ines #!ic!it s!a"" fo""o#, t!e princip"e pon #!ic! its!a"" proceed, indeed, a"" ot!er &atters#!atsoever, to t!e e7c" sive discretion oft!e $oard, is not e7pressing its o#n #i""or t!e #i"" of t!e State #it! respect to t!ep $"ic ti"ities to #!ic! it refers.

EH +, Pa ( 1



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSS c! a provision does not dec"are, or seto t, or indicate #!at infor&ation t!eState re2 ires, #!at is va" a$"e to it,#!at it needs in order to i&pose correctand = st ta7ation, s pervision or contro",or t!e facts #!ic! t!e State & st !ave inorder to dea" = st"' and e2 ita$"' #it!s c! p $"ic ti"ities and to re2 ire t!e&to dea" = st"' and e2 ita$"' #it! t!eState. T!e Legis"at re see&s si&p"' to!ave a t!orized t!e 0oard of % $"ic1ti"it' Co&&issioners to re2 ire #!atinfor&ation t!e $oard #ants. It #o "dsee& t!at t!e Legis"at re, $' t!eprovision in 2 estion, de"egated to t!e0oard of % $"ic 1ti"it' Co&&issioners a""of its po#ers over a given s $=ect>&atterin a &anner a"&ost a$so" te, and #it!o t"a'ing do#n a r "e or even &a3ing as ggestion $' #!ic! t!at po#er is to $edirected, g ided or app"ied.

T!e tr e distinction is $et#een t!ede"egation of po#er to &a3e t!e "a#,#!ic! necessari"' invo"ves a discretion asto #!at s!a"" $e, and conferring a t!orit'or discretion as to its e7ec tion, to $ee7ercised nder and in p rs ance of t!e"a#. T!e first cannot $e done? to t!e"atter no va"id o$=ection can $e &ade.

T!e S pre&e Co rt !e"d t!at t!ere #asno de"egation of "egis"ative po#er, it said(

T!e Congress &a' not de"egate itsp re"' "egis"ative po#ers to aco&&ission, $ t, !aving "aid do#nt!e genera" r "es of action nder#!ic! a co&&ission s!a"" proceed,it &a' re2 ire of t!at co&&issiont!e app"ication of s c! r "es topartic "ar sit ations and t!einvestigation of facts, #it! a vie#to &a3ing orders in a partic "ar&atter #it!in t!e r "es "aid do#n$' t!e Congress.

In section 46 ;of t!e Co&&erce Act<,Congress !as a t!orized t!e co&&issionto re2 ire ann a" reports. The act itself

prescribes in detail what those reportsshall contain . In ot!er #ords, Congress

!as "aid do#n genera" r "es for t!eg idance of t!e Co&&ission, "eaving to itmerely the carrying out of details in t!ee7ercise of t!e po#er so conferred. T!is,#e t!in3, is not a de"egation of "egis"ativea t!orit'.

In t!e case at $ar t!e provisionco&p"ained of does not "a# 8do#n t!egenera" r "es of action nder #!ic! t!eco&&ission s!a"" proceed.8 nor does ititse"f prescri$e in detai" #!at t!osereports s!a"" contain. %ractica""'ever't!ing is "eft to t!e = dg&ent anddiscretion of t!e 0oard of % $"ic 1ti"it'Co&&issioners, #!ic! is nrestrained asto #!en it s!a"" act, #!' it s!a"" act, !o#it s!a"" act, to #!at e7tent it s!a"" act, or#!at it s!a"" act pon.

T!e Legis"at re, $' t!e provision in2 estion, !as a$dicated its po#ers andf nctions in favor of t!e 0oard of % $"ic1ti"it' Co&&issioners #it! respect to t!e&atters t!erein referred to, and t!ats c! Act is in vio"ation of t!e Act ofCongress of * "' -, - 64. T!e Legis"at re,$' t!e provision referred to, !as notas3ed for t!e infor&ation #!ic! t!e State#ants $ t !as a t!orized and $oard too$tain t!e infor&ation #!ic! t!e $oard#ants.

US /$ Ta0 Ho 1"22 G.R. 13122

Fac#$%

At its specia" session of - - , t!e%!i"ippine Legis"at re passed Act No.4@:@, entit"ed 8An Act pena"izing t!e&onopo"' and !o"ding of, andspec "ation in, pa"a', rice, and cornnder e7traordinar' circ &stances,

reg "ating t!e distri$ tion and sa"et!ereof, and a t!orizing t!e Governor>Genera", #it! t!e consent of t!e Co nci"of State, to iss e t!e necessar' r "es andreg "ations t!erefor, and &a3ing anappropriation for t!is p rpose8.

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ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSSection 5 defines #!at s!a"" constit te a&onopo"' or !oarding of pa"a', rice orcorn #it!in t!e &eaning of t!is Act, $ tdoes not specif' t!e price of rice ordefine an' $asic for fi7ing t!e price.

A g st -, - - , t!e Governor>Genera"iss ed a proc"a&ation fi7ing t!e price at#!ic! rice s!o "d $e so"d. T!en, onA g st @, - - , a co&p"aint #as fi"edagainst t!e defendant, Ang Tang o,c!arging !i& #it! t!e sa"e of rice at ane7cessive price. 1pon t!is c!arge, !e#as tried, fo nd g i"t' and sentenced.

T!e officia" records s!o# t!at t!e Act #asto ta3e effect on its approva"? t!at it #asapproved * "' 56, - - ? t!at t!eGovernor>Genera" iss ed !isproc"a&ation on t!e -st of A g st, - - ?and t!at t!e "a# #as first p $"is!ed ont!e -5t! of A g st, - - ? and t!at t!eproc"a&ation itse"f #as first p $"is!ed ont!e 46t! of A g st, - - .

I$$4(%

W)N t!e de"egation of "egis"ative po#erto t!e Governor Genera" #as va"id.

H(*'%

0' t!e )rganic La#, a"" Legis"ative po#eris vested in t!e Legis"at re, and t!epo#er conferred pon t!e Legis"at re to&a3e "a#s cannot $e de"egated to t!eGovernor>Genera", or an'one e"se. T!eLegis"at re cannot de"egate t!e"egis"ative po#er to enact an' "a#.

T!e case of t!e 1nited States S pre&eCo rt, s pra dea"t #it! r "es andreg "ations #!ic! #ere pro& "gated $'t!e Secretar' of Agric "t re forGovern&ent "and in t!e forest reserve.

T!ese decisions !o"d t!at t!e "egis"ativeon"' can enact a "a#, and t!at it cannotde"egate it "egis"ative a t!orit'.

T!e "ine of c"eavage $et#een #!at is and#!at is not a de"egation of "egis"ative

po#er is pointed o t and c"ear"' defined.As t!e S pre&e Co rt of Wisconsin sa's(

T!at no part of t!e "egis"ative po#ercan $e de"egated $' t!e "egis"at re toan' ot!er depart&ent of t!egovern&ent, e7ec tive or = dicia", is af nda&enta" princip"e in constit tiona""a#, essentia" to t!e integrit' and&aintenance of t!e s'ste& ofgovern&ent esta$"is!ed $' t!econstit tion.

W!ere an act is c"ot!ed #it! a"" t!efor&s of "a#, and is co&p"ete in andof itse"f, it &a' $e provided t!at its!a"" $eco&e operative on"' ponso&e certain act or event, or, in "i3e&anner, t!at its operation s!a"" $es spended.

T!e "egis"at re cannot de"egate itspo#er to &a3e a "a#, $ t it can &a3ea "a# to de"egate a po#er todeter&ine so&e fact or state of t!ingspon #!ic! t!e "a# &a3es, or intendsto &a3e, its o#n action to depend.

It & st $e conceded t!at, after t!epassage of act No. 4@:@, and $efore an'r "es and reg "ations #ere pro& "gated$' t!e Governor>Genera", a dea"er in riceco "d se"" it at an' price, even at a pesoper 8ganta,8 and t!at !e #o "d notco&&it a cri&e, $eca se t!ere #o "d $eno "a# fi7ing t!e price of rice, and t!esa"e of it at an' price #o "d not $e acri&e. T!at is to sa', in t!e a$sence of aproc"a&ation, it #as not a cri&e to se""rice at an' price. ence, it & st fo""o#t!at, if t!e defendant co&&itted a cri&e,it #as $eca se t!e Governor>Genera"iss ed t!e proc"a&ation. T!ere #as noact of t!e Legis"at re &a3ing it a cri&eto se"" rice at an' price, and #it!o t t!eproc"a&ation, t!e sa"e of it at an' price#as to a cri&e.

W!en Act No. 4@:@ is ana"'zed, it is t!evio"ation of t!e proc"a&ation of t!eGovernor>Genera" #!ic! constit tes t!ecri&e. Wit!o t t!at proc"a&ation, it #as

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ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSno cri&e to se"" rice at an' price. In ot!er#ords, t!e Legis"at re "eft it to t!e so"ediscretion of t!e Governor>Genera" to sa'#!at #as and #!at #as not 8an' ca se8for enforcing t!e act, and #!at #as and#!at #as not 8an e7traordinar' rise int!e price of pa"a', rice or corn,8 andnder certain ndefined conditions to fi7t!e price at #!ic! rice s!o "d $e so"d,#it!o t regard to grade or 2 a"it', a"soto sa' #!et!er a proc"a&ation s!o "d $eiss ed, if so, #!en, and #!et!er or nott!e "a# s!o "d $e enforced, !o# "ong its!o "d $e enforced, and #!en t!e "a#s!o "d $e s spended. T!e Legis"at re didnot specif' or define #!at #as 8an'ca se,8 or #!at #as 8an e7traordinar'rise in t!e price of rice, pa"a' or corn,8Neit!er did it specif' or define t!econditions pon #!ic! t!e proc"a&ations!o "d $e iss ed. In t!e a$sence of t!eproc"a&ation no cri&e #as co&&itted.

T!e a""eged sa"e #as &ade a cri&e, if ata"", $eca se t!e Governor>Genera" iss edt!e proc"a&ation. T!e act orproc"a&ation does not sa' an't!inga$o t t!e different grades or 2 a"ities ofrice, and t!e defendant is c!arged #it!t!e sa"e 8of one ganta of rice at t!e priceof eig!t' centavos ;%6.@6< #!ic! is aprice greater t!an t!at fi7ed $' E7ec tiveorder No. /5.8

We are c"ear"' of t!e opinion and !o"dt!at Act No. 4@:@, in so far as itnderta3es to a t!orized t!e Governor>Genera" in !is discretion to iss e aproc"a&ation, fi7ing t!e price of rice, andto &a3e t!e sa"e of rice in vio"ation of t!eprice of rice, and to &a3e t!e sa"e of ricein vio"ation of t!e proc"a&ation a cri&e,is nconstit tiona" and void.

ALEGRE v. COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS

FACTS%

%etitioner is engaged in t!e prod ction ofabaca and its e7portation to foreign&ar3ets. e app"ied to t!e respondent

for a per&it to e7port one ! ndred $a"esof abaca to Eng"and, $ t #as denied. e#as advised $' t!e respondent t!at !e#o "d not $e per&itted to e7port t!eabaca in 2 estion #it!o t a certificatefro& t!e Bi$er Standardization 0oard.

So !e fi"ed a petition for a #rit of&anda& s, a""eging t!at t!e provisionsof t!e Ad&inistrative Code for t!egrading, inspection and certification offi$ers, in partic "ar, sections -++4 and-4 of t!at Code, are nconstit tiona"and void.

ISSUE%

W!et!er or not t!e a t!orit' vested int!e Bi$er Standardization 0oard is ade"egation of "egis"ative po#er.

HELD% N).

T!e Legis"at re !as enacted a "a# #!ic!provides for t!e inspection, grading and$a"ing of !e&p $efore t!e' can $ee7ported to ot!er co ntries and t!ecreation of a $oard for t!at p rpose,vesting it #it! t!e po#er and a t!orit' todo t!e act a" #or3.

S c! a t!orit' is not a de"egation of"egis"ative po#er and is not!ing &oret!an a de"egation of ad&inistrativepo#er in t!e Bi$er 0oard to carr' o t t!ep rpose and intent of t!e "a#. In t!e ver'nat re of t!ings, t!e Legis"at re co "dnot inspect, grade and $a"e t!e !e&p,and fro& necessit', t!e po#er to do t!at#o "d !ave to $e vested in a $oard orco&&ission.

T!e petitioner s contention #o "d "eavet!e "a#, #!ic! provides for t!einspection, grading and $a"ing of !e&p,#it!o t an' &eans of its enforce&ent. Ift!e "a# cannot $e enforced $' s c! a$oard or co&&ission, !o# and $' #!o&co "d it $e enforced9 T!e criticis& t!att!ere is partia"it' or even fra d in t!e

EH +, Pa ( +



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSad&inistration of t!e "a# is not anarg &ent against its constit tiona"it'.

%E)%LE v. VERA

Ca*a*a0 /$. W)**)a $GR +@66, 4 Dece&$er - 6F

Facts:

T!e Nationa" Traffic Co&&ission, in itsreso" tion of -+ * "' - 6, reso"ved toreco&&end to t!e Director of % $"icWor3s and to t!e Secretar' of % $"icWor3s and Co&& nications t!at ani&a">dra#n ve!ic"es $e pro!i$ited fro&passing a"ong Rosario Street e7tendingfro& %"aza Ca"deron de "a 0arca toDas&ari as Street, fro& +(56 a.&. to-4(56 p.&. and fro& -(56 p.&. to /(56p.&.? and a"ong Riza" Aven e e7tendingfro& t!e rai"road crossing at Antipo"oStreet to Ec!ag e Street, fro& + a.&. to-- p.&., fro& a period of one 'ear fro&t!e date of t!e opening of t!e Co"gante0ridge to traffic. T!e C!air&an of t!eNationa" Traffic Co&&ission, on -@ * "'- 6, reco&&ended to t!e Director of% $"ic Wor3s t!e adoption of t!e&eas re proposed in t!e reso" tion, inp rs ance of t!e provisions ofCo&&on#ea"t! Act / @, #!ic!a t!orizes said Director of % $"ic Wor3s,#it! t!e approva" of t!e Secretar' of% $"ic Wor3s and Co&& nications, topro& "gate r "es and reg "ations toreg "ate and contro" t!e se of and trafficon nationa" roads. )n 4 A g st - 6, t!eDirector of % $"ic Wor3s, in !is firstindorse&ent to t!e Secretar' of % $"icWor3s and Co&& nications,reco&&ended to t!e "atter t!e approva"of t!e reco&&endation &ade $' t!eC!air&an of t!e Nationa" TrafficCo&&ission, #it! t!e &odification t!att!e c"osing of Riza" Aven e to traffic toani&a">dra#n ve!ic"es $e "i&ited to t!eportion t!ereof e7tending fro& t!erai"road crossing at Antipo"o Street toAzcarraga Street. )n -6 A g st - 6,

t!e Secretar' of % $"ic Wor3s andCo&& nications, in !is secondindorse&ent addressed to t!e Director of% $"ic Wor3s, approved t!ereco&&endation of t!e "atter t!atRosario Street and Riza" Aven e $ec"osed to traffic of ani&a">dra#n ve!ic"es,$et#een t!e points and d ring t!e !o rsas indicated, for a period of - 'ear fro&t!e date of t!e opening of t!e Co"gante0ridge to traffic. T!e Ma'or of Mani"a andt!e Acting C!ief of %o"ice of Mani"a !aveenforced and ca sed to $e enforced t!er "es and reg "ations t! s adopted.Ma7i&o Ca"a"ang, in !is capacit' as aprivate citizen and as a ta7pa'er ofMani"a, $ro g!t $efore t!e S pre&eco rt t!e petition for a #rit of pro!i$itionagainst A. D. Wi""ia&s, as C!air&an oft!e Nationa" Traffic Co&&ission? VicenteBragante, as Director of % $"ic Wor3s?Sergio 0a'an, as Acting Secretar' of% $"ic Wor3s and Co&& nications?E "ogio Rodrig ez, as Ma'or of t!e Cit'of Mani"a? and * an Do&ing ez, as ActingC!ief of %o"ice of Mani"a

I$$4($%

W!et!er or not t!ere is a nd ede"egation of "egis"ative po#er9

R4*)0 %

T!ere is no nd e de"eagation of"egis"ative po#er. Co&&on#ea"t! Act/ @ does not confer "egis"ative po#ers tot!e Director of % $"ic Wor3s. T!ea t!orit' conferred pon t!e& and nder#!ic! t!e' pro& "gated t!e r "es andreg "ations no# co&p"ained of is not todeter&ine #!at p $"ic po"ic' de&ands$ t &ere"' to carr' o t t!e "egis"ativepo"ic' "aid do#n $' t!e Nationa"Asse&$"' in said Act, to #it, Hto pro&otesafe transit pon and avoid o$str ctionson, roads and streets designated asnationa" roads $' acts of t!e Nationa"Asse&$"' or $' e7ec tive orders of t!e%resident of t!e %!i"ippines and to c"oset!e& te&porari"' to an' or a"" c"asses of

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ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTStraffic H#!enever t!e condition of t!eroad or t!e traffic &a3es s c! actionnecessar' or advisa$"e in t!e p $"icconvenience and interest.

T!e de"egated po#er, if at a"", t!erefore,is not t!e deter&ination of #!at t!e "a#s!a"" $e, $ t &ere"' t!e ascertain&ent oft!e facts and circ &stances pon #!ic!t!e app"ication of said "a# is to $epredicated.

To pro& "gate r "es and reg "ations ont!e se of nationa" roads and todeter&ine #!en and !o# "ong a nationa"road s!o "d $e c"osed to traffic, in vie#of t!e condition of t!e road or t!e traffict!ereon and t!e re2 ire&ents of p $"icconvenience and interest, is anad&inistrative f nction #!ic! cannot $edirect"' disc!arged $' t!e Nationa"Asse&$"'.

It & st depend on t!e discretion of so&eot!er govern&ent officia" to #!o& isconfided t!e d t' of deter&ining #!et!ert!e proper occasion e7ists for e7ec tingt!e "a#. 0 t it cannot $e said t!at t!ee7ercise of s c! discretion is t!e &a3ingof t!e "a#.

CERVANTES /. AUDITOR GENERALG.R. No. L-+,+5! Ma7 26! 1"+2

T!is is a petition to revie# a decision ofA ditor Genera" den'ing petitionerJsc"ai& for 2 arters a""o#ance as &anagerof t!e Nationa" A$aca and ot!er Bi$ersCorp. ;NABC)<.

ISSUES

-. W!et!er or not E7ec tive )rder No.5 e7ercising contro" overGovern&ent )#ned and Contro""edCorporations ;G)CC< i&p"e&entednder R.A. No. /- is va"id or n ""and void.

4. W!et!er or not R.A. No. /-a t!orizing presidentia" contro"over G)CCs is Constit tiona".

FACTS

> %etitioner #as genera" &anager in- of NABC) #it! ann a" sa"ar'of %-/,666.66

> NABC) 0oard of Directors granted% 66K&o. arters a""o#ance topetitioner a&o nting to %-,:/6 for- .

> T!is a""o#ance #as disapproved $'t!e Centra" Co&&ittee of t!egovern&ent enterprise co nci"nder E7ec tive )rder No. 5 ponreco&&endation $' NABC) a ditorand conc rred in $' t!e A ditorgenera" on t#o gro nds

a< It vio"ates t!e c!arter ofNABC) "i&iting &anagerJssa"ar' to %-/,666K'ear.

$< NABC) is in precario sfinancia" condition.

DECISION

-. R.A. No. /- is constit tiona". It isnot i""ega" de"egation of "egis"ativepo#er to t!e e7ec tive as arg ed$' petitioner $ t a &andate for t!e%resident to strea&"ine G)CCJsoperation.

4. E7ec tive )rder 5 is va"id $eca seit #as pro& "gated #it!in t!e -'ear period given.

5. %etition for revie# DISMISSED #it!costs

%ANGASINAN TRANS. C). v. %10LICSERVICE C)ML)VINA v. M)REN)%ELAE v. A1DIT)R GENERAL

SEPARATION OF POWERS

Ma0)*a E*(c#r)c Co &a07 /. Pa$a7Tra0$&or#a#)o0 Co &a07! I0c.!

Fac#$%

EH +, Pa ( 6




T!e pre"i&inar' and $asic 2 estionpresented $' t!e petition of t!e Mani"aE"ectric Co&pan', re2 esting t!e&e&$ers of t!e S pre&e Co rt, sittingas a $oard of ar$itrators, to fi7 t!e ter&spon #!ic! certain transportationco&panies s!a"" $e per&itted to se t!e%asig $ridge of t!e Mani"a E"ectricCo&pan' and t!e co&pensation to $epaid to t!e Mani"a E"ectric Co&pan' $'s c! transportation co&panies, re"ates tot!e va"idit' of section -- of Act No. - :and to t!e "ega" rig!t of t!e &e&$ers oft!e S pre&e Co rt, sitting as a $oard ofar$itrators, to act on t!e petition. Act No.- : a$ove referred to is entit"ed. 8AnAct granting a franc!ise to C!ar"es M.S#ift to constr ct, &aintain, and operatean e"ectric rai"#a', and to constr ct,&aintain, and operate an e"ectric "ig!t,!eat, and po#er s'ste& fro& a point int!e Cit' of Mani"a in an easter"' directionto t!e to#n of %asig, in t!e %rovince ofRiza".8 )pposition #as entered to t!epetition $' a n &$er of p $"ic ti"it'operators.

I$$4(%

Va"idit' of SEC. -- of ACT No. - :9

H(*'%

T!e "a# ca""s for ar$itration #!ic!represents a &et!od of t!e parties o#nc!oice. A s $&ission to ar$itration is acontract. T!e parties to an ar$itrationagree&ent &a' not o st t!e co rts of

= risdiction of t!e &atters s $&itted toar$itration. T!ese are fa&i"iar r "es #!ic!find s pport in artic"es -@46 and -@4- oft!e Civi" Code.

We can a"so perceive a distinction$et#een a private contract fors $&ission to ar$itration andagree&ents to ar$itrate fa""ing #it!in t!eter&s of a stat te enacted for s c!p rpose and affecting ot!ers t!an t!eparties to a partic "ar franc!ise. ere,

!o#ever, #!atever e"se &a' $e said ine7ten ation, it re&ains tr e t!at t!edecision of t!e $oard of ar$itrators is&ade fina", #!ic! if "itera""' enforced#o "d "eave a p $"ic ti"it', not a part' tot!e contract a t!orized $' Act No. - :,#it!o t reco rse to t!e co rts for a

= dicia" deter&ination of t!e 2 estion indisp te. We r n co nter to t!is di"e&&a. Eit!ert!e &e&$ers of t!e S pre&e Co rt,sitting as a $oard of ar$itrators, e7ercise

= dicia" f nctions, or t!e &e&$ers of t!eS pre&e Co rt, sitting as $oard ofar$itrators, e7ercise ad&inistrativeor quasi = dicia" f nctions. T!e first case#o "d appear not to fa"" #it!in t!e

= risdiction granted t!e S pre&e Co rt.Even conceding t!at it does, it #o "dpres ppose t!e rig!t to $ring t!e &atterin disp te $efore t!e co rts, for an'ot!er constr ction #o "d tend to o st t!eco rts of = risdiction and render t!ea#ard a n ""it'. 0 t if t!is $e t!e properconstr ction, #e #o "d t!en !ave t!eano&a"' of a decision $' t!e &e&$ers oft!e S pre&e Co rt, sitting as a $oard ofar$itrators, ta3en t!erefro& to t!e co rtsand event a""' co&ing $efore t!eS pre&e Co rt, #!ere t!e S pre&eCo rt #o "d revie# t!e decision of its&e&$ers acting as ar$itrators. taT!epresent petition a"so f rnis!es an apti"" stration of anot!er ano&a"', for #efind t!e S pre&e Co rt as a co rt as3edto deter&ine if t!e &e&$ers of t!e co rt&a' $e constit ted a $oard ofar$itrators, #!ic! is not a co rt at a""."

T!e S pre&e Co rt of t!e %!i"ippineIs"ands represents one of t!e t!reedivisions of po#er in o r govern&ent. Itis = dicia" po#er and = dicia" po#er on"'#!ic! is e7ercised $' t!e S pre&e Co rt.

* st as t!e S pre&e Co rt, as t!eg ardian of constit tiona" rig!ts, s!o "dnot sanction s rpations $' an' ot!erdepart&ent of t!e govern&ent, so s!o "dit as strict"' confine its o#n sp!ere ofinf" ence to t!e po#ers e7press"' or $'

EH +, Pa ( 3



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSi&p"ication conferred on it $' t!e )rganicAct. T!e S pre&e Co rt and its &e&$erss!o "d not and cannot $e re2 ired toe7ercise an' po#er or to perfor& an'tr st or to ass &e an' d t' notpertaining to or connected #it! t!ead&inistering of = dicia" f nctions.

T!e )rganic Act provides t!at t!eS pre&e Co rt of t!e %!i"ippine Is"andss!a"" possess and e7ercise = risdiction as!eretofore provided and s c! additiona"

= risdiction as s!a"" !ereafter $eprescri$ed $' "a# ;sec. 4:<. W!en t!e)rganic Act spea3s of t!e e7ercise of8= risdiction8 $' t!e S pre&e Co rt, itco "d not on"' &ean t!e e7ercise of8= risdiction8 $' t!e S pre&e Co rtacting as a co rt, and co "d !ard"' &eant!e e7ercise of 8= risdiction8 $' t!e&e&$ers of t!e S pre&e Co rt, sittingas a $oard of ar$itrators. T!ere is ani&portant distinction $et#een t!eS pre&e Co rt as an entit' and t!e&e&$ers of t!e S pre&e Co rt. A 8oar'o9 ar8)#ra#or$ )$ 0o# a :co4r#: )0 a07&ro&(r $(0$( o9 # ( #(r ! a0'&o$$($$($ 0o0( o9 # ( ;4r)$')c#)o0< )c # ( Or a0)c Ac# co0#( &*a#($$ a** 8( (=(rc)$(' 87 # ( S4&r( (Co4r#. lawph a# Confir&ing t!e decision to t!e $asic2 estion at iss e, t!e S pre&e Co rt!o"ds t!at section -- of Act No. - :contravenes t!e &a7i&s #!ic! g ide t!eoperation of a de&ocratic govern&entconstit tiona""' esta$"is!ed, and t!at it#o "d $e i&proper and i""ega" for t!e&e&$ers of t!e S pre&e Co rt, sittingas a $oard of ar$itrators, t!e decision ofa &a=orit' of #!o& s!a"" $e fina", to acton t!e petition of t!e Mani"a E"ectricCo&pan'. As a res "t, t!e &e&$ers oft!e S pre&e Co rt dec"ine to proceedf rt!er in t!e &atter.

N)0LE*AS v. TEE AN EE

PA> M. GARCIA! /$. HON. CATALINOMACARAIG! ?R.!

Fac#$%

Ad&inistrative co&p"aint fi"ed $' one %azM. Garcia against t!e onora$"e Cata"inoMacaraig, *r., for&er"' * dge of t!e Co rtof Birst Instance of Lag na, 0ranc! VI.Respondent too3 !is oat! as * dge of t!eCo rt of Birst Instance of Lag na and San%a$"o Cit' on * ne 4 , - +6. T!e co rt#as a ne#"' created CBI $ranc! and it!ad to $e organized fro& scratc!. 1nderSection - 6 of t!e RevisedAd&inistrative Code, space for !isco rtroo&, ot!er ite&s and s pp"ies& st $e f rnis!ed $' t!e provincia"govern&ent. T!e provincia" officia"s ofLag na, !o#ever, infor&ed t!erespondent t!at t!e province #as not ina position to do so. Borces andcirc &stances $e'ond !is contro"prevented !i& fro& disc!arging !is

= dicia" d ties. W!en respondent rea"izedt!at it #o "d $e so&eti&e $efore !eco "d act a""' preside over !is co rt, !eapp"ied for an e7tended "eave. Secretar'of * stice, !o#ever, prevai"ed ponrespondent to forego !is "eave andinstead to assist !i&, #it!o t $einge7tended a for&a" detai", #!eneverrespondent #as not $ s' attending tot!e needs of !is co rt.

I$$4(%

W!et!er or not respondent s!o "d $ec!arged for dis!onest', vio"ation of !isoat! of office, gross inco&petence, andvio"ation of RA 4 : of t!e * diciar' Act of- @.

R4*)0 %

Co rt is convinced t!at t!e co&p"aint& st $e dis&issed . Co&p"ainant s t!eor'is t!at respondent co""ected or receivedsa"aries as = dge #!en in fact !e !asnever acted as s c!, since t!e date !etoo3 !is oat! p to t!e fi"ing of t!e

EH +, Pa ( @



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSco&p"aint. In t!e sense t!at respondent!as not 'et perfor&ed an' = dicia"f nction, it &a' $e ad&itted t!atrespondent !as not rea""' perfor&ed t!ed ties of = dge. W!at is "ost sig!t of,!o#ever, is t!at after ta3ing !is oat! andfor&a""' ass &ing t!is position as = dge,respondent !ad a perfect rig!t to earnt!e sa"ar' of a = dge even in t!e e7tre&es pposition t!at !e did not perfor& an'

= dicia" f nction . In t!is case,govern&ent officia"s or officers in d t'are $o nd to f rnis! !i& t!e necessar'p"ace and faci"ities for !is co rt and t!eperfor&ance of !is f nctions !ave fai"edto provide !i& t!ere#it! #it!o t an'fa "t on !is part.

Ad&itted"' respondent !as not preparedand s $&itted an' of t!e reports ofacco&p"is!&ents and stat s of cases in!is sa"a #!ic! are s a""' re2 ired of

= dges nder e7isting "a#s as #e"" as t!ecorresponding circ "ars of t!eDepart&ent of * stice for t!e reason t!ate !as not 'et started perfor&ing an'

= dicia" f nctions. None of t!ose "a#s andcirc "ars app"' to !i& for a"" of t!e&conte&p"ate = dges #!o are act a""'!o"ding tria"s and !earings and &a3ingdecisions and ot!ers. )n t!e ot!er !and,respondent co "d not $e $"a&ed forta3ing !is oat! as !e did, for !e !ad ava"id confir&ed appoint&ent in !is favor.

T!e "ine $et#een #!at a = dge &a' doand #!at !e &a' not do in co""a$oratingor #or3ing #it! ot!er offices or officersnder t!e ot!er great depart&ents of t!egovern&ent & st a"#a's $e 3ept c"earand =ea"o s"' o$served, "east t!eprincip"e of separation of po#ers on#!ic! o r govern&ent rests $' &andateof t!e peop"e t!r t!e Constit tion $egrad a""' eroded. It is of gravei&portance to t!e = diciar' nder o rpresent constit tiona" sc!e&e ofgovern&ent t!at no = dge or even t!e"o#est co rt in t!is Rep $"ic s!o "d p"ace!i&se"f in a position #!ere !is act ationson &atters s $&itted to !i& for action or

reso" tion #o "d $e s $=ect to revie# andprior approva" and, #orst sti"", reversa",$efore t!e' can !ave "ega" effect, $' an'a t!orit' ot!er t!an t!e Co rt of Appea"sor t!is S pre&e Co rt, as t!e case &a'$e. Need"ess to sa', t!is Co rt fee"s ver'strong"' t!at, it is $est t!at t!is practiceis discontin ed.

Macar)o*a /. A$40c)o0A.M. No. -55>* Ma' 5-, - @4

FACTS%

A co&p"aint for partition #as fi"ed $'p"aintiffs in Civi" Case No. 56-6 in CBIagainst 0ernardita R. Macario"aconcerning t!e properties "eft $' t!edeceased Brancisco Re'es, t!eir co&&onfat!er. A decision #as rendered $'respondent * dge As ncion in said civi"case a#arding t!eir s!are on t!eproperties to $ot! t!e p"aintiffs andMacario"a

T!e decision $eca&e and s $se2 ent"',a pro=ect of partition #as s $&itted to

* dge As ncion #!ic! #as approved $'t!e "atter not#it!standing t!e fact t!att!e pro=ect of partition #as not signed $'t!e parties t!e&se"ves $ t on"' $' t!erespective co nse" of p"aintiffs anddefendant. o#ever, $ot! co nse"s oft!e respective parties ass red t!at t!e%ro=ect of %artition, !ad $een &ade aftera conference and agree&ent of t!ep"aintiffs in Civi" Case No. 56-6 andMacario"a approving t!e %ro=ect of%artition, and t!at $ot! "a#'ers !ad

represented to t!e co rt t!at t!e' aregiven f "" a t!orit' to sign $' t!e&se"vest!e %ro=ect of %artition.

)ne of t!e properties &entioned in t!epro=ect of partition #as Lot --@ orrat!er one>!a"f t!ereof #!ic! accordingto t!e decision #as t!e e7c" sivepropert' of t!e deceased BranciscoRe'es, #as ad= dicated in said pro=ect ofpartition to t!e p"aintiffs L z, Anacorita

EH +, Pa ( "



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSR perto, Ade"a, and %risci""a a"" s rna&edRe'es in e2 a" s!ares, and #!en t!epro=ect of partition #as approved $' t!etria" co rt, t!e ad= dicatees ca sed Lot--@ to $e s $divided into five "otsdeno&inated as Lot --@ >A to --@ >Einc" sive.

Lot --@ >D #as conve'ed to Enri2 eta D.Anota, a stenograp!er in * dgeAs ncion s co rt, #!i"e Lot --@ >E #asso"d to Dr. Arcadio Ga"apon #!o #asiss ed transfer certificate of tit"e No.455@. T!ereafter, Dr. Arcadio Ga"aponand !is #ife so"d a portion of Lot --@ >Eto * dge As ncion and !is #ife, VictoriaS. As ncion, #!ic! partic "ar portion #asdec"ared $' t!e "atter for ta7ationp rposes.

Spo ses As ncion and spo ses Ga"apont!en conve'ed t!eir respective s!aresand interest in Lot --@ >E to 8T!e

Traders Man fact ring and Bis!ingInd stries Inc. At t!e ti&e of said sa"e t!estoc3!o"ders of t!e corporation #ereDo&inador Arigpa Tan, &i"ia *a"andoni

Tan, *ai&e Arigpa Tan, * dge As ncion,and t!e "atter s #ife, Victoria S. As ncion,#it! * dge As ncion as t!e %resident andMrs. As ncion as t!e secretar'.

Co&p"ainant 0ernardita R. Macario"a fi"edt!e instant co&p"aint a""eging fo rca ses of action(

• t!at respondent * dge As ncionvio"ated Artic"e - -, paragrap! /,of t!e Ne# Civi" Code in ac2 iring$' p rc!ase a portion of Lot No.--@ >E #!ic! #as one of t!oseproperties invo"ved in Civi" CaseNo. 56-6 decided $' !i&

• t!at !e "i3e#ise vio"ated Artic"e - ,paragrap!s I and / of t!e Code ofCo&&erce, Section 5, paragrap! ,of R.A. 56- , ot!er#ise 3no#n ast!e Anti>Graft and Corr pt%ractices Act, Section -4, R "e OVIIIof t!e Civi" Service R "es, andCanon 4/ of t!e Canons of * dicia"

Et!ics, $' associating !i&se"f #it!t!e Traders Man fact ring andBis!ing Ind stries, Inc., as astoc3!o"der and a ran3ing officer#!i"e !e #as a = dge of t!e Co rtof Birst Instance of Le'te?

• t!at respondent #as g i"t' ofcodd"ing an i&postor and acted indisregard of = dicia" decor & $'c"ose"' fraternizing #it! a certainDo&inador Arigpa Tan #!o open"'and p $"ic"' advertised !i&se"f asa practising attorne' #!en in tr t!and in fact !is na&e does notappear in t!e Ro""s of Attorne'sand is not a &e&$er of t!e%!i"ippine 0ar? and

• t!at t!ere #as a c "pa$"e defianceof t!e "a# and tter disregard foret!ics $' respondent * dge.

T!e case #as referred to * stice Ceci"iaM oz %a"&a of t!e Co rt of Appea"s, forinvestigation, report andreco&&endation. After !earing, t!e saidInvestigating * stice s $&itted !er reportreco&&ending t!at respondent * dges!o "d $e repri&anded or #arned inconnection #it! t!e first ca se of actiona""eged in t!e co&p"aint, and for t!esecond ca se of action, respondents!o "d $e #arned in case of a findingt!at !e is pro!i$ited nder t!e "a# toengage in $ siness. )n t!e t!ird andfo rt! ca ses of action, * stice %a"&areco&&ended t!at respondent * dge $ee7onerated.

Co&p"ainant !erein t!en instit ted anaction $efore t!e Co rt of Birst #!ic! #asdoc3eted as Civi" Case No. 45 , see3ingt!e ann "&ent of t!e pro=ect of partition&ade p rs ant to t!e decision in Civi"Case No. 56-6 and t!e t#o orders iss ed$' respondent * dge approving t!esa&e, as #e"" as t!e partition of t!eestate and t!e s $se2 ent conve'ances#it! da&ages. T!e action #as dis&issed.ence, t!is petition

EH +, Pa ( 1,




RULING%

T E RES%)NDENT ASS)CIATE *1STICE)B T E C)1RT )B A%%EALS IS ERE0PREMINDED T) 0E M)RE DISCREET IN IS%RIVATE AND 01SINESS ACTIVITIES.-. T!ere is no &erit in t!e contention of

co&p"ainant 0ernardita R. Macario"a,nder !er first ca se of action, t!at

respondent * dge E"ias 0. As ncionvio"ated Artic"e - -, paragrap! /, oft!e Ne# Civi" Code in ac2 iring $'p rc!ase a portion of Lot No. --@ >E#!ic! #as one of t!ose propertiesinvo"ved in Civi" Case No. 56-6.

• In t!e aforesaid Artic"e app"ies on"'to t!e sa"e or assign&ent of t!epropert' #!ic! is t!e s $=ect of"itigation to t!e personsdis2 a"ified t!erein. Bor t!epro!i$ition to operate, t!e sa"e orassign&ent of t!e propert' & stta3e p"ace d ring t!e pendenc' oft!e "itigation invo"ving t!epropert'.

o respondent = dge p rc!ased aportion of Lot --@ >E, t!edecision in Civi" Case No. 56-6#!ic! !e rendered on * ne @,- :5 #as a"read' fina", not in"itigation an'&ore.

o B rt!er&ore, respondent = dgedid not $ ' t!e "ot in direct"'fro& t!e p"aintiffs in Civi" CaseNo. 56-6 $ t fro& Dr. ArcadioGa"apon #!o ear"ier p rc!ased

Lot --@ >E fro& t!e p"aintiffs.o Civi" Case No. 45 is of no

&o&ent. It can no "onger a"ter,c!ange or affect t!e aforesaidfacts t!at t!e 2 estioned sa"e torespondent * dge, no# Co rt ofAppea"s * stice, #as effectedand cons &&ated "ong after t!e

fina"it' of t!e aforesaid decisionor orders.

• Macario"a contended t!at t!e sa"eof Lot --@ >E to Dr. ArcadioGa"apon $' %risci""a Re'es, Ade"aRe'es and L z R. 0a3 na#a #ason"' a &ere sc!e&e to concea" t!ei""ega" and net!ica" transfer ofsaid "ot to respondent * dge as aconsideration for t!e approva" oft!e pro=ect of partition.

o no evidence s!o#ing t!at Dr.Arcadio Ga"apon acted as a&ere 8d &&'8 of respondent inac2 iring Lot --@ >E fro& t!eRe'eses.

• Macario"a contended t!atrespondent * dge acted i""ega""' inapproving t!e pro=ect of partitiona"t!o g! it #as not signed $' t!eparties.

o Respondent s!o "d !avere2 ired t!e signat re of t!eparties &ore partic "ar"' t!at ofMrs. Macario"a on t!e pro=ect of

partition s $&itted to !i& forapprova"? !o#ever, #!atevererror #as co&&itted $'respondent in t!at respect #asdone in good fait! as accordingto * dge As ncion !e #asass red $' Att'. 0onifacioRa&o, t!e co nse" of record ofMrs. Macario"a, T!at !e #asa t!orized $' !is c"ient tos $&it said pro=ect of partition.

W!i"e it is tr e t!at s c! #rittena t!orit' if t!ere #as an', #asnot presented $' respondent inevidence, nor did Att'. Ra&oappear to corro$orate t!estate&ent of respondent, !isaffidavit $eing t!e on"' one t!at#as presented, certainact ations of Mrs. Macario"a"ead t!is investigator to $e"ieve

EH +, Pa ( 11



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTS%!i"ippines, Artic"e - of t!isCode of Co&&erce & st $edee&ed to !ave $een a$rogated$eca se #!ere t!ere is c!angeof sovereignt', t!e po"itica" "a#sof t!e for&er sovereign,#!et!er co&pati$"e or not #it!t!ose of t!e ne# sovereign, area to&atica""' a$rogated, n"esst!e' are e7press"' re>enacted$' affir&ative act of t!e ne#sovereign.

o No ena$"ing or affir&ative actt!at contin ed t!e effectivit' oft!e aforestated provision of t!eCode of Co&&erce after t!ec!ange of sovereignt' fro&Spain to t!e 1nited States andt!en to t!e Rep $"ic of t!e%!i"ippines. Conse2 ent"',Artic"e - of t!e Code ofCo&&erce !as no "ega" and$inding effect and cannot app"'to t!e respondent.

Respondent * dge didnJt vio"atedparagrap! , Section 5 of Rep $"ic ActNo. 56- , ot!er#ise 3no#n as t!eAnti>Graft and Corr pt %ractices Act.

• No s!o#ing t!at respondentparticipated or intervened in !isofficia" capacit' in t!e $ siness ortransactions of t!e TradersMan fact ring and Bis!ingInd stries, Inc. T!e $ siness of t!ecorporation in #!ic! respondentparticipated !as o$vio s"' nore"ation or connection #it! !is

= dicia" office• No provision in $ot! t!e - 5/ and

- +5 Constit tions of t!e%!i"ippines, nor is t!ere an e7isting"a# e7press"' pro!i$iting &e&$ersof t!e * diciar' fro& engaging or!aving interest in an' "a#f "$ siness.

We !o"d t!at t!e Civi" Service Act of- / ;R.A. No. 44:6< and t!e Civi"Service R "es pro& "gatedt!ere nder, partic "ar"' Section -4 ofR "e OVIII, do not app"' to t!e&e&$ers of t!e * diciar'.

• 1nder Section :+ * diciar' Act of- @, t!e po#er to re&ove ordis&iss = dges #as t!en vested int!e %resident of t!e %!i"ippines, notin t!e Co&&issioner of Civi"Service, and on"' on t#o gro nds,na&e"', serio s &iscond ct andinefficienc', and pon t!ereco&&endation of t!e S pre&eCo rt, #!ic! a"one is a t!orized,pon its o#n &otion, or poninfor&ation of t!e Secretar' ;no#Minister< of * stice to cond ct t!ecorresponding investigation.C"ear"', t!e aforesaid sectiondefines t!e gro nds and prescri$est!e specia" proced re for t!ediscip"ine of = dges.

And nder Sections /, : and +,Artic"e O of t!e - +5 Constit tion,on"' t!e S pre&e Co rt candiscip"ine = dges of inferior co rtsas #e"" as ot!er personne" of t!e

* diciar'.

5. T!e 5 rd and t! ca ses of action arenot re"ated to t!e s $=ect.

IN RE( R)D1LB) MAN AN)

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OFADMINISTRATIVE BODIESA. RULE-MA ING POWER

PHILIPPINE LAWYERS VS AGRAVAG. R. No. L-12+26 F(8r4ar7 16! 1" "

T!is is t!e petition fi"ed $' t!e %!i"ippineLa#'erJs Association for pro!i$ition andin= nction against Ce"edonio Agrava, in

EH +, Pa ( 15



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTS!is capacit' as Director of t!e %!i"ippines%atent )ffice.

Fac#$% )n Ma' 4+, - /+, respondent Agravaiss ed a circ "ar anno ncing t!at !e !adsc!ed "ed for * ne 4+, - /+ ane7a&ination for t!e p rpose ofdeter&ining #!o are 2 a"ified to practiceas patent attorne's $efore t!e%!i"ippines %atent )ffice, t!e saide7a&ination to cover patent "a# and

= rispr dence and t!e r "es of practice$efore said office. According to t!ecirc "ar, &e&$ers of t!e %!i"ippine 0ar,engineers and ot!er persons #it!s fficient scientific and tec!nica" trainingare 2 a"ified to ta3e t!e saide7a&ination. It #o "d appear t!at!eretofore, respondent Director !as $een!o"ding si&i"ar e7a&inations. %etitioner contends t!at an'one !aspassed t!e $ar e7a&s and is "icensed $'t!e S pre&e Co rt to practice "a#, !asgood standing, t! s d "' 2 a"ified topractice $efore t!e %atent )ffice, andt!erefore t!e act of re2 iring &e&$ers oft!e 0ar in good standing to ta3e andpass an e7a&ination given $' t!e %atent)ffice as a condition precedent to $ea""o#ed to practice $efore said office is ac"ear e7cess of !is = risdiction andvio"ation of t!e "a#. )n t!e ot!er !and, respondent c"ai&edt!at !e is e7press"' a t!orized $' t!e"a# to re2 ire persons desiring topractice or to do $ siness $efore !i& tos $&it an e7a&ination, even if t!e' area"read' &e&$ers of t!e $ar. e contendst!at o r %atent La#, Rep $"ic Act No.-:/, is patterned after t!e 1nited States%atent La#? and of t!e 1nited States%atent )ffice in %atent Cases prescri$esan e7a&ination si&i"ar to t!at #!ic! !e!ad prescri$ed and sc!ed "ed. ;a< Attorne' at "a#. Q An' attorne' at"a# in good standing ad&itted to practice$efore an' 1nited States Co rt or t!e

!ig!est co rt of an' State or Territor' oft!e 1nited States #!o f "fi""s t!ere2 ire&ents and co&p"ied #it! t!eprovisions of t!ese r "es &a' $ead&itted to practice $efore t!e %atent)ffice and !ave !is na&e entered on t!eregister of attorne's. ;c< Re2 ire&ent for registration. Q Noperson #i"" $e ad&itted to practice andregister n"ess !e s!a"" app"' to t!eCo&&issioner of %atents in #riting on aprescri$ed for& s pp"ied $' t!eCo&&issioner and f rnis! a"" re2 estedinfor&ation and &ateria"? and s!a""esta$"is! to t!e satisfaction of t!eCo&&issioner t!at !e is of good &ora"c!aracter and of good rep te 7 7 7 Inorder t!at t!e Co&&issioner &a'deter&ine #!et!er a person 7 7 7 !ast!e 2 a"ifications specified, satisfactor'proof of good &ora" c!aracter andrep te, 7 7 7 an e7a&ination #!ic! is!e"d fro& ti&e to ti&e & st $e ta3enand passed. T!e Respondent states t!att!e pro& "gation of t!e R "es of %racticeof t!e 1nited States %atent )ffice in%atent Cases is a t!orized $' t!e 1nitedStates %atent La# itse"f #!ic! provides(

T!e Co&&issioner of %atents, s $=ect tot!e approva" of t!e Secretar' ofCo&&erce &a' prescri$e r "es andreg "ations governing t!e recognition ofagents, attorne's, or ot!er personsrepresenting app"icants or ot!er parties$efore !is office, and &a' re2 ire of s c!persons, agents, or attorne's, $efore$eing recognized as representatives ofapp"icants or ot!er persons, t!at t!e's!a"" s!o# t!e' are of good &ora"c!aracter and in good rep te, arepossessed of t!e necessar' 2 a"ificationsto ena$"e t!e& to render to app"icants orot!er persons va" a$"e service, and are"i3e#ise to co&petent to advise andassist app"icants or ot!er persons in t!epresentation or prosec tion of t!eirapp"ications or ot!er $ siness $efore t!e)ffice. 7 7 7 Respondent Director conc" des t!atSection +@ of Rep $"ic Act No. -:/ $eing

EH +, Pa ( 1+



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSsi&i"ar to t!e provisions of "a# = streprod ced, t!en !e is a t!orized toprescri$e t!e r "es and reg "ationsre2 iring t!at persons desiring topractice $efore !i& s!o "d s $&it to andpass an e7a&ination. We reprod ce saidSection +@, Rep $"ic Act No. -:/, forp rposes of co&parison(SEC. +@. R "es and reg "ations. Q T!eDirector s $=ect to t!e approva" of t!eSecretar' of * stice, s!a"" pro& "gate t!enecessar' r "es and reg "ations, notinconsistent #it! "a#, for t!e cond ct ofa"" $ siness in t!e %atent )ffice.

I$$4( $%

W ET ER )R N)T MEM0ERS )B T E0AR S )1LD BIRST TA E AND %ASS ANEOAMINATI)N GIVEN 0P T E %ATENT)BBICE 0EB)RE E C)1LD 0E ALL)WED

T) %RACTICE LAW IS T E SAID )BBICE.#!et!er or not appearance $efore t!epatent )ffice and t!e preparation andt!e prosec tion of patent app"ications,etc., constit te or is inc" ded in t!epractice of "a#.

W ET ER )R N)T DIRECT)R )B T E%ATENT )BBICE IS A1T )RI ED T)C)ND1CT AN EOAMINATI)N B)R %ATENTATT)RNEPS IS C)NTRARP T) LAW.

D(c)$)o0%

T!e petition for pro!i$ition is granted andt!e respondent Director is !ere$'pro!i$ited fro& re2 iring &e&$ers of t!e%!i"ippine 0ar to s $&it to ane7a&ination or tests and pass t!e sa&e$efore $eing per&itted to appear andpractice $efore t!e %atent )ffice.

Ratio Decidendi( T!e S pre&e Co rt !as t!e e7c" siveand constit tiona" po#er #it! respect toad&ission to t!e practice of "a# in t!e%!i"ippines- and to an' &e&$er of t!e%!i"ippine 0ar in good standing &a'practice "a# an'#!ere and $efore an'

entit', #!et!er = dicia" or 2 asi>= dicia"or ad&inistrative, in t!e %!i"ippines.

T!e practice of "a# is not "i&ited to t!econd ct of cases or "itigation in co rt? ite&$races t!e preparation of p"eadingsand ot!er papers incident to actions andsocia" proceedings, t!e &anage&ent ofs c! actions and proceedings on $e!a"fof c"ients $efore = dges and co rts, andin addition, conve'ing. In genera", a""advice to c"ients, and a"" action ta3en fort!e& in &atters connected #it! t!e "a#corporation services, assess&ent andconde&nation services conte&p"ating anappearance $efore a = dicia" $od', t!eforec"os re of a &ortgage, enforce&entof a creditorJs c"ai& in $an3r ptc' andinso"venc' proceedings, and cond ctingproceedings in attac!&ent, and in&atters of estate and g ardians!ip !ave$een !e"d to constit te "a# practice asdo t!e preparation and drafting of "ega"instr &ents, #!ere t!e #or3 doneinvo"ves t!e deter&ination $' t!e trained"ega" &ind of t!e "ega" effect of facts andconditions. ;/ A&. * r. p. 4:4, 4:5<.;E&p!asis s pp"ied<.

%ractice of "a# nder &odern conditionsconsists in no s&a"" part of #or3perfor&ed o tside of an' co rt and!aving no i&&ediate re"ation toproceedings in co rt. It e&$racesconve'ancing, t!e giving of "ega" adviceon a "arge variet' of s $=ects, and t!epreparation and e7ec tion of "ega"instr &ents covering an e7tensive fie"dof $ siness and tr st re"ations and ot!eraffairs. A"t!o g! t!ese transactions &a'!ave no direct connection #it! co rtproceedings, t!e' are a"#a's s $=ect to$eco&e invo"ved in "itigation. T!e're2 ire in &an' aspects a !ig! degree of"ega" s3i"", a #ide e7perience #it! &enand affairs, and great capacit' foradaptation to diffic "t and co&p"e7sit ations. T!ese c sto&ar' f nctions ofan attorne' or co nse"or at "a# $ear aninti&ate re"ation to t!e ad&inistration of

= stice $' t!e co rts. No va"id distinction,

EH +, Pa ( 1



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSso far as concerns t!e 2 estion set fort!in t!e order, can $e dra#n $et#een t!atpart #!ic! invo"ves advice and draftingof instr &ents in !is office. It is ofi&portance to t!e #e"fare of t!e p $"ict!at t!ese &anifo"d c sto&ar' f nctions$e perfor&ed $' persons possessed ofade2 ate "earning and s3i"", of so nd&ora" c!aracter, and acting at a"" ti&esnder t!e !eav' tr st o$"igations to

c"ients #!ic! rests pon a"" attorne's.;Moran, Co&&ents on t!e R "es of Co rt,Vo". 5 ;- /5 ed.<, p. ::/>:::, citing In re)pinion of t!e * stices ;Mass.<, - N.E.5-5, 2 oted in R!ode Is. 0ar Assoc. vs.A to&o$i"e Service Assoc. ;R. I. < -+ A.-5 , - <. ;E&p!asis o rs<.

T!e practice of "a# inc" des s c!appearance $efore t!e %atent )ffice, t!erepresentation of app"icants, oppositors,and ot!er persons, and t!e prosec tionof t!eir app"ications for patent, t!eiroppositions t!ereto, or t!e enforce&entof t!eir rig!ts in patent cases.

In conc" sion, #e !o"d t!at nder t!epresent "a#, &e&$ers of t!e %!i"ippine0ar a t!orized $' t!is Tri$ na" topractice "a#, and in good standing, &a'practice t!eir profession $efore t!e%atent )ffice, for t!e reason t!at & c! oft!e $ siness in said office invo"ves t!einterpretation and deter&ination of t!escope and app"ication of t!e %atent La#and ot!er "a#s app"ica$"e, as #e"" as t!epresentation of evidence to esta$"is!facts invo"ved? t!at part of t!e f nctionsof t!e %atent director are = dicia" or2 asi>= dicia", so & c! so t!at appea"sfro& !is orders and decisions are, ndert!e "a#, ta3en to t!e S pre&e Co rt.

FRANCISCO PASCUAL v THECOMMISSIONER OF CUSTOMS

G.R. No. L-1,"3" ?40( 5,!1" "

FACTS%

T!ere are t#o cases ;Seiz reIdentification Nos. -@ and - 6< #!ic!#ere $ro g!t on appea" to t!e S pre&eCo rt fro& t!e decisions of t!erespondent Co&&issioner of c sto&s,affir&ing t!e decisions of t!e ActingCo""ector of C sto&s for t!e %ort ofMani"a #!ic! decreed t!e forfeit re oft#o s!ip&ents fro& ong ong toMani"a, one #it! 4 and t!e ot!er #it! 4+pac3ages of foreign &ade candies, fori""ega" vio"ations of Centra" 0an3 Circ "arsNos. and / in re"ation to section-5:5 ;f< of t!e Revised Ad&inistrativeCode ;forfeit re of pro!i$ited&erc!andise< #!ic! re2 ires a "icensefro& t!e Monetar' 0oard or re"easecertificates to $e a$"e to receive goodsfro& an' foreign co ntr'.

Appellant’s Contentions:

1. T !e i&ported goods do not invo"vedo""ar re&ittances or t!e sa"e of foreigne7c!ange ;as #as conte&p"ated incirc "ar < and t!at Congress !as nota t!orized t!e Centra" 0an3 to iss ereg "ations governing i&ports t!at do notre2 ire t!e sa"e of foreign e7c!ange,$eca se according to !i&, it #o "d not!ave enacted into "a# Rep $"ic Act No.- -6.

2. Circ "ars Nos. and / #erepro& "gated $' t!e Monetar' 0oard#it!o t t!e conc rrence of at "east five&e&$ers and #it!o t t!e approva" of t!e%resident

ISSUE%

W!et!er or not t!e si7t'>nine ;: <pac3ages of candies in 2 estion ares $=ect to forfeit re for vio"ation ofCentra" 0an3 Circ "ars Nos. and / inre"ation to section -5:5 ;f< of t!e RevisedAd&inistrative Code ;forfeit re of&erc!andise pro!i$ited $' "a#<.

HELD%

EH +, Pa ( 16



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTS T!e decision of t!e Co&&issioner ofC sto&s decreeing t!e forfeit re of t!ecandies is ABBIRMED. T!e i&portations,ass &ed to invo"ve t!e sa"e of foreigne7c!ange, #ere in vio"ation of circ "ars

and / for fai" re to o$tain t!ecorresponding do""ar a""ocation or foreigne7c!ange "icense fro& t!e Centra" 0an3as re2 ired $' Circ "ar No. of said$an3.• S(c#)o0 3+! R(&48*)c Ac# No. 26

a4# or) (' # ( Mo0(#ar7 Boar' ,#it! t!e approva" of t!e %resident, tote&porari"' s spend or restrict sa"esof e7c!ange and to s $=ect a""transactions in go"d and foreigne7c!ange to "icense d ring ane7c!ange crisis in order to protect t!einternationa" reserve and to give t!eMonetar' 0oard and t!e Govern&entti&e in to ta3e constr ctive &eas resto co&$at s c! a crisis. Circ "ar No., pro!i$iting t!e re"ease $' t!e

Co&&issioner of C sto&s of an' ite&of i&port #it!o t t!e presentation ofa re"ease certificate iss ed $' t!eCentra" 0an3 or an' a t!orized agent$an3 in a for& prescri$ed $' t!eMonetar' 0oard, and Circ "ar No. /,re2 iring 8an' person or entit' #!ointends to i&port or receive goodsfro& an' foreign co ntr' for #!ic! noforeign e7c!ange is re2 ired or #i"" $ere2 ired of t!e $an3s, to app"' for a"icense fro& t!e Monetar' 0oard toa t!orize s c! i&port,8 are &eas resta3en to c!ec3 t!e nreg "ated f"o# offoreign e7c!ange fro& t!e co ntr'and are #it!in t!e po#ers of t!eMonetar' 0oard.

Contention Number 1 ( T!e contentiont!at T!e Monetar' 0oard #as nota t!orized $' congress ass &es t!at t!ei&portations do not re2 ire t!e sa"e offoreign e7c!ange, a fact #!ic! appe""antBrancisco %asc a" fai"ed to esta$"is!. It isa recognized genera" &ercanti"e practicet!at i&portations invo"ve t!e sa"e offoreign e7c!ange. T!is $eing so,i&portations t!at do not invo"ve t!e sa"e

of foreign e7c!ange & st $e s!o#n orproved. In defa "t of s c! s!o#ing orproof as in fact t!e petitioner fai"ed toprove in t!e instant case, it #o "d $esafe to ass &e t!at t!e i&portations in2 estion invo"ve t!e sa"e of foreigne7c!ange #!ic! is covered $' Circ "arNo. of said $an3 ;#!ic! are &eas resta3en to c!ec3 t!e nreg "ated f"o# offoreign e7c!ange, t!e a t!orit' of #!ic!#as conferred to t!e Monetar' 0oard $'Congress $' virt e of Section + , R.A.4:/ ;see a$ove<.

Contention Number 2: . is nots pported $' evidence. Circ "ar Nos. and / !ave $een p $"is!ed in t!e)fficia" Gazette. As s c!, pres &ptiont!at an officia" d t' !as $een reg "ar"'perfor&ed, t!e ordinar' co rse of$ siness fo""o#ed, and t!e "a# co&p"ied#it!.

DOMINGO B. TEO ON vs. MEMBERSOF THE BOARD OF

ADMINISTRATORS! PHILIPPINEVETERANS ADMINISTRATION

FACTS%

T!e petitioner s stained p!'sica" in= riesin "ine of d t' as a for&er &e&$er of arecognized g eri""a organization #!ic!participated active"' in t!e resistance&ove&ent against t!e ene&', and as ares "t of #!ic! petitioner s ffered aper&anent, p!'sica" disa$i"it'. Bor!aving $een per&anent"' incapacitatedfro& #or3, !e fi"ed !is c"ai& for disa$"i"it'pension #it! t!e %!i"ippine VeteransAd&inistration nder t!e Veterans 0i"" ofRig!ts, Rep $"ic Act No. :/. o#ever,respondents in t rn #o "d "i&it t!ea&o nt of pension received $' !i& inaccordance #it! t!e r "es andreg "ations pro& "gated $' t!e&.

%etitioner fi"ed !is s it for &anda& s$efore t!e CBI of Mani"a a""eging t!at !efi"ed !is c"ai& for disa$i"it' pension nder

EH +, Pa ( 13



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSt!e Veterans 0i"" of Rig!ts, Rep $"ic ActNo. :/, for !aving $een per&anent"'incapacitated fro& #or3 and t!at !e #asfirst a#arded on"' %4/.66 &ont!"',t!ereafter increased to %/6.66 a &ont!contrar' to t!e ter&s of t!e $asic "a# ast!ereafter a&ended. 5 is c"ai&,t!erefore, #as for a pension effectiveMa' -6, - // at t!e rate of %/6.66 a&ont! p to * ne 4-, - /+ and at t!erate of %-66.66 a &ont!, p" s %-6.66 a&ont!, for eac! of !is n&arried &inorc!i"dren $e"o# -@ 'ears of age fro& * ne44, - /+ p to * ne 56, - :5? and t!edifference of %/6.66 a &ont!, p" s%-6.66 a &ont! for eac! of !is fo rn&arried &inor c!i"dren $e"o# -@ 'earsof age fro& * "' -, - :5. e #o "d"i3e#ise see3 for t!e pa'&ent of &ora"and e7e&p"ar' da&ages as #e"" asattorne' s fees.

Respondent, #!i"e ad&itting, #it!2 a"ification, t!e facts as a""eged in t!epetition, #o "d re"' pri&ari"' in its specia"and affir&ative defenses, on petitionernot !aving e7!a sted its ad&inistrativere&edies and !is s it $eing in effect oneagainst t!e govern&ent, #!ic! cannotprosper #it!o t its consent.

T!e CBI fo nd for respondents. encet!is petition.

ISSUE%

W.).N. r "es and reg "ationspro& "gated $' ad&inistrative agenciescan prevai" over a stat e.

HELD%

%etition is affir&ed. CBI is reversed.

T!e Co rt cited t!e case of 0egosa v.C!air&an, %!i"ippine VeteransAd&inistration, pro& "gated = st a&ont! $efore t!e case at $ar, #!ere itcategorica""' !e"d t!at a veterans ffering fro& per&anent disa$i"it' is notto $e denied #!at !as $een granted !i&

specifica""' $' "egis"ative enact&ent,#!ic! certain"' is s perior to an'reg "ation t!at &a' $e pro& "gated $'t!e %!i"ippine Veterans Ad&inistration,pres &a$"' in t!e i&p"e&entationt!ereof.

It added t!at t!e decision of t!e CBI#!ere it !e"d t!at Ht!e respondent 0oard!as a t!orit' nder t!e %ension "a# toprocess app"ications for pension, sing asg ide t!e r "es and reg "ations t!at itadopted nder t!e "a# and t!eirdecisions, n"ess s!o#n c"ear"' to $e inerror or against t!e "a# or against t!egenera" po"ic' of t!e 0oard, s!o "d $e&aintained8 is c"ear"' erroneo s.

T!e Co rt a"so cited 1nited States v. T pasi Mo"ina, #!ic! !e"d t!at 8)f co rset!e reg "ations adopted nder "egis"ativea t!orit' $' a partic "ar depart&ent& st $e in !ar&on' #it! t!e provisionsof t!e "a#, and for t!e so"e p rpose ofcarr'ing into effect its genera" provisions.0' s c! reg "ations, of co rse, t!e "a#itse"f cannot $e e7tended. So "ong,!o#ever, as t!e reg "ations re"ate so"e"'to carr'ing into effect t!e provisions oft!e "a#, t!e' are va"id.8 As #e"" as itsr "ing in %eop"e v. Santos, #!erein it !e"dt!at an ad&inistrative order $etra'sinconsistenc' or rep gnanc' to t!eprovisions of t!e Act, 8t!e &andate oft!e Act & st prevai" and & st $efo""o#ed.8

Bina""', t!e Co rt said t!ere & st $estrict co&p"iance #it! t!e "egis"ativeenact&ent. Its ter&s & st $e fo""o#ed.

T!e stat te re2 ires ad!erence to, notdepart re fro&, its provisions. Nodeviation is a""o#a$"e. In t!e terse"ang age of t!e present C!ief * stice, anad&inistrative agenc' 8cannot a&end anact of Congress.8 Respondents can $es stained, t!erefore, on"' if it co "d $es!o#n t!at t!e r "es and reg "ationspro& "gated $' t!e& #ere inaccordance #it! #!at t!e Veterans 0i""of Rig!ts provides.

EH +, Pa ( 1@




B(0)#o Ma04(* /$. G(0(ra* A4')#)0O99)c(

G.R. No. L-2@" 2 D(c( 8(r 2"! 1"31

FACTS%

%etitioner 0enito C. Man e" app"ied forretire&ent, effective Dece&$er 5-, - :+,according to "a#, 5 after !aving to !iscredit &ore t!an ;46< 'ears of service int!e govern&ent, inc" ded in #!ic! #erefo r s ccessive ter&s as Ma'or ofLinga'en, %angasinan fro& *an ar' -,- /4 to Dece&$er 5-, - :+. S c!app"ication #as approved on Dece&$er/, - :+. e !ad "i3e#ise so g!t t!eco&& tation of !is vacation and sic3"eave, fi"ing #it! t!e M nicipa" Treas rerof Linga'en, %angasinan on Dece&$er44, - :+ a co&& nication to t!at effect.

In !is &e&orand & fi"ed #it!respondent Genera" A diting )ffice to#!ic! t!e &atter #as referred, !estressed t!at !e #as entit"ed to n sedvacation and sic3 "eave earned fro& Ma'5-, - /+ ;date of effectivit' Rep $"ic ActNo. -:-:< to Dece&$er 5-, - :+, or aperiod of -6 'ears and + &ont!s, andsince !is !ig!est sa"ar' #as %:66.66 a&ont!, t!e tota" a&o nt #!ic! s!o "daccr e to !i& is %:,666.66, ;one &ont!for ever' 'ear<.

ISSUE%

W!et!er or not an e"ective officia" &a'$e entit"ed in t!e event t!at !evo" ntari"' retires or $e separated fro&t!e service #it!o t fa "t on !is part tot!e co&& tation of !is vacation and sic3"eave

HELD%

-. It is e7press"' provided nder Section4@: of t!e Revised Ad&inistrative Codet!at vacation and sic3 "eave s!a"" $ec & "ative, an' part t!ereof not ta3en#it!in t!e ca"endar 'ear earned $eing

carried over t!e s cceeding 'ears #it!t!e e&p"o'ee vo" ntari"' retiring or $eingseparated fro& t!e service #it!o t fa "ton !is part, $eing entit"ed to t!eco&& tation of a"" s c! acc & "atedvacation or sic3 "eave to !is creditprovided t!at it s!a"" in no case e7ceedten ;-6< &ont!s.

8)fficia"s and e&p"o'ees retired ndert!is Act s!a"" $e entit"ed to t!eco&& tation of t!e n sed vacation andsic3 "eave, $ased on t!e !ig!est ratereceived, #!ic! t!e' !ave to t!eir creditat t!e ti&e of retire&ent.8

4. W!' t!en did respondent decideot!er#ise9 It &a' !ave $een d e to a&isreading of Section 4-@+ of t!eRevised Ad&inistrative Code. W!at & st!ave &is"ed respondent #as a fai" re tota3e d e note t!at t!is section dea"sso"e"' #it! a sit ation #!en a & nicipa"&a'or is a$sent fro& !is office $eca seof i""ness. It does not cover t!erefore t!especific case !ere presented of t!e rig!tof t!e e"ective officia" to a co&& tationof !is vacation and sic3 "eave pon !isretire&ent or separation fro& t!e servicet!ro g! no fa "t of !is o#n. Moreover it& st !ave fe"t = stified in vie# of t!eendorse&ent of t!e Co&&ission of t!eCivi" Service, #!o app"ied Section ofCivi" Service R "e OVI, inc" ded in #!ic!is t!e e7press in= nction t!at t!e "eave isnot c & "ative. B rt!er ref"ection o g!tto !ave ca tioned it t!at certain"' t!isr "e is far fro& $eing app"ica$"e as on itsface it is $ased on t!e aforesaid Section4-@+, #!ic! as noted is not in point.

8T!e recognition of t!e po#er ofad&inistrative officia"s to pro& "gater "es in t!e i&p"e&entation of t!estat te, necessari"' "i&ited to #!at isprovided for in t!e "egis"ative enact&ent,&a' $e fo nd in t!e ear"' case of 1nitedStates v. 0arrias decided in - 6@. T!enca&e, in a - - decision, 1nited Statesv. T pasi Mo"ina, a de"ineation of t!escope of s c! co&petence. T! s( )f

EH +, Pa ( 1"



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSco rse t!e reg "ations adopted nder"egis"ative a t!orit' $' a partic "ardepart&ent & st $e in !ar&on' #it! t!eprovisions of t!e "a#, and for t!e so"ep rpose of carr'ing into effect its genera"provisions.

5. Not!ing can $e c"earer t!erefore t!ant!at t!e c"ai& of petitioner to aco&& tation of !is vacation and sic3"eave not e7ceeding ten ;-6< &ont!s& st $e p!e"d, inas& c! as t!e factss!o# t!at t!e tota" a&o nt so g!t to $epaid to !i& #as precise"' in accordance#it! t!e contro""ed "ega" provisions. T!er "ing no# on revie# & st $e versed andpetitioner s p"ea granted.

W EREB)RE, t!e r "ing of Marc! -, - :@of respondent office ref sing to a""o# ina dit t!e c"ai& of petitioner 0enito C.Man e" for co&& tation of !is "eaveearned as Ma'or for t!e period *an ar' -,- /4 to Dece&$er 5-, - :+ is reversedand t!e app"ication of petition for s c!co&& tation granted. Wit!o tprono nce&ent as to costs.

L4&a0 co /$ Co4r# o9 A&&(a*$

I$$4(%

Can t!e %rofessiona" Reg "ationCo&&ission "a#f ""' pro!i$it t!ee7a&iness fro& attending revie#c"asses, receiving !ando t &ateria"s,tips, or t!e "i3e 5 da's $efore t!e date oft!e e7a&ination9

Fac#$%

%RC iss ed Reso" tion No. -6/ as partsof its 8Additiona" Instr ctions toE7a&iness,8 to a"" t!ose app"'ing forad&ission to ta3e t!e "icens ree7a&inations in acco ntanc'.%etitioners, a"" revie#ees preparing tota3e t!e "icens re e7a&inations inacco ntanc', fi"ed #it! t!e RTC aco&p"aint for in= nction #it! a pra'er

#it! t!e iss ance of a #rit of apre"i&inar' in= nction against respondent%RC to restrain t!e "atter fro& enforcingt!e a$ove>&entioned reso" tion and todec"are t!e sa&e nconstit tiona".

R4*(%

We rea"ize t!at t!e 2 estioned reso" tion#as adopted for a co&&enda$"e p rpose#!ic! is 8to preserve t!e integrit' andp rit' of t!e "icens re e7a&inations.8o#ever, its good ai& cannot $e a c"oa3to concea" its constit tiona" infir&ities.)n its face, it can $e readi"' seen t!at itis nreasona$"e in t!at an e7a&ineecannot even attend an' revie# c"ass,$riefing, conference or t!e "i3e, orreceive an' !and>o t, revie# &ateria", oran' tip fro& an' sc!oo", co""ege orniversit', or an' revie# center or t!e"i3e or an' revie#er, "ect rer, instr ctor,officia" or e&p"o'ee of an' of t!eafore&entioned or si&i"ar instit tions.

T!e nreasona$"eness is &ore o$vio s int!at one #!o is ca g!t co&&itting t!epro!i$ited acts even #it!o t an' i""&otives #i"" $e $arred fro& ta3ing f t ree7a&inations cond cted $' t!erespondent %RC. B rt!er&ore, it isinconceiva$"e !o# t!e Co&&ission can&anage to !ave a #atc!f " e'e on eac!and ever' e7a&inee d ring t!e t!reeda's $efore t!e e7a&ination period.

It is an ai7io& in ad&inistrative "a# t!atad&inistrative a t!orities s!o "d not actar$itrari"' and capricio s"' in t!eiss ance of r "es and reg "ations. To $eva"id, s c! r "es and reg "ations & st $ereasona$"e and fair"' adapted to t!e endin vie#. If s!o#n to $ear no reasona$"ere"ation to t!e p rposes for #!ic! t!e'are a t!orized to $e iss ed, t!en t!e'& st $e !e"d to $e inva"id.Reso" tion No. -6/ is not on"'nreasona$"e and ar$itrar', it a"soinfringes on t!e e7a&inees rig!t to"i$ert' g aranteed $' t!e Constit tion.Respondent %RC !as no a t!orit' todictate on t!e revie#ees as to !o# t!e'

EH +, Pa ( 2,



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSs!o "d prepare t!e&se"ves for t!e"icens re e7a&inations. T!e' cannot $erestrained fro& ta3ing a"" t!e "a#f " stepsneeded to ass re t!e f "fi""&ent of t!eira&$ition to $eco&e p $"ic acco ntants.

T!e' !ave ever' rig!t to &a3e se oft!eir fac "ties in attaining s ccess int!eir endeavors

Mo0#(c)**o /$. CSCG.R. No. -5- / . * ne 4@, 466-

FACTS%

%etitioners assai" t!e va"idit' of CSCMe&orand & Circ "ar No. 44, Series of- -, on t!e gro nd t!at its iss ancea&o nted to an a$ se of respondents

po#er to pro& "gate r "es andreg "ations p rs ant to t!e Civi" ServiceLa#.

E&p"o'ee positions in t!e Metropo"itanCe$ Water District ;MCWD< #ere re>c"assified d ring t!e "atter part of - / toconfor& #it! position descriptions andcorresponding sa"ar' grades in t!e civi"service. According"', #!i"e t!e personne"str ct re of t!e MCWD #as $eing

&odified, t!ree of its e&p"o'ees >>petitioners Ase"a 0. Monteci""o, Mari"o *oan V. )rtega and C!arris!e Dosdos >>app"ied for pro&otiona" appoint&ent tot!e position of Secretar' to t!e AssistantGenera" Manager or %rivate Secretar' C,as t!e position "ater ca&e to $e 3no#n.At t!e ti&e of t!eir app"ication,petitioners !ad $een occ p'ing t!eposition of Depart&ent Secretar' and#ere e&p"o'ed in t!e MCWD for si7 to

seven 'ears.W!en t!eir appoint&ents #ere for#ardedto t!e Civi" Service Co&&ission Bie"d)ffice ;CSC B)< $' MCWD Genera"Manager D "ce A$ani""a, t!e CSC B)ref sed to approve petitionersappoint&ents as per&anent on t!egro nd t!at t!e position app"ied for #asa pri&ari"' confidentia" and co>ter&ino sposition. T!is r "ing #as p!e"d $' t!e

CSC Regiona" )ffice and affir&ed onappea" $' respondent.

ISSUE%

W)N CSC a$ sed its r "e>&a3ing po#er

HELD%

ABBIRMED. Respondent #as e7press"'

e&po#ered to dec"are positions in t!eCivi" Service as &a' proper"' $ec"assified as pri&ari"' confidentia" nderSection -4, C!apter 5, 0oo3 V of t!eAd&inistrative Code of - @+. To o r&ind, t!is signifies t!at t!e en &erationfo nd in Section :, Artic"e IV of t!e Civi"Service Decree, #!ic! defines t!e non>career service, is not an e7c" sive "ist.Respondent co "d s pp"e&ent t!een &eration, as it did #!en it iss ed

Me&orand & Circ "ar No. 44, s. of - -,$' specif'ing positions in t!e civi"service, #!ic! are considered pri&ari"'confidentia" and t!erefore t!eirocc pants are co>ter&ino s #it! t!eofficia" t!e' serve. T!e assai"ed&e&orand & circ "ar can not $edee&ed as an na t!orized a&end&entof t!e "a#. )n t!e contrar', it #as iss edp rs ant to a po#er e7press"' vested $'"a# pon respondent. As s c!, it & st $erespected $' t!is Co rt as a va"idiss ance of a constit tiona""'independent $od'.

SMART VS NLRC G.R. No. 1 1",@A4 4$# 12! 2,,5

FACTS%

% rs ant to its r "e>&a3ing andreg "ator' po#ers, t!e Nationa" Te"eco&& nications Co&&ission ;NTC<iss ed on * ne -:, 4666 Me&orand &Circ "ar No. -5>:>4666, pro& "gatingr "es and reg "ations on t!e $i""ing ofte"eco&& nications services.

)n A g st 56, 4666, t!e NTC iss ed aMe&orand & to a"" ce"" "ar &o$i"ete"ep!one service ;CMTS< operators

EH +, Pa ( 21



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTS#!ic! contained &eas res to &ini&ize ifnot tota""' e"i&inate t!e incidence ofstea"ing of ce"" "ar p!one nits. T!eMe&orand & directed CMTS operatorsto(

a. strict"' co&p"' #it! Section 0;-< ofMC -5>:>4666 re2 iring t!epresentation and verification of t!eidentit' and addresses of prepaid SIMcard c sto&ers?$. re2 ire a"" 'o r respective prepaidSIM cards dea"ers to co&p"' #it!Section 0;-< of MC -5>:>4666?c. den' acceptance to 'o r respectivenet#or3s prepaid andKor postpaidc sto&ers sing sto"en ce""p!onenits or ce""p!one nits registered toso&e$od' ot!er t!an t!e app"icant#!en proper"' infor&ed of a""infor&ation re"ative to t!e sto"ence""p!one nits?d. s!are a"" necessar' infor&ation ofsto"en ce""p!one nits to a"" ot!erCMTS operators in order to preventt!e se of sto"en ce""p!one nits? ande. re2 ire a"" 'o r e7isting prepaid SIMcard c sto&ers to register andpresent va"id identification cards.

Anot!er Me&orand & dated )cto$er :,4666 addressed to a"" p $"icte"eco&& nications entities, reads(

T!is is to re&ind 'o t!at t!e va"idit'of a"" prepaid cards so"d on 6+ )cto$er4666 and $e'ond s!a"" $e va"id for at"east t#o ;4< 'ears fro& date of firstse p rs ant to MC -5>:>4666.In addition, a"" CMTS operators arere&inded t!at a"" SIM pac3s sed $'s $scri$ers of prepaid cards so"d on6+ )cto$er 4666 and $e'ond s!a"" $eva"id for at "east t#o ;4< 'ears fro&date of first se. A"so, t!e $i""ing nits!a"" $e on a si7 ;:< seconds p "seeffective 6+ )cto$er 4666.

Is"aco& and %i"te" fi"ed an an action fordec"aration of n ""it' of NTCMe&orand & Circ "ar No. -5>:>4666 ;t!e0i""ing Circ "ar< and t!e NTCMe&orand & dated )cto$er :, 4666,

#it! pra'er for t!e iss ance of a #rit ofpre"i&inar' in= nction and te&porar'restraining order. 0ot! a""eged, interalia, t!at t!e NTC a$ 0o ;4r)$')c#)o0#o r( 4*a#( # ( $a*( o9 co0$4 (roo'$ $4c a$ # ( &r(&a)' ca** car'$$)0c( $4c ;4r)$')c#)o0 8(*o0 $ #o# ( D(&ar# (0# o9 Tra'( a0'I0'4$#r7 40'(r # ( Co0$4 (r Ac# o9# ( P )*)&&)0($ # a# # ( B)**)0C)rc4*ar )$ o&&r($$)/(! co09)$ca#or7a0' /)o*a#)/( o9 # ( co0$#)#4#)o0a*&ro )8)#)o0 a a)0$# '(&r)/a#)o0 o9&ro&(r#7 <)# o4# '4( &roc($$ o9 *a< ?# a# # ( C)rc4*ar <)** r($4*# )0 # () &a)r (0# o9 # ( /)a8)*)#7 o9 # (&r(&a)' c(**4*ar $(r/)c( 87 40'4*7&ro*o0 )0 # ( /a*)')#7 a0'(=&)ra#)o0 o9 # ( &r(&a)' SIM a0'ca** car'$ a0' # a# # (r( 4)r( (0#$ o9 )'(0#)9)ca#)o0 o9&r(&a)' car' 847(r$ a0' ca** 8a*a0c(a00o40c( (0# ar( 40r(a$o0a8*(ence, t!e' pra'ed t!at t!e 0i""ing

Circ "ar $e dec"ared n "" and void abinitio. %etitioners G"o$e Te"eco&, Inc andS&art Co&& nications, Inc. fi"ed a =ointMotion for Leave to Intervene and toAd&it Co&p"aint>in>Intervention #!ic!#as granted. Co rt iss ed a te&porar'restraining order. Motion to dis&iss andreconsideration #ere denied $' t!e RTC.Respondent NTC t! s fi"ed a specia" civi"action for certiorari and pro!i$ition #it!t!e Co rt of Appea"s #!ic! #as granted,!ence t!is petition.

ISSUE%

W!et!er or not va"idit' orconstit tiona"it' of a r "e or reg "ationiss ed $' t!e ad&inistrative agenc' int!e perfor&ance of its 2 asi>"egis"ativef nction is nder t!e = risdiction ofreg "ar co rts.

HELD%

CA reversed. Regiona" Tria" Co rt !as = risdiction to !ear and decide t!e case.

EH +, Pa ( 22



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSA' )0)$#ra#)/( a (0c)($ &o$$($$4a$)-*( )$*a#)/( or r4*(- a )0

&o<(r$ a0' 4a$)-;4')c)a* ora' )0)$#ra#)/( a';4')ca#or7 &o<(r$ .4a$)-*( )$*a#)/( or r4*(- a )0

&o<(r is t!e po#er to &a3e r "es andreg "ations #!ic! res "ts in de"egated"egis"ation t!at is #it!in t!e confines oft!e granting stat te and t!e doctrine ofnon>de"ega$i"it' and separa$i"it' ofpo#ers. T!e r "es and reg "ations t!atad&inistrative agencies pro& "gate,#!ic! are t!e prod ct of a de"egated"egis"ative po#er to create ne# andadditiona" "ega" provisions t!at !ave t!eeffect of "a#, s!o "d $e #it!in t!e scopeof t!e stat tor' a t!orit' granted $' t!e"egis"at re to t!e ad&inistrative agenc'.It is re2 ired t!at t!e reg "ation $eger&ane to t!e o$=ects and p rposes oft!e "a#, and $e not in contradiction to,$ t in confor&it' #it!, t!e standardsprescri$ed $' "a#. T!e' & st confor& toand $e consistent #it! t!e provisions oft!e ena$"ing stat te in order for s c! r "eor reg "ation to $e va"id. Constit tiona"and stat tor' provisions contro" #it!respect to #!at r "es and reg "ations&a' $e pro& "gated $' anad&inistrative $od', as #e"" as #it!respect to #!at fie"ds are s $=ect toreg "ation $' it. It &a' not &a3e r "esand reg "ations #!ic! are inconsistent#it! t!e provisions of t!e Constit tion ora stat te, partic "ar"' t!e stat te it isad&inistering or #!ic! created it, or#!ic! are in derogation of, or defeat, t!ep rpose of a stat te. In case of conf"ict$et#een a stat te and an ad&inistrativeorder, t!e for&er & st prevai".

Not to $e conf sed #it! t!e 2 asi>"egis"ative or r "e>&a3ing po#er of anad&inistrative agenc' is its 4a$)-

;4')c)a* or a' )0)$#ra#)/(a';4')ca#or7 &o<(r . T!is is t!e po#erto !ear and deter&ine 2 estions of factto #!ic! t!e "egis"ative po"ic' is to app"'and to decide in accordance #it! t!estandards "aid do#n $' t!e "a# itse"f inenforcing and ad&inistering t!e sa&e

"a#. T!e ad&inistrative $od' e7ercisesits 2 asi>= dicia" po#er #!en it perfor&sin a = dicia" &anner an act #!ic! isessentia""' of an e7ec tive orad&inistrative nat re, #!ere t!e po#erto act in s c! &anner is incidenta" to orreasona$"' necessar' for t!eperfor&ance of t!e e7ec tive orad&inistrative d t' entr sted to it. Incarr'ing o t t!eir 2 asi>= dicia" f nctions,t!e ad&inistrative officers or $odies arere2 ired to investigate facts or ascertaint!e e7istence of facts, !o"d !earings,#eig! evidence, and dra# conc" sionsfro& t!e& as $asis for t!eir officia" actionand e7ercise of discretion in a = dicia"nat re.

I0 4($#)o0)0 # ( /a*)')#7 orco0$#)#4#)o0a*)#7 o9 a r4*( orr( 4*a#)o0 )$$4(' 87 a0a' )0)$#ra#)/( a (0c7! a &ar#7 0(('0o# (= a4$# a' )0)$#ra#)/( r( (')($8(9or( o)0 #o co4r#. T )$ &r)0c)&*(a&&*)($ o0*7 < (r( # ( ac# o9 # (a' )0)$#ra#)/( a (0c7 co0c(r0('<a$ &(r9or (' &4r$4a0# #o )#$4a$)-;4')c)a* 940c#)o0! a0' 0o# < (0# ( a$$a)*(' ac# &(r#a)0(' #o )#$r4*(- a )0 or 4a$)-*( )$*a#)/(&o<(r.

A.1. INTERNAL RULES

MAGLUNOB VS THE NATIONALABACA OTHER FIBERSCORPORATION NAFCO

G.R. No. L-62,5 F(8r4ar7 26! 1" +

FACTS%

%etitioner>appe""ants p"ead t!at t!e' are"and"ess #ar veterans and recognizedand deserving g eri""as 2 a"ified toac2 ire p $"ic "ands nder RA No. :/ andas s c! to enter pon, occ p', sett"e andta3e possession of parts of t!e parce" of"and invo"ved !erein. T!e' contend t!atp rs ant to Rep. Acts. Nos. @ and :/, t!edirective of t!e %resident of t!e

EH +, Pa ( 25



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTS%!i"ippines dated and t!e r "es andreg "ations pro& "gated t!ere nder,t!e' are entit"ed to !ave an a#ard of t!eparts of t!e parce" of "and t!e' !ave$een in possession. According to t!e&,NABC) is d t' $o nd "ega""' to &a3es c! a#ard, t!e petitioners pra' for a#rit to co&pe" t!e respondentcorporation to respect t!eir rig!t over t!eparts of t!e parce" of "and occ pied $'t!e& and to e7ec te "ease contracts ordeeds of sa"e to give effect to s c! rig!tin co&p"iance #it! t!e orders of t!e%resident referred to.

)n t!e ot!er !and, respondent a""egest!at t!e parce" of "and descri$ed in t!eco&p"aint is o#ned, as evidenced $'

Torrens transfer certificate of tit"e iss ed$' t!e Register of Deeds in and for t!e%rovince of Davao, &anaged andfinanced $' t!e B r 3a#a %"antationCo&pan', separate, apart and distinctfro& t!at of t!e respondent. Rep. ActsNos. @ and :/ and t!e directives of t!e%resident invo3ed $' t!e petitionersconfer no specific "ega" rig!t pon t!epetitioners and i&pose no &inisteria"d t' pon t!e respondent to a#ard to#ar veterans and deserving g eri""asparts of t!e parce" of "and o#ned $' t!eB r 3a#a %"antation Co&pan'.

T!e' f rt!er assert t!at petitioners are!ave no specific "ega" rig!t to ac2 ire t!eparce" of "and in 2 estion and t!erespondent !as no &inisteria" d t' toa#ard to t!e& t!e parts of t!e parce" of"and a""eged"' occ pied $' t!e&? t!atRep. Act No. @ gives on"' a t!orit' to t!e%resident of t!e %!i"ippines 8to designatean e7isting office, agenc' orinstr &enta"it' of t!e Govern&ent, tota3e over and ad&inister t!e propertiesac2 ired nder t!e provisions of t!is Actand t!e disposition of t!ese propertiess!a"" $e &ade in accordance #it! t!ee7isting "a#s?8 Last"', RA No. :/ gives tot!e persons &entioned in sections - and4 of t!e Act, a"" ot!er 2 a"ifications $einge2 a", 8preference to p rc!ase p $"ic

"ands and govern&ent>o#ned or&anaged agric "t ra" far&s ors $divisions, to o$tain !o&esteads,concessions and franc!ises, and ot!erprivi"eges for t!e e7p"oitation of t!enationa" reso rces #!ic! are per&issi$"eand &ade avai"a$"e $' e7isting "a#s ort!e "i3e?8 o#ever, granting t!atpetitioners !ave a preferentia" rig!t, t!e'!ave "ost it, $eca se since t!e passageof t!e "a# &ore t!an t!ree 'ears !avea"read' e"apsed. In vie# of t!is ans#erand pon &otion of co nse" for t!erespondent a pre"i&inar' !earing #as!e"d as if a &otion to dis&iss !ad $eenfi"ed.

ISSUE%

W)N RA No. :/ grants specific "ega" rig!tto petitioners?W)N t!e respondent !as specific "ega"d t' en=oined $' "a# to perfor& inconnection t!ere#it! .

RULING%

After !earing t!e co rt dis&issed t!eco&p"aint on t!e gro nd t!at t!e parce"of "and in 2 estion $e"ongs e7c" sive"' toa corporation #!ose $oard of directors!appens to $e t!e sa&e $oard ofdirectors of t!e respondent NABC) andfor t!at reason t!e respondent cannota"ienate t!e "ands in 2 estion to t!epetitioners. A &otion for reconsideration#as denied. Bro& t!e order of dis&issa"t!e petitioners !ave appea"ed.

If NABC) is t!e &anager of t!e parce" of"and or is &anaging t!e p"antationt!erein, it is not t!e rea" part' in interestor t!e part' against #!o& t!e actions!o "d $e $ro g!t . At t!e pre"i&inar'!earing nder section /, R "e @, t!e part'asserting a fact & st prove it $'co&petent evidence. T!e d p"icate fort!e o#ner of t!e Torrens certificate oftit"e & st !ave $een presented or t!eorigina" in t!e office of t!e Registrar ofDeeds & st !ave $een e7!i$ited to t!e

EH +, Pa ( 2+



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSCo rt. Nevert!e"ess, t!ere is anot!ergro nd #!ic! &a3es it nnecessar' tore&and t!e case for f rt!er proceedingsto ascertain #!o is t!e o#ner of t!eparce" of "and invo"ved in t!e "itigation,$eca se granting t!at t!e parce" of "andis inc" ded a&ong t!ose t!at s!o "d $edisposed of in accordance #it! t!eprovisions of Rep $"ic Act No. :/, sti"" t!epetitioners !ave no specific "ega" rig!tand t!e respondent !as no specific "ega"d t' en=oined $' "a# to perfor& inconnection t!ere#it!. It is on"' apreference and t!at invo"ves a discretionto deter&ine #!et!er t!e app"icants for"ease or sa"e of parts of a parce" of "andnder t!e &anage&ent of t!erespondent are entit"ed to s c! "ease orp rc!ase nder t!e provisions ofRep $"ic Act No. :/. Going over t!eprovisions of t!e directives referred to int!e petition for &anda& s #e fai" to findan' #!ic! confers pon t!e petitioners aspecific "ega" rig!t and i&poses a d t'pon t!e respondent enforcea$"e $'

&anda& s. And it & st $e so, $eca see7ec tive orders or directives of t!e%resident are ad&inistrative in nat reand t!e' cannot, genera""', confer an'rig!t $eca se t!is is on"' conferred $'"a#.

1pon t!e second gro nd, t!e orderappea"ed fro& dis&issing t!e petition for&anda& s is affir&ed, #it!o t costs.

INTERPROVINCIAL AUTOBUS CO.!INC. /$. COLLECTOR OF INTERNAL

REVENUEJG.R. No. L-63+1. ?a04ar7 51! 1" 6K

FACTS%

%"aintiff>petitioner is a co&&on carrierengaged in transporting passengers andfreig!t $' &eans of T%1 $ ses.So&eti&e in t!e 'ear - - t!e provincia"reven e agent for Misa&is )ccidenta"e7a&ined t!e st $s of t!e freig!treceipts t!at !ad $een iss ed $' t!e

%"aintiff. T!e co&pan' #as not a$"e topreserve t!e receipt st $s fro& - 5: to- 5@ $ t #as a$"e to preserve t!ose for- 5 and - 6. T!e provincia" reven eagent for Misa&is )ccidenta" ascertainedt!e n &$er of receipts $' referring to t!econd ctorJs dai"' report for t!e saidperiod - 5: to - 5@.

0ot! t!e said dai"' reports of %"aintiffJscond ctors and t!e avai"a$"e st $s ')'0o# $#a#( # ( /a*4( of t!e goodstransported t!ere nder. o#ever,respondent a$$4 (' t!at t!e va" e oft!e goods covered $' eac! of t!e freig!treceipts a&o nted to &ore t!an %/, andassessed a doc &entar' sta&p ta7 of%6.6 on eac! of t!e receipts. T!e ta7t! s assessed a&o nted to %+,++:.4 ,#!ic! #as co""ected fro& t!e deposit oft!e %"aintiff in t!e %N0.

%"aintiff de&anded t!e ref nd of t!ea&o nt, and pon ref sa" of t!eDefendant, %"aintiff fi"ed t!e action. T!eCBI rendered = dg&ent in favor of t!e%"aintiff. T!e CA reversed t!e decision oft!e CBI and a$so"ved t!e Defendant>Respondent fro& t!e co&p"aint. ence,t!is appea".

ISSUES%

(1) Did t!e Secretar' of Binanceinfringe or vio"ate an' rig!t of t!eta7pa'er #!en !e directed t!at t!eta7 is to $e co""ected in a"" cases#!ere t!e $i"" of "ading or receipt'o($ 0o# $#a#( # a# # ($ )& (0# )$ <or# P or *($$or, in t!e "ang age of t!eetitioner > Appellant , #!en !e;Secretar'< created a&r($4 &#)o0 o9 *)a8)*)#7 to t!eta7 if t!e receipt fai"s to state s c!va" e9

RULING%

-.<N).

EH +, Pa ( 2



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTS T!e so rce of t!is arg &ent ste&sfro& t!e va"idit' of Depart&ent ofBinance Reg "ation No. 4: #!ic!provides(

HSEC. -4-. 0asis of t!e ta7 and affi7t reof sta&ps. Q 0i""s of "ading are (=( &#fro& t!e doc &entar' sta&p ta7i&posed $' paragrap!s ;2< and ;r< ofsection - of t!e Ad&inistrative Code#!en t!e va" e of t!e goods s!ipped )$P or *($$ . U0*($$ # ( 8)** o9 *a')0$#a#($ t!at t!e goods are #ort! %/ or"ess, it & st $e !e"d t!at t!e ta7 is d e,and interna" reven e officers #i"" see to itt!at t!e ta7 is paid in a"" cases #!ere t!e$i"" of "ading does not state t!at t!es!ip&ent is #ort! %/ or "ess.

T!e a$ove reg "ations #erepro& "gated nder t!e a t!orit' ofsection + ;0< of t!e Ad&inistrative Code;origina""' section 4 of Act 4@65<, #!ic!e7press"' provides(

HT!e Depart&ent ead s!a"" !avepo#er to pro& "gate, #!enever !e &a'see fit to do so, a"" r "es, reg "ations,orders, circ "ars, &e&orand &s, andot!er instr ctions, not contrar' to "a#,necessar' to reg "ate t!e proper #or3ingand !ar&onio s and efficientad&inistration of eac! and a"" of t!eoffices and dependencies of !isDepart&ent, and for t!e strictenforce&ent and proper e7ec tion of t!e"a#s re"ative to &atters nder t!e

= risdiction of said Depart&ent? $ t noneof said r "es or orders s!a"" prescri$epena"ties for t!e vio"ation t!ereof, e7ceptas e7press"' a t!orized $' "a# .

So, did t!e Secretar' vio"ate an'rig!t9 ;s!ort ans#er( N).<It cannot $e denied t!at t!e

r( 4*a#)o0 is (r(*7 a ')r(c#)/( #o# ( #a= o99)c(r$ ? it does not p rport toc!ange or &odif' t!e "a#? it does notcreate a "ia$i"it' to t!e sta&p ta7 #!ent!e va" e of t!e goods does not appearon t!e face of t!e receipt. T!e practica"sef "ness of t!e directive $eco&es

evident #!en acco nt is ta3en of t!e fact

t!at ta7 officers are in no position to#itness t!e iss ance of receipts andc!ec3 t!e va" e of t!e goods for #!ic!t!e' are iss ed. If ta7 officers #ere toassess or co""ect t!e ta7 on"' #!en t!e'find t!at t!e va" e of t!e goods covered$' t!e receipts is &ore t!an five pesos,t!e assess&ent and co""ection of t!e ta7#o "d $e #e"">nig! i&possi$"e, as it isi&possi$"e for ta7 co""ectors to deter&inefro& t!e receipts a"one, if t!e' do notcontain t!e va" e of t!e goods, #!et!ert!e goods receipted for e7ceed %/, ornot. T!e reg "ation i&p"ied"' re2 ired t!estate&ent of t!e va" e of t!e goods int!e receipts? so t!at t!e co""ection of t!eta7 can $e enforced. T!is t!e %etitioner>Appe""ant fai"ed to do and !e no# c"ai&st!e nreasona$"eness of t!e provision asa $asis for !is e7e&ption. We find t!att!e reg "ation is not on"' sef ", practica"and necessar' for t!e enforce&ent of t!e"a# on t!e ta7 on $i""s of "ading andreceipts, $ t a"so reasona$"e in itsprovisions.

T!e reg "ation a$ove 2 oted fa""s #it!int!e scope of t!e ad&inistrative po#er oft!e Secretar' of Binance, as a t!orized inSection + ;0< of t!e RevisedAd&inistrative Code, $eca se it isessentia" to t!e strict enforce&ent andproper e7ec tion of t!e "a# #!ic! itsee3s to i&p"e&ent. Sa)' r( 4*a#)o0$a/( # ( 9orc( a0' (99(c# o9 *a< .

HIn t!e ver' nat re of t!ings in &an'cases it $eco&es i&practica$"e for t!e"egis"ative depart&ent of t!eGovern&ent to provide genera"reg "ations for t!e vario s and var'ingdetai"s for t!e &anage&ent of apartic "ar depart&ent of t!eGovern&ent. It t!erefore $eco&esconvenient for t!e "egis"ative depart&entof t!e Govern&ent, $' La#, in a &ostgenera" #a', to provide for t!e cond ct,contro" and &anage&ent of t!e #or3 oft!e partic "ar depart&ent of t!eGovern&ent? to a t!orize certainpersons, in c!arge of t!e &anage&ent,

EH +, Pa ( 26



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTScontro", and direction of t!e partic "ardepart&ent, #o a'o&# c(r#a)0 r4*($a0' r( 4*a#)o0$ &ro/)')0 9or # ('(#a)* o9 # ( a0a ( (0# a0'co0#ro* o9 $4c '(&ar# (0# . S c!reg "ations !ave nifor&"' $een !e"d to!ave t!e force of "a#, #!enever t!e' arefo nd to $e in consonance and in!ar&on' #it! t!e genera" p rposes ando$=ects of t!e "a# S c! reg "ations, onceesta$"is!ed and fo nd to $e in confor&it'#it! t!e genera" p rposes of t!e "a#, are

= st as $inding pon a"" of t!e parties, asif t!e reg "ations !ad $een #ritten in t!eorigina" "a# itse"f.

Bor t!e foregoing considerations, t!e = dg&ent of t!e Co rt of Appea"s isdec"ared void ;for "ac3 of = risdiction> SCrea""' !as e7c" sive appe""ate = ris. incases invo"ving t!e "ega"it' of an'ta7,etc< and t!at of t!e Co rt of BirstInstance, reversed and t!e R($&o0'(0#-A&&(**(( 0(/(r# (*($$ )$ a8$o*/('fro& t!e co&p"aint. Wit! costs againstt!e %etitioner>Appe""ant.

A.2. PENAL REGULATIONS

US /$. BARRIOS

FACTS%

In t!e Co rt of Birst Instance of t!e cit' ofMani"a t!e defendant #as c!arged #it! avio"ation of paragrap!s +6 and @5 ofCirc "ar No. 5 + of t!e Ins "ar Co""ectorof C sto&s, d "' p $"is!ed in t!e )fficia"Gazette and approved $' t!e Secretar'of Binance and * stice. After a de& rrerto t!e co&p"aint #as overr "ed, it #asproved t!at, $eing t!e captain of t!e"ig!ter Ma de, !e #as &oving !er anddirecting !er &ove&ent, #!en !eavi"'"aden, in t!e %asig River, $' $a&$oopo"es in t!e !ands of t!e cre#, and#it!o t stea&, sai", or an' ot!er e7terna"po#er. Para ra& 3, o9 C)rc4*ar No.5"3 r(a'$ a$ 9o**o<$%

8No !eavi"' "oaded casco, "ig!ter, orot!er si&i"ar craft s!a"" $e per&itted to&ove in t!e %asig River #it!o t $eingto#ed $' stea& or &oved $' ot!erade2 ate po#er.8

%aragrap! @5 reads, in part, as fo""o#s(8Bor t!e vio"ation of an' of t!e foregoingreg "ations, t!e person offending s!a"" $e"ia$"e to a fine of not "ess t!an %/ and not&ore t!an %/66, in t!e discretion of t!eco rt.8

T!e co nse" of t!e appe""ant attac3ed t!eva"idit' of paragrap! +6 on t#o gro nds(Birst, t!at it is na t!orized $' section -of Act No. 5//? and, second, t!at if t!eActs of t!e %!i"ippine Co&&ission $eart!e interpretation of a t!orizing t!eCo""ector to pro& "gate s c! a "a#, t!e'are void, as constit ting an i""ega"de"egation of "egis"ative po#er.

ISSUE%

W)N it is an nd e de"egation of"egis"ative po#er to a t!orize t!eCo""ector to pro& "gate s c! "a#.

HELD%

N)

R4*($ 9or *oca* 0a/) a#)o0 &r($cr)8('87 # ( co**(c#or o9 a &or# a$ ar8ora$#(r &4r$4a0# #o $#a#4#or7a4# or)#7 a7 8( $4$#a)0(' a$ 0o#a0 40'4( (=(rc)$( o9 a '(*( a#('*( )$*a#)/( &o<(r.T ( 9)=)0 o9 &(0a*#)($ 9or cr) )0a*o99(0$($ )$ # ( (=(rc)$( o9 a*( )$*a#)/( &o<(r < )c ca0 0o# 8('(*( a#(' #o a $48or')0a#(a4# or)#7.

0' sections -, 4, and 5 of Act No. --5:,passed Apri" 4 , - 6 , t!e Co""ector ofC sto&s is a t!orized to "icense craftengaged in t!e "ig!terage or ot!ere7c" sive"' !ar$or $ siness of t!e portsof t!e Is"ands, and, #it! certain

EH +, Pa ( 23



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSe7ceptions, a"" vesse"s engaged in"ig!tering are re2 ired to $e so "icensed.Sections / and @ s pports t!isconc" sion.

!"#C. $. The Collector of Customsfor the hilippine %slands is herebyauthori&ed, empowered, anddirected to promptly ma'e and

publish suitable rules andregulations to carry this law intoeffect and to regulate the businessherein licensed.!"#C. (. Any person who shall)iolate the pro)isions of this Act, orof any rule or regulation made andissued by the Collector of Customsfor the hilippine %slands, underand by authority of this Act, shallbe deemed guilty of amisdemeanor, and upon con)ictionshall be punished by imprisonmentfor not more than si* months, or bya fine of not more than onehundred dollars, +nited "tatescurrency, or by both such fine andimprisonment, at the discretion ofthe court: ro)ided, That )iolationsof law may be punished either bythe method prescribed in sectionse)en hereof, or by that prescribedin this section, or by both.!

T!ere is no diffic "t' in s staining t!ereg "ation of t!e Co""ector as co&ing#it!in t!e ter&s of section /. Lig!terage,&entioned in t!e Act, is t!e ver'$ siness in #!ic! t!is vesse" #asengaged, and #!en !eavi"' "aden #it!!e&p s!e #as navigating t!e %asig River$e"o# t!e 0ridge of Spain, in t!e cit' ofMani"a.

T!e necessit' of confiding to so&e "oca"a t!orit' t!e fra&ing, c!anging, andenforcing of !ar$or reg "ations is.recognized t!ro g!o t t!e #or"d, as eac!region and (ac ar8or r( 4)r($&(c4*)ar r4*($ or( )04#( # a0co4*' 8( (0ac#(' 87 # ( c(0#ra**a< a )0 &o<(r! a0' < )c ! < (0(&# <)# )0 # ()r &ro&(r $co&(! ar(

)0 # ()r 0a#4r( &o*)c( r( 4*a#)o0$ 0o#)0/o*/)0 a0 40'4( ra0# o9*( )$*a#)/( &o<(r.

T!e co&p"aint in t!is instance #asfra&ed #it! reference, as its a t!orit', tosections 5-- and 5- - and 5--F of ActNo. 5//, of t!e %!i"ippine C sto&sAd&inistrative Act, as a&ended $' ActsNos. -45/ and - @6. 1nder Act No. -45/,t!e Co""ector is not on"' e&po#ered to&a3e s ita$"e reg "ations, $ t a"so to 8fi7pena"ties for vio"ation t!ereof,8 note7ceeding a fine of %/66. T!is provisionof t!e stat te does, indeed, present aserio s 2 estion.8)ne of t!e sett"ed &a7i&s inconstit tiona" "a# is, t!at t!e po#erconferred pon t!e "egis"at re to &a3e"a#s can not $e de"egated $' t!atdepart&ent to an' ot!er $od' ora t!orit'. W!ere t!e sovereign po#er oft!e State !as "ocated t!e a t!orit', t!ereit & st re&ain? and $' t!e constit tiona"agenc' a"one t!e "a#s & st $e &adenti" t!e constit tion itse"f is c!anged.

T!e po#er to #!ose = dg&ent, #isdo&,and patriotis& t!is !ig! prerogative !as$een entr sted can not re"ieve itse"f oft!e responsi$i"it' $' c!oosing ot!eragencies pon #!ic! t!e po#er s!a"" $edeve"oped, nor can it s $stit te t!e

= dg&ent, #isdo&, and patriotis& of an'ot!er $od' for t!ose to #!ic! a"one t!epeop"e !ave seen fit to confide t!issovereign tr st.8 ;Coo"e' s Constit tiona"Li&itations, :t! ed., p. -5+.<

T!is doctrine is $ased on t!e et!ica"princip"e t!at s c! a de"egated po#erconstit tes not on"' a rig!t $ t a d t' to$e perfor&ed $' t!e de"egate $' t!einstr &enta"it' of !is o#n = dg&entacting i&&ediate"' pon t!e &atter of"egis"ation and not t!ro g! t!eintervening &ind of anot!er. In t!e caseof t!e 1nited States vs. 0reen ; 6 Bed.Rep., 64<, an Act of Congress a""o#ingt!e Secretar' of War to &a3e s c! r "esand reg "ations as &ig!t $e necessar' toprotect i&prove&ents of t!e Mississippi

EH +, Pa ( 2@



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSRiver, and providing t!at a vio"ationt!ereof s!o "d constit te a&isde&eanor, #as s stained on t!egro nd t!at t!e &isde&eanor #asdec"ared not nder t!e de"egated po#erof t!e Secretar' of War, $ t in t!e Act ofCongress, itse"f. So a"so #as a grant to!i& of po#er to prescri$e r "es for t!ese of cana"s. ;1. S. vs. )r&s$ee, + Bed.Rep., 46+.< 0 t a "a# a t!orizing !i& tore2 ire a"terations of an' $ridge and toi&pose pena"ties for vio"ations of !isr "es #e !e"d inva"id, as vesting in !i& apo#er e7c" sive"' "odged in Congress. ;1.S. vs. Rider, /6 Bed. Rep., 6:.< T!es $=ect is considered and so&e casesrevie#ed $' t!e S pre&e Co rt of t!e1nited States, in re o""oc3 ;-:/ 1. S.,/4:<, #!ic! p!e"d t!e "a# a t!orizing aco&&issioner of interna" reven e todesignate &ar3s and sta&ps ono"eo&argarine pac3ages, an i&properse of #!ic! s!o "d t!ereafter constit tea cri&e or &isde&eanor, t!e co rtsa'ing ;p. /55<(8T!e cri&ina" offense is f ""' andco&p"ete"' defined $' t!e Act and t!edesignation $' t!e Co&&issioner of t!epartic "ar &ar3s and $rands to $e sed#as a &ere &atter of detai". T!ereg "ation #as in e7ec tion of, ors pp"e&entar' to, $ t not in conf"ict#it!, t!e "a# itse"f. . . .8

In Massac! setts it !as $een decidedt!at t!e "egis"at re &a' de"egate to t!egovernor and co nci" t!e po#er to &a3epi"ot reg "ations. ;Martin vs. Wit!erspoonet a"., -5/ Mass., -+/.<

In t!e case of T!e 0oard of ar$orCo&&issioners of t!e %ort of E re3a vs.E7ce"sior Red#ood Co&pan' ;@@ Ca".,-<, it #as r "ed t!at !ar$or

co&&issioners can not i&pose a pena"t'nder stat tes a t!orizing t!e& to do so,t!e co rt sa'ing(8Conceding t!at t!e "egis"at re co "dde"egate to t!e p"aintiff t!e a t!orit' to&a3e r "es and reg "ations #it!reference to t!e navigation of &$o"dt

0a', t!e pena"t' for t!e vio"ation of s c!r "es and reg "ations is a &atter p re"'in t!e !ands of t!e "egis"at re.8

aving reac!ed t!e conc" sion t!at Ac#No. 1156 )$ /a*)' , so far as sections /and @ are concerned. We are a"so of t!eopinion t!at none of t!e s $se2 entstat tes cited operate to repea" t!eaforesaid section of Act No. --5:. So& c! of t!e = dg&ent of t!e Co rt ofBirst Instance as convicts t!e defendantof a vio"ation of Acts Nos. 5// and -45/is !ere$' revo3ed, and !e is !ere$'convicted of a &isde&eanor andp nis!ed $' a fine of 4/ do""ars, #it!costs of $ot! instances. So ordered.

THE UNITED STATES! /$. FRANTUPASI MOLINA

Facts:

Bran3 T pasi Mo"ina #as c!arged of acri&e of per= r', in vio"ation of Section 5,Act no. -: +, #!en defendant signed apetition to $e per&itted to ta3e t!ee7a&ination for t!e position of & nicipa"po"ice&an and &ade a fa"se dec"arationnder oat! t!at !e #as 2 a"ified to t!ee7a&inations for & nicipa" po"ice and!ave not $een c!arged of an' cri&e

D ring tria", prosec tion presentedevidence t!at t!e defendant #assentenced and i&prisoned for dist r$ingp $"ic peace.

Defendant arg es t!at said Act #as notapp"ica$"e in t!e present case since t!isAct #as only a t!orizing t!e appoint&entof co&&issioners, to &a3e officia"investigations, fi7ing t!eir po#ers, for t!epa'&ent of #itness fees, and for t!ep nis!&ent of per= r' in officia"investigations.

I$$4(%

EH +, Pa ( 2"



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSW)N "o#er co rt co&&itted error inapp"'ing section 5 of Act -: +.

H(*'% No

1nder Section 5 of Act No. -: + itprovides t!at( HAn' person #!o, !avingta3en an oat! $efore a co&petenttri$ na", officer, or person, in an' case in#!ic! a "a# of t!e %!i"ippine Is"andsa t!orizes an oat! to $e ad&inistered,t!at !e #i"" testif', dec"are, depose, orcertif' tr "', or t!at an' #rittentesti&on', dec"aration, deposition orcertificate $' !i& s $scri$ed is tr e,#i""f ""' and contrar' to s c! oat! statesor s $scri$es an' &ateria" &atter #!ic!!e does not $e"ieve to $e tr e, is g i"t'or per= r', and s!a"" $e p nis!ed, etc.

Act No. 4-: , provides for t!ereorganization of t!e & nicipa" po"ice oft!e & nicipa"ities or provinces ands $provinces, it f rt!er provides t!at,s $=ect to t!e approva" of t!e Secretar'of Co&&erce and %o"ice, t!e Director ofConsta$ "ar' s!a"" prepare genera"reg "ations for t!e good govern&ent,discip"ine, and inspection of t!e& nicipa" po"ice, 8co&p"iance #!ere#it!s!a"" $e o$"igator' for a"" &e&$ers of t!eorganization.8

Section of said Act provides t!at( 8To$e e"igi$"e for e7a&ination, a candidates!a"" !ave t!e fo""o#ingre2 ire&ents( . . . ;:< ave no cri&ina"record.8

In accordance #it! t!e re2 ire&ents ofsaid "a#, t!e Director of Consta$ "ar'prepared an e7a&ination &an a",prescri$ing at t!e sa&e ti&e r "es forcond cting e7a&inations, #!ic!e7a&ination &an a" #as approved $'t!e Secretar' of Co&&erce and %o"ice,and t!ere$' #as given t!e force of "a#.We !ave, t!erefore, a "a# #!ic!a t!orizes t!e ad&inistration of an oat!in t!e present case.

A vio"ation of a reg "ation prescri$ed $'an e7ec tive officer of t!e Govern&ent inconfor&it' #it! and $ased pon astat te a t!orizing s c! reg "ation,constit tes an offense and renders t!eoffender "ia$"e to p nis!&ent inaccordance #it! t!e provisions of "a#.

In t!e ver' nat re of t!ings in &an'cases it $eco&es i&practica$"e for t!e*( )$*a#)/( '(&ar# (0# o9 # (Go/(r0 (0# #o &ro/)'( (0(ra*r( 4*a#)o0$ 9or # ( /ar)o4$ a0'/ar7)0 '(#a)*$ 9or # ( a0a ( (0#o9 a &ar#)c4*ar '(&ar# (0# o9 # (Go/(r0 (0#. It t!erefore $eco&esconvenient for t!e "egis"ative depart&entof t!e Govern&ent, $' "a#, in a &ostgenera" #a', to provide for t!e cond ct,contro", and &anage&ent of t!e #or3 oft!e partic "ar depart&ent of t!eGovern&ent? to a t!orize certainpersons, in c!arge of t!e &anage&ent,contro", and direction of t!e partic "ardepart&ent, to adopt certain r "es andreg "ations providing for t!e detai" of t!e&anage&ent and contro" of s c!depart&ent. S c! reg "ations !avenifor&"' $een !e"d to !ave t!e force of"a#, #!enever t!e' are fo nd to $e inconsonance and in !ar&on' #it! t!egenera" p rposes and o$=ects of t!e "a#.

We !e"d in t!e &an' cases t!at saidsection 5 #as a provision p nis!ing t!ecri&e of per= r' genera""'. We find noreason, eit!er in "a# or in t!e arg &entof t!e appe""ant in t!e present case, to&odif' or reverse o r conc" sions in t!atcase. T!e defendant #as g i"t' of t!ecri&e c!arged.

PP. /. MACERENGR No. L-52166

FACTS%

T!is is a case invo"ving t!e va"idit' of a- :+ reg "ation, pena"izing e"ectrofis!ing in fres! #ater fis!eries,

EH +, Pa ( 5,



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSpro& "gated $' t!e Secretar' ofAgric "t re and Nat ra" Reso rces andt!e Co&&issioner of Bis!eries nder t!eo"d Bis!eries La# and t!e "a# creatingt!e Bis!eries Co&&ission.

*ose 0 enavent ra, Godofredo Re'es,0en=a&in Re'es, Nazario A2 ino andCar"ito de" Rosario #ere c!arged $' aConsta$ "ar' investigator in t!e& nicipa" co rt of Sta. Cr z, Lag na #it!!aving vio"ated Bis!eries Ad&inistrative)rder No. @ >-.

T!e "o#er co rt !e"d t!at e"ectro fis!ingcannot $e pena"ize $eca se e"ectricc rrent is not an o$no7io s or poisono ss $stance as conte&p"ated in section I Iof t!e Bis!eries La# and t!at it is not as $stance at a"" $ t a for& of energ'cond cted or trans&itted $' s $stances.

T!e "o#er co rt f rt!er !e"d t!at, sincet!e "a# does not c"ear"' pro!i$it e"ectrofis!ing, t!e e7ec tive and = dicia"depart&ents cannot consider it n"a#f ".

As "ega" $ac3gro nd, it s!o "d $e statedt!at section -- of t!e Bis!eries La#pro!i$its 8t!e se of an' o$no7io s orpoisono s s $stance8 in fis!ing.

Section +: of t!e sa&e "a# p nis!es an'person #!o ses an o$no7io s orpoisono s s $stance in fis!ing #it! a fineof not &ore t!an five ! ndred pesos nor&ore t!an five t!o sand, and $'i&prison&ent for not "ess t!an si7&ont!s nor &ore t!an five 'ears.

It is note#ort!' t!at t!e Bis!eries La#does not e7press"' p nis! .e"ectrofis!ing.8

T!e Secretar' of Agric "t re and Nat ra"Reso rces, pon t!e reco&&endation oft!e Bis!eries Co&&ission, iss edBis!eries Ad&inistrative )rder No. @ >-,a&ending section 4 of Ad&inistrative)rder No. @ , $' restricting t!e $anagainst e"ectro fis!ing to fresh waterfisheries ;:5 ).G. :5<.

T! s, t!e p!rase 8in an' portion of t!e%!i"ippine #aters8 fo nd in section 4, #asc!anged $' t!e a&endator' order toread as fo""o#s( 8in fresh water fisheriesin t!e %!i"ippines, s c! as rivers, "a3es,s#a&ps, da&s, irrigation cana"s andot!er $odies of fres! #ater.8

ISSUE%

WHETHER OR NOT THE SECRETARYOF AGRICULTURE E CEEDED ITSAUTHORITY IN ISSUINGADMINISTARTIVE ORDERS.

HELD%

T!e Co rt is of t!e opinion t!at t!eSecretar' of Agric "t re and Nat ra"Reso rces and t!e Co&&issioner ofBis!eries e7ceeded t!eir a t!orit' iniss ing Bis!eries Ad&inistrative )rdersNos. @ and @ >- and t!at t!ose ordersare not #arranted nder t!e Bis!eriesCo&&ission, Rep $"ic Act No. 5/-4.

T!e reason is t!at t!e Bis!eries La# doesnot e7press"' pro!i$it e"ectro fis!ing. Ase"ectro fis!ing is not $anned nder t!at"a#, t!e Secretar' of Agric "t re andNat ra" Reso rces and t!e Co&&issionerof Bis!eries are po#er"ess to pena"ize it.In ot!er #ords, Ad&inistrative )rdersNos. @ and @ >-, in pena"izing e"ectrofis!ing, are devoid of an' "ega" $asis.

ad t!e "a#&a3ing $od' intended top nis! e"ectro fis!ing, a pena" provisionto t!at effect co "d !ave $een easi"'e&$odied in t!e o"d Bis!eries La#.

T!at "a# p nis!es ;-< t!e se ofo$no7io s or poisono s s $stance, ore7p"osive in fis!ing? ;4< n"a#f " fis!ingin deepsea fis!eries? ;5< n"a#f " ta3ingof &arine &o" sca, ; < i""ega" ta3ing ofsponges? ;/< fai" re of "icensed fis!er&ento report t!e 3ind and 2 antit' of fis!ca g!t, and ;:< ot!er vio"ations.

EH +, Pa ( 51



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSNo#!ere in t!at "a# is e"ectro fis!ingspecifica""' p nis!ed. Ad&inistrative)rder No. @ , in p nis!ing e"ectro fis!ing,does not conte&p"ate t!at s c! anoffense fai"s #it!in t!e categor' of 8ot!ervio"ations8 $eca se, as a"read' s!o#n,t!e pena"t' for e"ectro fis!ing is t!epena"t' ne7t "o#er to t!e pena"t' forfis!ing #it! t!e se of o$no7io s orpoisono s s $stances, fi7ed in section+:, and is not t!e sa&e as t!e pena"t'for 8ot!er vio"ations8 of t!e "a# andreg "ations fi7ed in section @5 of t!eBis!eries La#.

T!e "a#&a3ing $od' cannot de"egate toan e7ec tive officia" t!e po#er to dec"are#!at acts s!o "d constit te an offense. Itcan a t!orize t!e iss ance of reg "ationsand t!e i&position of t!e pena"t'provided for in t!e "a# itse"f. ;%eop"e vs.E7conde -6- %!i". -- 4/, citing -- A&.

* r. :/ on p. -- 54<.

o#ever, at present, t!ere is no &oredo $t t!at e"ectro fis!ing is p nis!a$"ender t!e Bis!eries La# and t!at itcannot $e pena"ized &ere"' $' e7ec tiverevo" tion $eca se %residentia" DecreeNo. +6 , #!ic! is a revision andconso"idation of a"" "a#s and decreesaffecting fis!ing and fis!eries and #!ic!#as pro& "gated on Ma' -:, - +/ ;+-).G. 4: <, e7press"' p nis!es e"ectrofis!ing in fres! #ater and sa"t #aterareas.

n e7a&ination of t!e r "e>&a3ing po#erof e7ec tive officia"s and ad&inistrativeagencies and, in partic "ar, of t!eSecretar' of Agric "t re and Nat ra"Reso rces ;no# Secretar' of Nat ra"Reso rces< nder t!e Bis!eries La#s stains t!e vie# t!at !e e7 !is a t!orit'in pena"izing e"ectro fis!ing $' &eans ofan ad&inistrative order.

Ad&inistrative agent are c"ot!ed #it!r "e>&a3ing po#ers $eca se t!e"a#&a3ing $od' finds it i&practica$"e, ifnot i&possi$"e, to anticipate and provide

for t!e & "tifario s and co&p"e7sit ations t!at &a' $e enco ntered inenforcing t!e "a#. A"" t!at is re2 ired ist!at t!e reg "ation s!o "d $e ger&ane tot!e defects and p rposes of t!e "a# andt!at it s!o "d confor& to t!e standardst!at t!e "a# prescri$es ;%eop"e vs.E7conde -6- %!i". --4/? Director ofBorestr' vs. M ?oz, L>4 + :, * ne 4@,- :@, 45 SCRA --@5, -- @? Ge 3e3o vs.Araneta, -64 %!i". +6:, +-4<.

T!e "a#&a3ing $od' cannot possi$"'provide for a"" t!e detai"s in t!eenforce&ent of a partic "ar stat te ;1.S.vs. T pasi Mo"ina, 4 %!i". -- , -4/,citing 1.S. vs. Gri&a d 446 1.S. /6:?Interprovincia" A to$ s Co., Inc. vs. Co"".of Interna" Reven e, @ %!i". 4 6, 4 />:<.

T!e grant of t!e r "e>&a3ing po#er toad&inistrative agencies is a re"a7ation oft!e princip"e of separation of po#ers andis an e7ception to t!e nonde"eption of"egis"ative, po#ers. Ad&inistrativereg "ations or 8s $ordinate "egis"ationca"c "ated to pro&ote t!e p $"ic interestare necessar' $eca se of 8t!e gro#ingco&p"e7it' of &ode& "ife, t!e& "tip"ication of t!e s $=ects ofgovern&enta" reg "ations, and t!eincreased diffic "t' of ad&inistering t!e"a#8 Ca"a"ang vs. Wi""ia&s, +6 %!i". +4:?%eop"e vs. Rosent!a" and )s&e ?a, :@%!i". 54@<.

Ad&inistrative reg "ations adopted nder"egis"ative a t!orit' $' a partic "ardepart&ent & st $e in !ar&on' #it! t!eprovisions of t!e "a#, and s!o "d $e fort!e so"e p rpose of carr'ing into effectits genera" provisions. 0' s c!reg "ations, of co rse, t!e "a# itse"fcannot $e e7tended. ;1.S. vs. T pasiMo"ina, s pra<. An ad&inistrative agenc'cannot a&end an act of Congress;Santos vs. Estenzo, -6 %!i". - , 44?

Teo7on vs. Me&$ers of t!e d ofAd&inistrators, L>4/:- , * ne 56, - +6,55 SCRA /@/? Man e" vs. Genera"A diting )ffice, L>4@ /4, Dece&$er 4 ,

EH +, Pa ( 52



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTS- +-, 4 SCRA ::6? De" ao vs. Castee",L>4- 6:, A g st 4 , - : , 4 SCRA 5/6<.

T!e r "e>&a3ing po#er & st $e confinedto detai"s for reg "ating t!e &ode orproceeding to carr' into effect t!e "a# asit !is $een enacted. T!e po#er cannot $ee7tended to a&ending or e7panding t!estat tor' re2 ire&ents or to e&$race&atters not covered $' t!e stat te. R "est!at s $vert t!e stat te cannot $esanctioned. ;1niversit' of Santo To&asvs. 0oard of Ta7 A 5 %!i". 5+:, 5@4,citing -4 C.*. @ /> :. As to inva"idreg "ations, see of Interna" Reven e vs.Vi""af"or : %!i". 5- , Wise Co. vs. Meer,+@ %!i". ://, :+:? De" Marc! vs. %!i".Veterans Ad&inistrative, L>4+4 , * ne4+, - +5, /- SCRA 5 6, 5 <.

A.5 INTERPRETATIVE RULES

H)*a'o /$. Co**(c#orGR L> 6@, 5- )cto$er - /:

Fac#$%

E&i"io i"ado fi"ed !is inco&e ta7 ret rnfor - /- #it! t!e treas rer of 0aco"odCit', c"ai&ing a ded cti$"e ite& of%-4,@5+.:/ fro& !is gross inco&ep rs ant to Genera" Circ "ar V>-45iss ed $' t!e Co""ector of Interna"Reven e. T!e Secretar' of Binance,t!ro g! t!e Co""ector, iss ed Genera"Circ "ar V>-5 #!ic! revo3ed anddec"ared void Circ "ar V>-45? and "aiddo#n t!e r "e sF t!at "osses of propert'#!ic! occ rred in Wor"d War II fro& fires,stor&s, s!ip#rec3 or ot!er cas a"t', orfro& ro$$er', t!eft, or e&$ezz"e&ent areded cti$"e in t!e 'ear of act a" "oss ordestr ction of said propert'. T!eded ctions #ere disa""o#ed.

I$$4(%

W!et!er Interna" Reven e La#s #ereenforced d ring t!e #ar and #!et!eri"ado can c"ai& co&pensation for

destr ction of !is propert' d ring t!e#ar.

H(*'%

%!i"ippines Interna" Reven e La#s arenot po"itica" in nat re and as s c! #erecontin ed in force d ring t!e period ofene&' occ pation and in effect #ereact a""' enforced $' t!e occ pationgovern&ent. S c! ta7 "a#s are dee&edto $e "a#s of t!e occ pied territor' andnot of t!e occ p'ing ene&'. As of t!eend of - /, t!ere #as no "a# #!ic!i"ado co "d c"ai& for t!e destr ction of!is properties d ring t!e $att"e for t!e"i$eration of t!e %!i"ippines. 1nder t!e%!i"ippine Re!a$i"itation Act of - @, t!epa'&ent of c"ai&s $' t!e War Da&ageCo&&ission depended pon itsdiscretions non>pa'&ent of #!ic! doesnot give rise to an' enforcea$"e rig!t.Ass &ing t!at t!e "oss ;ded cti$"e ite&<represents a portion of t!e +/ of !is#ar da&age c"ai&, t!e a&o nt #o "d $eat &ost a proper ded ction of !is - /6gross inco&e ;not on !is - /- grossinco&e< as t!e "ast insta""&ent andnotice of discontin ation of pa'&ent $'t!e War Da&age

VICTORIAS MILLING COMPANY! INC.!v. SOCIAL SECURITY COMMISSION

)n )cto$er -/, - /@, t!e Socia" Sec rit'Co&&ission iss ed its Circ "ar No. 44 oft!e fo""o#ing tenor( .

Effective Nove&$er -, - /@, a""E&p"o'ers in co&p ting t!e pre&i &sd e t!e S'ste&, #i"" ta3e intoconsideration and inc" de in t!eE&p"o'ee s re& neration a"" $on sesand overti&e pa', as #e"" as t!e cas!va" e of ot!er &edia of re& neration.A"" t!ese #i"" co&prise t!e E&p"o'ee sre& neration or earnings, pon #!ic!t!e 5>-K4 and 4>-K4 contri$ tions#i"" $e $ased, p to a &a7i& & of%/66 for an' one &ont!.

EH +, Pa ( 55



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTS1pon receipt of a cop' t!ereof, petitionerVictorias Mi""ing Co&pan', Inc., t!ro g!co nse", #rote t!e Socia" Sec rit'Co&&ission in effect protesting againstt!e circ "ar as contradictor' to aprevio s Circ "ar No. +, dated )cto$er +,- /+ e7press"' e7c" ding overti&e pa'and $on s in t!e co&p tation of t!ee&p"o'ers and e&p"o'ees respective&ont!"' pre&i & contri$ tions, ands $&itting, 8In order to assist 'o rS'ste& in arriving at a properinterpretation of t!e ter& co&pensationfor t!e p rposes of8 s c! co&p tation,t!eir o$servations on Rep $"ic Act --:-and its a&end&ent and on t!e genera"interpretation of t!e #ords8co&pensation8, 8re& neration8 and8#ages8. Co nse" f rt!er 2 estioned t!eva"idit' of t!e circ "ar for "ac3 ofa t!orit' on t!e part of t!e Socia"Sec rit' Co&&ission to pro& "gate it#it!o t t!e approva" of t!e %resident andfor "ac3 of p $"ication in t!e )fficia"Gazette.

)verr "ing t!ese o$=ections, t!e Socia"Sec rit' Co&&ission r "ed t!at Circ "arNo. 44 is not a r "e or reg "ation t!atneeded t!e approva" of t!e %resident andp $"ication in t!e )fficia" Gazette to $eeffective, $ t a &ere ad&inistrativeinterpretation of t!e stat te, a &erestate&ent of genera" po"ic' or opinion asto !o# t!e "a# s!o "d $e constr ed.Not satisfied #it! t!is r "ing, petitionerco&es to t!is Co rt on appea".

T!e sing"e iss e invo"ved in t!is appea" is#!et!er or not Circ "ar No. 44 is a r "e orreg "ation, as conte&p"ated in Section;a< of Rep $"ic Act --:- e&po#eringt!e Socia" Sec rit' Co&&ission 8toadopt, a&end and repea" s $=ect to t!eapprova" of t!e %resident s c! r "es andreg "ations as &a' $e necessar' to carr'o t t!e provisions and p rposes of t!isAct.8

T!ere can $e no do $t t!at t!ere is adistinction $et#een an ad&inistrative

r "e or reg "ation and an ad&inistrativeinterpretation of a "a# #!oseenforce&ent is entr sted to anad&inistrative $od'. W!en anad&inistrative agenc' pro& "gates r "esand reg "ations, it 8&a3es8 a ne# "a##it! t!e force and effect of a va"id "a#,#!i"e #!en it renders an opinion or givesa state&ent of po"ic', it &ere"' interpretsa pre>e7isting "a# ;%ar3er, Ad&inistrativeLa#, p. - +? Davis, Ad&inistrative La#,p. - <. R "es and reg "ations #!enpro& "gated in p rs ance of t!eproced re or a t!orit' conferred pont!e ad&inistrative agenc' $' "a#,parta3e of t!e nat re of a stat te, andco&p"iance t!ere#it! &a' $e enforced$' a pena" sanction provided in t!e "a#.

T!is is so $eca se stat tes are s a""'co c!ed in genera" ter&s, aftere7pressing t!e po"ic', p rposes,o$=ectives, re&edies and sanctionsintended $' t!e "egis"at re. T!e detai"sand t!e &anner of carr'ing o t t!e "a#are often ti&es "eft to t!e ad&inistrativeagenc' entr sted #it! its enforce&ent.In t!is sense, it !as $een said t!at r "esand reg "ations are t!e prod ct of ade"egated po#er to create ne# oradditiona" "ega" provisions t!at !ave t!eeffect of "a#. ;Davis, op. cit., p. - .< .

A r "e is $inding on t!e co rts so "ong ast!e proced re fi7ed for its pro& "gationis fo""o#ed and its scope is #it!in t!estat tor' a t!orit' granted $' t!e"egis"at re, even if t!e co rts are not inagree&ent #it! t!e po"ic' stated t!ereinor its innate #isdo& ;Davis, op. cit. , - />- +<. )n t!e ot!er !and, ad&inistrativeinterpretation of t!e "a# is at $est &ere"'advisor', for it is t!e co rts t!at fina""'deter&ine #!at t!e "a# &eans.

Circ "ar No. 44 in 2 estion #as iss ed $'t!e Socia" Sec rit' Co&&ission, in vie#of t!e a&end&ent of t!e provisions oft!e Socia" Sec rit' La# defining t!e ter&8co&pensation8 contained in Section @ ;f<of Rep $"ic Act No. --:- #!ic!, $eforeits a&end&ent, reads as fo""o#s( .

EH +, Pa ( 5+



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTStr e t!at in previo s cases, t!is Co rt !as!e"d t!at $on s is not de&anda$"e$eca se it is not part of t!e #age, sa"ar',or co&pensation of t!e e&p"o'ee. 0 tt!e 2 estion in t!e instant case is not#!et!er $on s is de&anda$"e or not aspart of co&pensation, $ t #!et!er, aftert!e e&p"o'er does, in fact, give or pa'$on s to !is e&p"o'ees, s c! $on sess!a"" $e considered co&pensation ndert!e Socia" Sec rit' Act after t!e' !ave$een received $' t!e e&p"o'ees. W!i"e itis tr e t!at ter&s or #ords are to $einterpreted in accordance #it! t!eir #e"">accepted &eaning in "a#, nevert!e"ess,#!en s c! ter& or #ord is specifica""'defined in a partic "ar "a#, s c!interpretation & st $e adopted inenforcing t!at partic "ar "a#, for it cannot $e gainsaid t!at a partic "ar p!raseor ter& &a' !ave one &eaning for onep rpose and anot!er &eaning for so&eot!er p rpose. S c! is t!e case t!at isno# $efore s. Rep $"ic Act --:-specifica""' defined #!at 8co&pensation8s!o "d &ean 8 /or the purposes of this

Act 8. Rep $"ic Act -+ 4 a&ended s c!definition $' de"eting sa&e e7e&ptionsa t!orized in t!e origina" Act. 0' virt e oft!is e7press s $stantia" c!ange in t!ep!raseo"og' of t!e "a#, #!atever priore7ec tive or = dicia" constr ction &a'!ave $een given to t!e p!rase in2 estion s!o "d give #a' to t!e c"ear&andate of t!e ne# "a#.IN VIEW )B T E B)REG)ING, t!eReso" tion appea"ed fro& is !ere$'affir&ed, #it! costs against appe""ant. Soordered.

% ILI%%INE 0L))MING MILLS v. SSS

A. UASI-?UDICIAL FUNCTIONS1. INSPECTION!INVESTIGATION ANDAD?UDICATION

ANG TIBAY /$. THE COURT OFINDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

G.R. No. L-+6+"6 F(8r4ar7 23!1"+,

FACTS%

Teodoro Tori$io o#ns and operates Ang Ti$a' a "eat!er co&pan' #!ic! s pp"iest!e %!i"ippine Ar&'. D e to a""egeds!ortage of "eat!er, Tori$io ca sed t!e"a'off of &e&$ers of Nationa" La$or1nion Inc. ;NL1<. NL1 averred t!at

Tori$ioJs act is not va"id as it is not #it!int!e Co""ective 0argaining Agree&ent.

T!e' a"so a""eged t!at t!ere are t#o"a$or nions in Ang Ti$a'? NL1 andNationa" Wor3erJs 0rot!er!ood ;NW0<.

T!e' f rt!er contend t!at NW0 isdo&inated $' Tori$io !i&se"f !ence !efavors it over NL1. NL1 pra's for a ne#tria" as t!e' #ere a$"e to co&e p #it!ne# evidenceKdoc &ents t!at t!e' #erenot a$"e to o$tain $efore, as t!e' #ereinaccessi$"e and t!e' #ere not a$"e topresent it $efore in t!e Co rt of Ind stria"Re"ations.

ISSUE%

W!et!er or not t!ere !as $een a d eprocess of "a#.

HELD%

T!e SC r "ed t!at t!ere s!o "d $e a ne#tria" in favor of NL1.

T!e Co rt of Ind stria" Re"ations is aspecia" co rt #!ose f nctions arespecifica""' stated in t!e "a# of itscreation ;Co&&on#ea"t! Act No. -65<. Itis &ore an ad&inistrative t!an a part oft!e integrated = dicia" s'ste& of t!enation. It !as = risdiction over t!e entire%!i"ippines, to consider, investigate,decide, and sett"e an' 2 estion, &attercontrovers' or disp te arising $et#een,andKor affecting e&p"o'ers ande&p"o'ees or "a$orers, and reg "ate t!ere"ations $et#een t!e&, s $=ect to, andin accordance #it!, t!e provisions ofCo&&on#ea"t! Act No. -65 ;Section -<.

EH +, Pa ( 56



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSMa'or of Mani"a iss ed an e7ec tiveorder creating a co&&ittee 8toinvestigate t!e ano&a"ies invo"ving t!e"icense inspectors and ot!er personne" oft!e License Inspection Division of t!e)ffice of t!e Cit' Treas rer and of t!eLicense and %er&its Division of t!is)ffice. %etitioner is t!e c!air&an of t!eco&&ittee. T!e co&&ittee iss eds $poenas to Ar&ando Ra&os, a privatecitizen #or3ing as a $oo33eeper in t!eCasa de A"$a, re2 iring !i& to appear$efore it. C"ai&ing t!at Ra&os ref sa"tended 8to i&pede, o$str ct, or degradet!e ad&inistrative proceedings,8petitioner fi"ed in t!e Co rt of BirstInstance of Mani"a a petition to dec"areAr&ando Ra&os in conte&pt. After!earing, d ring #!ic! petitioner #asre2 ired to s!o# a prima facie case, t!etria" co rt dis&issed t!e petition. T!e"o#er co rt !e"d t!at t!ere is no "a#e&po#ering co&&ittees created $'& nicipa" &a'ors to iss e s $poenasand de&and t!at #itnesses testif' nderoat!. It appears t!at in a state&ent givento investigators of t!e )ffice of t!eMa'or, Ra&os ad&itted !aving&isappropriated on severa" occasions,s &s of &one' given to !i& $' t!eo#ner of Casa de A"$a for t!e pa'&ent oft!e "atter s ta7es for - /:>- / and t!att!is fact !ad not $een discovered ear"ier$eca se Ra&os sed to entertaine&p"o'ees in t!e Cit' Treas rer s officeat Casa de A"$a #!ere Ra&os #as a$oo33eeper as stated a$ove.

I$$4(%

T!e &ain iss e in t!is case is W)N t!epo#er, if an', of co&&ittee, "i3e t!eco&&ittee of #!ic! petitioner is t!ec!air&an, to s $poena #itnesses toappear $efore it and to as3 for t!eirp nis!&ent in case of ref sa"9

H(*'%

%etition is $ereft of &erit.

T!e r "e is t!at R "e : of t!e R "es ofCo rt app"ies on"' to inferior and s periorco rts and does not co&pre!endconte&pt co&&itted againstad&inistrative officia"s or $odies "i3e t!eone in t!is case, n"ess said conte&pt isc"ear"' considered and e7press"' definedas conte&pt of co rt, as is done inparagrap! 4 of Section /@6 of t!eRevised Ad&inistrative Code.

Section /@6 of t!e RevisedAd&inistrative Code #!ic! provides asfo""o#s(

%o#ers incidenta" to ta3ing of testi&on'.Q W!en a t!orit' to ta3e testi&on' orevidence is conferred pon anad&inistrative officer or pon an'non= dicia" person, co&&ittee, or ot!er$od', s c! a t!orit' s!a"" $e nderstoodto co&pre!end t!e rig!t to ad&inisteroat!s and s &&ons #itnesses and s!a""inc" de a t!orit' to re2 ire t!eprod ction of doc &ents nder asubpoena duces tecum or ot!er#ise,s $=ect in a"" respects to t!e sa&erestrictions and 2 a"ifications as app"' in

= dicia" proceedings of a si&i"arc!aracter.

)ne #!o invo3es t!is provision of t!e "a#& st first s!o# t!at !e !as 8a t!orit' tota3e testi&on' or evidence8 $efore !ecan app"' to t!e co rts for t!ep nis!&ent of !osti"e #itnesses. T!ere isnot!ing said in t!e e7ec tive order of t!eMa'or creating t!e co&&ittee a$o ts c! a grant of po#er. A"" t!at t!e ordergives to t!is $od' is t!e po#er toinvestigate ano&a"ies invo"ving certaincit' e&p"o'ees. SC does not agree #it!t!e petitioner t!at a de"egation of s c!po#er to investigation i&p"ies a"so ade"egation of t!e po#er to ta3etesti&on' or evidence of #itnesses#!ose appearance &a' $e re2 ire $' t!eco&p "sor' process of s $poena.B rt!er&ore, it is do $tf " #!et!er t!eprovisions of section /@6 of t!eAd&inistrative Code are app"ica$"e to t!e

EH +, Pa ( 5@



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSCit' of Mani"a as t!ese pertain to nationa"$ rea s or offices of t!e govern&ent.Even granting t!at t!e Ma'or !as t!ei&p"ied po#er to re2 ire t!e appearanceof #itnesses $efore !i&, t!e r "e, is t!att!e Ma'or can not de"egate t!is po#er toa $od' "i3e t!e co&&ittee of t!epetitioner.

VIVO / MONTESA G.R. No. L-2+ 36 ?4*7 2"! 1"6@

Fac#$%

T!e private respondents * an, %edro, * "io, Marce"o, *ose, Man e" and 0enito,a"" s rna&ed 8Ca"acda'8 arrived in t!e%!i"ippines fro& ong3ong, t!e first fo ron -@ Nove&$er - / , and t!e "ast t!reeon : Dece&$er - / . 1pon t!eir arriva"t!e' so g!t ad&ission as Bi"ipinocitizens. After investigation, a $oard ofspecia" in2 ir', in its decisions of + and-- Dece&$er - / , fo nd t!e& to $e t!e"egiti&ate sons of a Bi"ipino citizen, oneIsaac Ca"acda', and t! s ad&itted t!e&into t!is co ntr'. T!e 0 rea ofI&&igration t!en iss ed to eac! of t!e&an identification certificate as a Bi"ipinocitizen. So&eti&e in Be$r ar', - :5,!o#ever, Isaac Ca"acda' confessed$efore an i&&igration officia" t!at t!eseven respondents #ere not !is sons. eretracted !is confession in Marc!, - :5,in an investigation in t!e Depart&ent of

* stice, #it! t!e e7p"anation t!at, in a fitof anger, !e disc"ai&ed, nder oat!,paternit' of t!e respondents $eca set!e' ref sed to give !i& &one' ;Anne78I8 to Ans#er<.)n Ma' - :5, Co&&issioner ofI&&igration Martiniano Vivo iss ed#arrants of arrest against t!e !ereinprivate respondents, stating in said#arrants t!eir deporta$i"it' nderSection 5+ ;a< ;-< and Section 5+ ;a< ;4<in re"ation to Section 4 ;a< ;-+< of t!e%!i"ippine I&&igration Act of - 6, asa&ended, for !aving entered t!e%!i"ippines 8$' &eans of fa"se and

&is"eading state&ents and t!at t!e'#ere not "a#f ""' ad&issi$"e at t!e ti&eof entr', not $eing proper"' doc &entedfor ad&ission.8 T!e #arrants directedan' i&&igration office or officer of t!e"a# to $ring t!e respondents $efore t!eCo&&issioner, for t!e& to s!o# ca se, ifan' t!ere $e, #!' t!e' s!o "d not $edeported. Man e" Ca"acda' #ass $se2 ent"' arrested. T!e ot!ersre&ained at "arge.

)n 4: Apri" - :/, t!e respondents fi"ed$efore t!e respondent co rt a petition,doc3eted as Civi" Case No. :6 6:,pra'ing for t!ree principa" re"iefs,na&e"'( to restrain t!e arrest of t!osepetitioners #!o !ave not $een arrested?to re"ease Man e" Ca"acda' #!o !ad$een arrested? and to pro!i$it t!edeportation of a"" t!e petitioners, a"" pont!e c"ai& t!at t!e' are Bi"ipino citizens.RTC granted t!e petition.

I$$4(%

W!et!er or not t!e RTC !as = risdictionto restrain t!e deportation proceedings

H(*'%

We agree #it! petitioning Co&&issionert!at t!e co rt $e"o# is #it!o t

= risdiction to restrain t!e deportationproceedings of respondents Ca"acda's.

T!ese proceedings are #it!in t!e = risdiction of t!e I&&igration a t!orities

nder Sections 4@ and 5+ of t!e%!i"ippine I&&igration Act ;C.A. No. :-5<.

T!at = risdiction is not to""ed $' a c"ai&of Bi"ipino citizens!ip, #!ere t!eCo&&issioner or Co&&issioners !avere"ia$"e evidence to t!e contrar'? and$a)' o99)c(r$ $ o4*' 8( )/(0o&&or#40)#7 #o '(#(r )0( # ( )$$4(o9 c)#) (0$ )& 8(9or( # ( co4r#$)0#(r9(r( )0 # ( (=(rc)$( o9 # (&o<(r o9 ;4')c)a* r(/)(< o9a' )0)$#ra#)/( '(c)$)o0$.

EH +, Pa ( 5"



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSin 0iranda )s. eportation oard, %!i"./5-, /55, t!is Co rt said(W!i"e t!e = risdiction of t!e Deportation0oard as an instr &ent of t!e C!iefE7ec tive to deport ndesira$"e a"iense7ists on"' #!en t!e person arrested isan a"ien, !o#ever, t!e &ere p"ea ofcitizens!ip does not divest t!e 0oard ofits = risdiction over t!e case. %etitionerss!o "d &a3e 8a s!o#ing t!at !is c"ai& isfrivo"o s8 ;Ng B ng o vs. W!ite, 4/1.S., 4+/<, and & st prove $' s fficientevidence t!at t!e' are Bi"ipino citizens.ess"er vs. Strec3er ;- 5 < 56+ 1.S., 4-,

5/>5:.F If s c! is t!e pri&ar' d t' ofpetitioners, it fo""o#s t!at t!eDeportation 0oard !as t!e necessar'po#er to pass pon t!e evidence t!at&a' $e presented and deter&ine in t!efirst instance if petitioners are Bi"ipinocitizens or not. T!is is in!erent>in, oressentia" to t!e efficient e7ercise of, t!epo#er of t!e Deportation 0oard;La rencio vs.Co""ector of C sto&s, 5/%!i"., 5+<.

It is #e"" to note !ere t!at #!en t!epetition for certiorari and pro!i$ition ;t!erespondent = dge considered it as s c!<#as fi"ed, deportation proceedings !ad$een started against t!e respondents;petitioners $e"o#< $ t !ad not $eenco&p"eted. In vie# of t!e non>co&p"etionof t!e proceedings, t!e 0oard ofCo&&issioners !as not rendered as 'etan' decision. T!e respondentsCa"acda's, t!erefore, are not $eingdeported. 0efore t!e 0oard reac!es adecision, it !as to cond ct a !earing#!ere t!e &ain iss e #i"" $e t!ecitizens!ip or a"ienage of t!erespondents. T!erefore, t!ere is not!ingso far for t!e co rts to revie#.

It is c"ear fro& t!e order co&p"ained oft!at t!e co rt $e"o# &isappre!ended t!ei&port of t!e #arrants iss ed $' t!eCo&&issioner !erein. Said #arrantsre2 ired t!e respondents to $e $ro g!tto t!e i&&igration a t!orities, not to $edeported, $ t 8to s!o# ca se, if an'

t!ere $e, #!' !e s!o "d not $e deportedfro& t!e %!i"ippines8, as e7press"'recited t!erein. T!ere #as no case of8s &&ari"' arresting and deporting8 t!erespondents Ca"acda's, asn#arranted"' ass &ed $' t!e co rt

$e"o#.

T!e Ca"acda's !ave a"" ded in t!is Co rtto certain doc &ents in s pport of t!eirc"ai& to %!i"ippine citizens!ip. T!e properproced re is for said respondents toappear $efore t!e I&&igration officia"sand t!ere s $&it t!ese doc &ents asevidence on t!eir part to s!o# ca se #!'t!e' s!o "d not $e deported.

IN VIEW )B T E B)REG)ING, t!e #ritpra'ed for is !ere$' granted, t!e orderiss ed in Civi" Case No. :6 6: of t!eCo rt of Birst Instance of Mani"a is setaside, and t!e proceedings ordereddiscontin ed. 0 t t!e #arrants of arrest!eretofore iss ed $' t!e petitioner,I&&igration Co&&issioner, against!erein respondents Ca"acda's aredec"ared n "" and void, #it!o t pre= diceto said respondents $eing re2 ired tof rnis! $onds in s c! reasona$"e s &s ast!e I&&igration Co&&issioners &a' fi7,in order to g arantee t!eir appearance att!e !earings and ot!er proceedings int!eir case, nti" fina" deter&ination oft!eir rig!t to sta' in t!e %!i"ippines

%LDT v. %SC

EVANGELISTA v. ?ARENCIO

FACTS%

T!is is an origina" action for certiorari andpro!i$ition #it! pre"i&inar' in= nction,nder R "e :/ of t!e R "es of Co rt,

see3ing to ann " and set aside t!e orderof respondent * dge, t!e onora$"ei"arion *. *arencio, %residing * dge of t!eCo rt of Birst Instance of Mani"a, dated

* "' -, - :@, in Civi" Case No. +556/,

EH +, Pa ( +,



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSentit"ed 8Bernando Mana"astas vs. Sec.Ra&on D. 0agatsing, etc

% rs ant to !is specia" po#ers and d tiesnder Section : of t!e RevisedAd&inistrative Code, 1 t!e %resident oft!e %!i"ippines created t!e %residentia"Agenc' on Refor&s and Govern&ent)perations ;%ARG)< nder E7ec tive)rder No. of *an ar' +, - ::. 2

% rposed"', !e c!arged t!e Agenc' #it!t!e fo""o#ing f nctions andresponsi$i"ities( 5

$. To investigate a"" activitiesinvo"ving or affecting i&&ora"practices, graft and corr ptions,s& gg"ing ;p!'sica" or tec!nica"<,"a#"essness, s $version, and a"" ot!eractivities #!ic! are pre= dicia" to t!egovern&ent and t!e p $"ic interests,and to s $&it properreco&&endations to t!e %resident oft!e %!i"ippines.c. To investigate cases of graft andcorr ption and vio"ations of Rep $"icActs Nos. -5+ and 56- , and gat!ernecessar' evidence to esta$"is! pri&afacie, acts of graft and ac2 isition ofn"a#f ""' a&assed #ea"t! ... .!. To receive and eva" ate, and tocond ct fact>finding investigations ofs#orn co&p"aints against t!e acts,cond ct or $e!avior of an' p $"icofficia" or e&p"o'ee and to fi"e andprosec te t!e proper c!arges #it! t!eappropriate agenc'.

Bor a rea"istic perfor&ance of t!esef nctions, t!e %resident vested in t!eAgenc' a"" t!e po#ers of an investigatingco&&ittee nder Sections +- and /@6 oft!e Revised Ad&inistrative Code,inc" ding t!e po#er to s &&on#itnesses $' s $poena or s $poenaduces tecum , ad&inister oat!s, ta3etesti&on' or evidence re"evant to t!einvestigation. +

W!ere pon, on * ne +, - :@, petitioneririco Evange"ista, as 1ndersecretar' of

t!e Agenc', iss ed to respondent

Bernando Mana"astas, t!en Acting Cit'% $"ic Service )fficer of Mani"a, as $poena ad testificandum co&&anding!i& 8to $e and appear as #itness at t!e)ffice of t!e %RESIDENTIAL AGENCP )NREB)RMS AND G)VERNMENT)%ERATI)NS ... t!en and t!ere to dec"areand testif' in a certain investigationpending t!erein.8

ISSUE%

W!et!er t!e Agenc', acting t!r itsofficia"s, en=o's t!e a t!orit' to iss es $poenas in its cond ct of fact>findinginvestigations.

HELD% PES.

It !as $een essa'ed t!at t!e "ife $"ood oft!e ad&inistrative process is t!e f"o# offact, t!e gat!ering, t!e organization andt!e ana"'sis of evidence. 3 Investigationsare sef " for a"" ad&inistrative f nctions,not on"' for r "e &a3ing, ad= dication,and "icensing, $ t a"so for prosec ting,for s pervising and directing, fordeter&ining genera" po"ic', forreco&&ending, "egis"ation, and forp rposes no &ore specific t!ani"" &inating o$sc re areas to find o t#!at if an't!ing s!o "d $e done. @ Anad&inistrative agenc' &a' $e a t!orizedto &a3e investigations, not on"' inproceedings of a "egis"ative or = dicia"nat re, $ t a"so in proceedings #!oseso"e p rpose is to o$tain infor&ationpon #!ic! f t re action of a "egis"ativeor = dicia" nat re &a' $e ta3en " and&a' re2 ire t!e attendance of #itnessesin proceedings of a p re"' investigator'nat re. It &a' cond ct genera" in2 iriesinto evi"s ca""ing for correction, and toreport findings to appropriate $odies and&a3e reco&&endations for actions. 1,

We recognize t!at in t!e case $efore 1s,petitioner Agenc' dra#s its s $poenapo#er fro& E7ec tive )rder No. , para./ #!ic!, in an effect ating &ood,e&po#ered it to 8s &&on #itness,

EH +, Pa ( +1



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSad&inister oat!s, and ta3e testi&on're"evant to t!e investigation8 11 #it! t!ea t!orit' 8to re2 ire t!e prod ction ofdoc &ents nder a s $poena ducestecum or ot!er#ise, s $=ect in a""respects to t!e sa&e restrictions and2 a"ifications as app"' in = dicia"proceedings of a si&i"ar c!aracter.8 12

S c! s $poena po#er operates ine*tenso to a"" t!e f nctions of t!e Agenc'as "aid o t in t!e afore2 oted s $>paragrap!s ;$<,;e<, and ;!<. It is not$ordered $' nor is it &ere"' e7ercisa$"e,as respondents #o "d !ave it, in 2 asi>

= dicia" or ad= dicator' f nction nders $>paragrap! ;$<. T!e f nctionsen &erated in a"" t!ese s $>paragrap!s;$<, ;e<, and ;!< inter"in3 or intert#ine#it! one anot!er #it! t!e principa" ai&of &eeting t!e ver' p rpose of t!ecreation of t!e Agenc', #!ic! is toforesta"" and erode nefario s activitiesand ano&a"ies in t!e civi" service. To!o"d t!at t!e s $poena po#er of t!eAgenc' is confined to &ere 2 asi>= dicia"or ad= dicator' f nctions #o "d t!ereforei&peri" or inactiviate t!e Agenc' in itsinvestigator' f nctions nder s $>paragrap!s ;e< and ;!<. More t!an t!at,t!e ena$"ing a t!orit' itse"f ;E7ec tive)rder No. , para. /< fi7es no distinction#!en and in #!at f nction s!o "d t!es $poena po#er $e e7ercised. Si&i"ar"',We see no reason to depart fro& t!eesta$"is!ed r "e t!at for$idsdifferentiation #!en t!e "a# itse"f &a3esnone.

T!ere is no do $t t!at t!e fact>findinginvestigations $eing cond cted $' t!eAgenc' pon s#orn state&entsi&p"icating certain p $"ic officia"s of t!eCit' Govern&ent of Mani"a in ano&a"o stransactions 25 fa"" #it!in t!e Agenc' ssp!ere of a t!orit' and t!at t!einfor&ation so g!t to $e .

CIVIL AERONAUTICS BOARD /$.PHILIPPINE AIR LINES! INC.

G.R. No. L-+,2+ 1"3 A&r)* 5,

Fac#$%

T!e %!i"ippine Air"ines Inc provides $ot!do&estic and internationa" air service. Inits do&estic service %AL provides, a&ongot!ers, services $et#een T g egaraoand Mani"a ;designated as B"ig!t 4-5<and $et#een 0ag io and Mani"a;designated as B"ig!t 46/<.

)n Ma' -4, - +6, %AL !ad an e7cess oft#ent' ;46< passengers fro& 0ag io toMani"a #!o cannot $e acco&&odated inits reg "ar f"ig!t. To acco&&odate t!eset#ent' passengers, %AL re2 ired t!eaircraft operating B"ig!t 4-5 ;T g egaraoto Mani"a< to pass 0ag io Cit' on its #a'to Mani"a and pic3 p t!ese passengers.B"ig!t 4-5 at t!at ti&e #as carr'ing on"'five ;/< passengers.

C"ai&ing t!at %AL s!o "d !ave firsto$tained t!e per&ission of t!e CIVILAER)NA1TICS 0)ARD ;CA0< $eforeoperating t!e f"agstop and t!at s c!fai" re is a vio"ation of Rep $"ic Act No.++:, t!e CA0 i&posed a fine of%/,666.66 pon %AL in a reso" tion. 1pon&otion for reconsideration fi"ed $' %AL,t!e CA0 red ced t!e fine to %4,/66.66

%AL, in its &otion for reconsideration,arg ed t!at t!ere is not!ing in Rep $"icAct No. ++: in genera", nor in Section4;3< t!ereof in partic "ar, #!ic!e7press"' e&po#ers CA0 to i&pose afine and order its pa'&ent in t!e &annerp rs ed in t!is case and nder CA0Reso" tion No. -6 ;+6<. It f rt!erstressed t!at 8t!e po#er and a t!orit' toi&pose fines and pena"ties is a = dicia"f nction e7ercised t!ro g! t!e reg "arco rts of = stice, and t!at s c! po#erand a t!orit' cannot $e de"egated to t!eCivi" Aerona tics 0oard &' &erei&p"ication or interpretation8.

I$$4(%

EH +, Pa ( +2



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSecono&ic condition in, s c!transportation, and to i&prove t!ere"ation $et#een, and coordinatetransportation $', air carriers?

;f< To pro&ote safet' of f"ig!t in airco&&erce in t!e %!i"ippines

T!e CA0 !as t!e po#er to 8investigate,pon co&p"aint or pon its o#n initiative,#!et!er an' individ a" or air carrier,do&estic or foreign, is vio"ating an'provision of t!is act, or t!e r "es andreg "ations iss ed t!ere nder, and s!a""ta3e s c! action, consistent #it! t!eprovisions of t!is Act, as &a' $enecessar' to prevent f rt!er vio"ation ofs c! provision, or r "es and reg "ationsso iss ed8 ;Section -6;D< Rep $"ic Act++:<.

Li3e#ise, t!e CA0 !as t!e po#er to8revie#, revise, reverse, &odif' or affir&on appea" an' ad&inistrative decision ororder8 of t!e Civi" Aerona ticsAd&inistrator on &atters pertaining to8i&position of civi" pena"t' or fine inconnection #it! t!e vio"ation of an'provision of t!is Act or r "es andreg "ations iss ed t!ere nder.8 It !as t!epo#er a"so 8eit!er on its o#n initiative orpon revie# on appea" fro& an order ordecision of t!e Civi" Aerona ticsAd&inistrator, to deter&ine #!et!er toi&pose, re&it, &itigate, increase, orco&pro&ise, s c! fine and civi"pena"ties, as t!e case &a' $e.

ANTIPOLO REALTY CORPORATION v. THE NATIONAL HOUSING AUTHORITY

FACTS%

*ose ernando ac2 ired o#ners!ip overLot. No. -/, 0"oc3 IV of t!e %onderosaeig!ts S $division fro& t!e petitionerAntipo"o Rea"t' Corporation. )n 4@A g st - + , Mr. ernando transferred!is rig!ts over Lot No. -/ to privaterespondent Virgi"io Pson. o#ever, forfai" re of Antipo"o Rea"t' to deve"op t!e

s $division pro=ect, Mr. Pson paid on"'t!e arrearages pertaining to t!e periodp to, and inc" ding, t!e &ont! of A g st- +4 and stopped a"" &ont!"' insta""&entpa'&ents fa""ing d e t!ereafter. )n)cto$er - - +:, t!e president ofAntipo"o Rea"t' sent a notice to privaterespondent P son advising t!at t!ere2 ired i&prove&ents in t!e s $division!ad a"read' $een co&p"eted, andre2 esting res &ption of pa'&ent of t!e&ont!"' insta""&ents on Lot No. -/.

Mr. P son ref sed to pa' t!e Septe&$er- +4>)cto$er - +: &ont!"' insta""&ents$ t agreed to pa' t!e post )cto$er - +:insta""&ents. Antipo"o Rea"t' responded$' rescinding t!e Contract to Se"", andc"ai&ing t!e forfeit re of a"" insta""&entpa'&ents previo s"' &ade $' Mr. P son.Mr. Pson $ro g!t !is disp te #it!Antipo"o Rea"t' $efore p $"ic respondentN A.After !earing, t!e N A rendered adecision on Marc! - +@ ordering t!ereinstate&ent of t!e Contract to Se"".Antipo"o Rea"t' fi"ed a Motion forReconsideration asserting t!at t!e

= risdiction to !ear and decide Mr. Pson s co&p"aint #as "odged in t!ereg "ar co rts, not in t!e N A.

T!e &otion for reconsideration #asdenied $' respondent N A, #!ic!s stained its = risdiction to !ear anddecide t!e P son co&p"aint. ence, t!ispetition.

ISSUE%

W (# (r or 0o# NHA a$ ;4r)$')c#)o0o/(r # ( &r($(0# co0#ro/(r$7.

HELD%

NHA <a$ 4& (*' 87 # ( SC.It is $' no# co&&onp"ace "earning t!at&an' ad&inistrative agencies e7erciseand perfor& ad= dicator' po#ers andf nctions, t!o g! to a "i&ited e7tent on"'.Li&ited de"egation of = dicia" or 2 asi>

EH +, Pa ( ++



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTS = dicia" a t!orit' to ad&inistrativeagencies is #e"" recognized in o r

= risdiction, $asica""' $eca se t!e needfor specia" co&petence and e7perience!as $een recognized as essentia" in t!ereso" tion of 2 estions of co&p"e7 orspecia"ized c!aracter and $eca se of aco&panion recognition t!at t!e doc3etsof o r reg "ar co rts !ave re&ainedcro#ded and c"ogged. In genera" t!e2 ant & of = dicia" or 2 asi>= dicia"po#ers #!ic! an ad&inistrative agenc'&a' e7ercise is defined in t!e ena$"ingact of s c! agenc'. In ot!er #ords, t!ee7tent to #!ic! an ad&inistrative entit'&a' e7ercise s c! po#ers depends"arge"', if not #!o""', on t!e provisions oft!e stat te creating or e&po#ering s c!agenc'. In t!e e7ercise of s c! po#ers,t!e agenc' concerned & st co&&on"'interpret and app"' contracts anddeter&ine t!e rig!ts of private partiesnder s c! contracts.

S(c#)o0 5 o9 Pr($)'(0#)a* D(cr(( No." 3 , 3no#n as 8T!e S $division andCondo&ini & 0 'ers Decree8, statest!at Na#)o0a* Ho4$)0 A4# or)#7 . Q

T!e Nationa" o sing A t!orit' s!a""!ave e7c" sive = risdiction to reg "atet!e rea" estate trade and $ siness inaccordance #it! t!e provisions of t!isdecree. Pr($)'(0#)a* D(cr(( No. 15++ ,c"arified and spe""ed o t t!e 2 asi>= dicia"di&ensions of t!e grant of reg "ator'a t!orit' to t!e N A in t!e fo""o#ing&anner(

SECTION 1 . In t!e e7ercise of itsf nctions to reg "ate t!e rea" estatetrade and $ siness and in addition toits po#ers provided for in %residentia"Decree No. /+, t!e Nationa" o singA t!orit' s!a"" !ave e7c" sive

= risdiction to !ear and decide casesof t!e fo""o#ing nat re(A. 1nso nd rea" estate $ sinesspractices(0. C"ai&s invo"ving ref nd and anyother claims filed by sub3 di)ision lotor condominium unit buyer againstthe pro4ect owner, de)eloper, dealer,

bro'er or salesman5 andC. Cases in)ol)ing specific

performance of contractual andstatutory obligations filed by buyers ofsubdi)ision lots or condominium unitsagainst the owner, de)eloper, dealer,bro'er or salesman.

T!e need for and t!erefore t!e scope oft!e reg "ator' a t!orit' t! s "odged int!e N A are indicated in t!e second andt!ird prea&$ "ar paragrap!s of t!estat te. T!ere is no 2 estion t!at nder%residentia" Decree No. /+, t!e N A #as"ega""' e&po#ered to deter&ine andprotect t!e rig!ts of contracting partiesnder t!e "a# ad&inistered $' it andnder t!e respective agree&ents, as #e""as to ens re t!at t!eir o$"igationst!ere nder are fait!f ""' perfor&ed.

RADIO COMMUNICATIONS OF THEPHILIPPINES! INC. RCPI

vs. NATIONALTELECOMMUNICATIONS

COMMISSION NTC a0' ?UAN A.ALEGRE

G.R. No. "5253 No/( 8(r 6! 1""2

Fac#$%

%rivate respondent * an A. A"egre s #ife,Dr. *i&ena A"egre, sent t#o ;4< R1Ste"egra&s t!ro g! petitioner RC%I sfaci"ities in Taft Ave., Mani"a at (66 int!e &orning of -+ Marc! - @ to !issister and $rot!er>in>"a# in Va"encia,0o!o" and anot!er sister>in>"a# inEspirit , I"ocos Norte. 0ot! te"egra&s did not reac! t!eirdestinations on t!e e7pected dates. So,private respondent fi"ed a "etter>co&p"aint against RC%I #it! Nationa"

Te"eco&& nications Co&&ission ;NTC<for poor service, #it! a re2 est for t!ei&position of t!e appropriate p nitivesanction against t!e co&pan'. Ta3ingcognizance of t!e co&p"aint, NTC

EH +, Pa ( +



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSdirected RC%I to ans#er t!e co&p"aintand set t!e initia" !earing.

NTC !e"d t!at RC%I #as ad&inistrative"'"ia$"e for deficient and inade2 ateservice nder Section - ;a< of C.A. - :and i&posed t!e pena"t' of fine pa'a$"e#it!in t!irt' ;56< da's fro& receipt in t!eaggregate a&o nt of one t!o sandpesos.

ence, RC%I fi"ed t!is petition for revie#invo3ing C.A. - : Sec. - ;a< #!ic! "i&itst!e = risdiction of t!e % $"ic ServiceCo&&ission ;prec rsor of t!e NTC< to t!efi7ing of rates.

ISSUE%

W!et!er or not % $"ic ServiceCo&&ission ;prec rsor of t!e NTC< !as

= risdiction to i&pose fines

HELD%

T!e decision appea"ed fro& is reversedand set aside for "ac3 of = risdiction oft!e NTC to render it.

NTC !as no = risdiction to i&pose a fine.1nder Section 4- of C. A. - :, asa&ended, t!e Co&&ission #ase&po#ered to i&pose an ad&inistrativefine in cases of vio"ation of or fai" re $' ap $"ic service to co&p"' #it! t!e ter&sand conditions of an' certificate or an'orders, decisions or reg "ations of t!eCo&&ission. %etitioner operated nder a"egis"ative franc!ise, so t!ere #ere noter&s nor conditions of an' certificateiss ed $' t!e Co&&ission to vio"ate.Neit!er #as t!ere an' order, decision orreg "ation fro& t!e Co&&issionapp"ica$"e to petitioner t!at t!e "atter!ad a""eged"' vio"ated, diso$e'ed, defiedor disregarded. No s $stantia" c!ange !as $een $ro g!ta$o t $' E7ec tive )rder No. / :invo3ed $' t!e So"icitor Genera" s )ffice

to $o"ster NTC s = risdiction. T!eE7ec tive )rder is not an e7p"icit grant ofpo#er to i&pose ad&inistrative fines onp $"ic service ti"ities, inc" dingte"egrap!ic agencies, #!ic! !ave fai"edto render ade2 ate service tocons &ers. Neit!er !as it e7panded t!ecoverage of t!e s pervisor' andreg "ator' po#er of t!e agenc'. T!ereappears to $e no a"ternative $ t toreiterate t!e sett"ed doctrine inad&inistrative "a# t!at(

Too $asic in ad&inistrative "a# to needcitation of = rispr dence is t!e r "e t!at

= risdiction and po#ers of ad&inistrativeagencies, "i3e respondent Co&&ission,are "i&ited to t!ose e7press"' granted ornecessari"' i&p"ied fro& t!ose granted int!e "egis"ation creating s c! $od'? andan' order #it!o t or $e'ond s c!

= risdiction is void and ineffective ;G"o$eWire"ess case<.

EP>A /$. CHR! (#. A*G.R. No. 1,1+36 A&r)* 1+! 1""2

Fac#$%

E% A ;petitioner< p rc!ase a parce" of"and fro& Bi"oi" Refiner' Corporation, and$efore petitioner co "d ta3e possessionof t!e area, severa" individ a"s !adentered t!e pre&ises and p"antedagric "t ra" prod cts t!erein #it!o tper&ission fro& E% A or its predecessor,Bi"oi". E% A paid a %-6,666>financia">assistance to t!ose #!o accepted t!esa&e and signed 2 itc"ai&s. A&ongt!e& #ere private respondents;TERESITA VALLES, L)RET) ALEDIA<. Ten'ears "ater, respondent Teresita, Loretoand %edro, fi"ed in t!e respondentCo&&ission on &an Rig!ts ;C R< a

=oint co&p"aint pra'ing for 8= stice andot!er re"iefs and re&edies8. A""eged int!eir co&p"aint #as t!e infor&ation t!atE% A $ ""dozed t!e area #it! acts invio"ation of t!eir ! &an rig!ts. C Riss ed an )rder of in= nctionco&&anding E% A to desist fro&

EH +, Pa ( +6



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSco&&itting s c! acts . T#o #ee3s "ater,E% A again $ ""dozed t!e area. T!e'a""eged"' !andc ffed private respondent

Teresita Va""es, pointed t!eir firear&s att!e ot!er respondents, and fired a s!ot int!e air. C R C!air&an Mar' Concepcion0a tista iss ed anot!er in= nction )rderreiterating !er first order and e7pandedit to inc" de t!e Secretar' of % $"icWor3s and ig!#a's, t!e contractors,and t!eir s $ordinates.E% A fi"ed in t!e C R a &otion to "ift t!e)rder of In= nction for "ac3 of a t!orit' toiss e in= nctive #rits and te&porar'restraining orders, $ t sa&e #as denied$' t!e Co&&ission ;C R<.

ence, E% A, fi"ed in SC t!is specia" civi"action of certiorari and pro!i$ition #it! apra'er for t!e iss ance of a restrainingorder andKor pre"i&inar' in= nction,a""eging t!at t!e C R acted in e7cess ofits = risdiction and #it! grave a$ se ofdiscretion. A te&porar' restraining order;TR)< #as iss ed ordering t!e C R tocease and desist fro& enforcing andKori&p"e&enting t!e 2 estioned in= nctionorders.

In its co&&ent on t!e petition, t!e C Ras3ed for t!e i&&ediate "ifting of t!erestraining order. T!e C R contends t!atitJs principa" f nction nder Section -@,Art. -5 of t!e - @+ Constit tion, 8is not"i&ited to &ere investigation8 $eca se itis &andated, a&ong ot!ers to pro)ideappropriate legal measures for the

protection of human rights of all persons#it!in t!e %!i"ippines, as #e"" as Bi"ipinosresiding a$road, and pro)ide for

pre)enti)e measures and legal aidser)ices to the under pri)ileged whosehuman rights ha)e been )iolated or need

protection .

I$$4(%

W)N C R !ave = risdiction to iss e a #ritof in= nction or restraining order againsts pposed vio"ators of ! &an rig!ts, to

co&pe" t!e& to cease and desist fro&contin ing t!e acts co&p"ained of.

H(*'%

%etition for certiorari and pro!i$ition isGRANTED. T!e orders of in= nction iss ed$' t!e respondent Co&&ission on&an Rig!t are ANN1LLED and SET

ASIDE and t!e TR) #!ic! t!is Co rtiss ed is &ade %ERMANENT.

In on. Isidro Cari o, et a". vs.Co&&ission on &an Rig!ts, et a"., #e!e"d t!at t!e C R is not a co rt of = sticenor even a 2 asi>= dicia" $od'.

HT!e &ost t!at &a' $e conceded to t!eCo&&ission in t!e #a' of ad= dicativepo#er is t!at it &a' investigate, i.e.,receive evidence and &a3e findings offact as regards c"ai&ed ! &an rig!tsvio"ations invo"ving civi" and po"itica"rig!ts. 0 t fact>finding is notad= dication, and cannot $e "i3ened tot!e = dicia" f nction of a co rt of = stice,or even a 2 asi>= dicia" agenc' or officia".

T!e f nction of receiving evidence andascertaining t!erefro& t!e facts of acontrovers' is not a = dicia" f nction,proper"' spea3ing. To $e considereds c!, t!e fac "t' of receiving evidenceand &a3ing fact a" conc" sions in acontrovers' & st $e acco&panied $' t!ea t!orit' of app"'ing t!e "a# to t!osefact a" conc" sions to t!e end t!at t!econtrovers' &a' $e decided ordeter&ined a t!oritative"', fina""' anddefinite"', s $=ect to s c! appea"s or&odes of revie# as &a' $e provided $'"a#. T!is f nction, to repeat, t!eCo&&ission does not !ave.

T!e constit tiona" provision directing t!eC R to 8provide for preventive &eas resand "ega" aid services to t!enderprivi"eged #!ose ! &an rig!ts

!ave $een vio"ated or need protection8&a' not $e constr ed to confer

= risdiction on t!e Co&&ission to iss e arestraining order or #rit of in= nction for,

EH +, Pa ( +3



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSif t!at #ere t!e intention, t!eConstit tion #o "d !ave e7press"' saidso. :?4r)$')c#)o0 )$ co09(rr(' o0*7 87# ( Co0$#)#4#)o0 or 87 *a<:. I# )$0(/(r '(r)/(' 87 ) &*)ca#)o0.

T!e 8preventive &eas res and "ega" aidservices8 &entioned in t!e Constit tionrefer to e7tra= dicia" and = dicia"re&edies ;inc" ding a pre"i&inar' #rit ofin= nction< #!ic! t!e C R &a' see3 fro&t!e proper co rts on $e!a"f of t!e victi&sof ! &an rig!ts vio"ations. Not $eing aco rt of = stice, t!e C R itse"f !as no

= risdiction to iss e t!e #rit, for a #rit ofpre"i&inar' in= nction &a' on"' $e iss ed8$' t!e = dge of an' co rt in #!ic! t!eaction is pending #it!in !is districtF, or$' a * stice of t!e Co rt of Appea"s, or oft!e S pre&e Co rt. It &a' a"so $egranted $' t!e = dge of a Co rt of BirstInstance no# Regiona" Tria" Co rtF inan' action pending in an inferior co rt#it!in !is district.8 ;Sec. 4, R "e /@, R "esof Co rt<. A #rit of pre"i&inar' in= nctionis an anci""ar' re&ed'. It is avai"a$"e on"'in a pending principa" action, for t!epreservation or protection of t!e rig!tsand interest of a part' t!ereto, and for noot!er p rpose.

MARC)%%ER MINING C)R%)RATI)N v.01M)L)

FEDERICO S. SANDOVAL /$.COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS

FACTS%

%etitioner and private respondent !erein#ere candidates for t!e congressiona"seat for t!e Ma"a$on>Navotas "egis"ativedistrict d ring t!e e"ections !e"d on Ma'--, - @. After canvassing t!e & nicipa"certificates of canvass, t!e district $oardof canvassers proc"ai&ed petitioner t!ed "' e"ected congress&an. T!e petitionertoo3 !is oat! of office on t!e sa&e da'.%rivate respondent fi"ed #it! t!e

Co&e"ec a petition, #!ic! so g!t t!eann "&ent of petitioner s proc"a&ation.e a""eged t!at t!ere #as a ver$a" orderfro& t!e Co&e"ec C!air&an to s spendt!e canvass and proc"a&ation of t!e#inning candidate, $ t t!e district $oardof canvassers proceeded #it! t!ecanvass and proc"a&ation despite t!esaid ver$a" order. e a"so a""eged t!att!ere #as non>inc" sion of - e"ectionret rns in t!e canvass, #!ic! #o "dres "t in an inco&p"ete canvass of t!ee"ection ret rns. T!e Co&e"ec en $anciss ed an order setting aside t!eproc"a&ation of petitioner and r "ed t!eproc"a&ation as void. ence, t!is petitionfor certiorari see3ing t!e ann "&ent andreversa" of t!e Co&e"ec order.

ISSUES (

-. #!et!er t!e C)MELEC !as t!e po#erto ta3e cognizance of S%C No. @>- 5and S%C No. @> 46:S%C No. @>- 5 an 81rgent Appea" fro&t!e Decision of t!e Legis"ative District0oard of Canvassers for Ma"a$on andNavotas #it! %ra'er for t!e N ""ificationof t!e %roc"a&ation of Bederico S.Sandova" as Congress&an.8S%C No. @>46:. T!e petition so g!t t!eann "&ent of petitioner s proc"a&ationas congress&an. 4. #!et!er t!e C)MELEC s order to setaside petitioner s proc"a&ation #as va"id.

RULING%

)n t!e first iss e, #e p!o"d t!e = risdiction of t!e C)MELEC over t!epetitions fi"ed $' private respondent. T!eC)MELEC !as e7c" sive = risdiction overa"" pre>proc"a&ation controversies. As ane7ception, !o#ever, to t!e genera" r "e,Section -/ of Rep $"ic Act ;RA< +-::pro!i$its candidates in t!e presidentia",vice>presidentia", senatoria" andcongressiona" e"ections fro& fi"ing pre>proc"a&ation cases. It states( 8Sec. -/.%re>proc"a&ation cases Not A""o#ed in

EH +, Pa ( +@



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSE"ections for %resident, Vice>%resident,Senator, and Me&$ers of t!e o se ofRepresentatives. Q Bor p rposes of t!ee"ections for %resident, Vice>%resident,Senator and Me&$er of t!e o se ofRepresentatives, no pre>proc"a&ationcases s!a"" $e a""o#ed on &attersre"ating to t!e preparation, trans&ission,receipt, c stod' and appreciation ofe"ection ret rns or t!e certificates ofcanvass, as t!e case &a' $e. o#ever,t!is does not prec" de t!e a t!orit' oft!e appropriate canvassing $od' &otpropio or pon #ritten co&p"aint of aninterested person to correct &anifesterrors in t!e certificate of canvass ore"ection ret rns $efore it.8 T!epro!i$ition ai&s to avoid de"a' in t!eproc"a&ation of t!e #inner in t!ee"ection, #!ic! de"a' &ig!t res "t in avac & in t!ese sensitive posts. T!e "a#,nonet!e"ess, provides an e7ception tot!e e7ception. T!e second sentence ofSection -/ a""o#s t!e fi"ing of petitionsfor correction of &anifest errors in t!ecertificate of canvass or e"ection ret rnseven in e"ections for president, vice>president and &e&$ers of t!e o se ofRepresentatives for t!e si&p"e reasont!at t!e correction of &anifest error #i""not pro"ong t!e process of canvassingnor de"a' t!e proc"a&ation of t!e #innerin t!e e"ection. T!is r "e is consistent#it! and co&p"e&ents t!e a t!orit' oft!e C)MELEC nder t!e Constit tion to8enforce and ad&inister a"" "a#s andreg "ations re"ative to t!e cond ct of ane"ection, p"e$iscite, initiative, referend &and reca""8 and its po#er to 8decide,e7cept t!ose invo"ving t!e rig!t to vote,a"" 2 estions affecting e"ections.8

We no# go to t!e second iss e. A"t!o g!t!e C)MELEC is c"ot!ed #it! = risdictionover t!e s $=ect &atter and iss e of S%CNo. @>- 5 and S%C No. @>46:, #e findt!e e7ercise of its = risdiction tainted#it! i""ega"it'. We !o"d t!at its order toset aside t!e proc"a&ation of petitioner isinva"id for !aving $een rendered #it!o td e process of "a#. %roced ra" d e

process de&ands prior notice and!earing. T!e facts s!o# t!at C)MELECset aside t!e proc"a&ation of petitioner#it!o t t!e $enefit of prior notice and!earing and it rendered t!e 2 estionedorder $ased so"e"' on privaterespondent s a""egations.

% $"ic respondent s $&its t!atproced ra" d e process need not $eo$served in t!is case $eca se it #as&ere"' e7ercising its ad&inistrativepo#er to revie#, revise and reverse t!eactions of t!e $oard of canvassers.

We cannot accept p $"ic respondent sarg &ent.

Ta3ing cognizance of privaterespondent s petitions for ann "&ent ofpetitioner s proc"a&ation, C)MELEC #asnot &ere"' perfor&ing an ad&inistrativef nction. T!e ad&inistrative po#ers oft!e C)MELEC inc" de t!e po#er todeter&ine t!e n &$er and "ocation ofpo""ing p"aces, appoint e"ection officia"sand inspectors, cond ct registration ofvoters, dep tize "a# enforce&entagencies and govern&entinstr &enta"ities to ens re free, order"',!onest, peacef " and credi$"e e"ections,register po"itica" parties, organizations orcoa"itions, accredit citizens ar&s of t!eCo&&ission, prosec te e"ection offenses,and reco&&end to t!e %resident t!ere&ova" of or i&position of an' ot!erdiscip"inar' action pon an' officer ore&p"o'ee it !as dep tized for vio"ation ordisregard of its directive, order ordecision. In addition, t!e Co&&issiona"so !as direct contro" and s pervisionover a"" personne" invo"ved in t!econd ct of e"ection. o#ever, t!ereso" tion of t!e adverse c"ai&s ofprivate respondent and petitioner asregards t!e e7istence of a &anifest errorin t!e 2 estioned certificate of canvassre2 ires t!e C)MELEC to act as anar$iter. It $e!ooves t!e Co&&ission to!ear $ot! parties to deter&ine t!everacit' of t!eir a""egations and to decide

EH +, Pa ( +"



ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTS#!et!er t!e a""eged error is a &anifesterror. ence, t!e reso" tion of t!is iss eca""s for t!e e7ercise $' t!e C)MELEC ofits 2 asi>= dicia" po#er. It !as $een saidt!at #!ere a po#er rests in = dg&ent ordiscretion, so t!at it is of = dicia" nat reor c!aracter, $ t does not invo"ve t!ee7ercise of f nctions of a = dge, or isconferred pon an officer ot!er t!an a

= dicia" officer, it is dee&ed 2 asi> = dicia". T!e C)MELEC t!erefore, actingas 2 asi>= dicia" tri$ na", cannot ignoret!e re2 ire&ents of proced ra" d eprocess in reso"ving t!e petitions fi"ed $'private respondent.

T!e C)MELEC order dated * ne 4, - @in S%C No. @>- 5 and S%C No. @>46: isANN1LLED.

THE UNITED RESIDENTS OFDOMINICAN HILL! INC.

vs.COMMISSION ON THE SETTLEMENT

OF LAND PROBLEMS

FACTS

• T!e propert' $eing fo g!t over $'t!e parties is a -6.5:>!ectare propert'in 0ag io Cit' ca""ed Do&inican i""s,for&er"' registered in t!e na&e ofDip"o&at i""s, Inc.• T!e propert' #as &ortgaged to t!e1nited Cocon t %"anters 0an3 ;1C%0<#!ic! event a""' forec"osed t!e&ortgage t!ereon and ac2 ired t!esa&e as !ig!est $idder.• )n Apri" --, - @5, it #as donated

to t!e Rep $"ic of t!e %!i"ippines $'1C%0 t!ro g! its %resident, Ed ardoCo= angco. T!e deed of donationstip "ated t!at Do&inican i""s #o "d$e ti"ized for t!e 8priorit' progra&s,pro=ects, activities in ! &ansett"e&ents and econo&icdeve"op&ent and govern&enta"p rposes8 of t!e Ministr' of &anSett"e&ents.

• %resident Corazon C. A2 ino iss edE7ec tive )rder No. @/ a$o"is!ing t!e)ffice of Media Affairs and t!eMinistr' of &an Sett"e&ents. A""agencies nder t!e "atter ss pervision as #e"" as a"" its assets,progra&s and pro=ects, #eretransferred to t!e %residentia"Manage&ent Staff ;%MS<.• )n )cto$er -@, - @@, t!e %MSreceived an app"ication fro&petitioner 1NITED RESIDENTS )BD)MINICAN ILL, INC to ac2 ire aportion of t!e Do&inican i""spropert'.• )ME INS1RANCE G1ARANTPC)R%)RATI)N ; IGC< consented toact as originator for 1NITED. AMe&orand & of Agree&ent #assigned $' and a&ong t!e %MS, t!eIGC, and 1NITED. T!e Me&orand &of Agree&ent ca""ed for t!e %MS tose"" t!e Do&inican i""s propert' toIGC #!ic! #o "d, in t rn, se"" t!e

sa&e to 1NITED. T!e parties agreedon a se""ing price of %+/.66 per s2 are&eter.• %rivate respondents entered t!eDo&inican i""s propert' a""ocated to

1NITED and constr cted !o sest!ereon. %etitioner #as a$"e to sec rea de&o"ition order fro& t!e cit'&a'or.• 1na$"e to stop t!e razing of t!eir!o ses, private respondents, ndert!e na&e D)MINICAN ILL 0AG1I)RESIDENTS )MELESS ASS)CIATI)Nfi"ed an action for in= nction, in t!eRegiona" Tria" Co rt of 0ag io Cit',0ranc! . %rivate respondents #ere

a$"e to o$tain a te&porar' restrainingorder $ t t!eir pra'er for a #rit ofpre"i&inar' in= nction #as "aterdenied in an )rder dated Marc! -@,- :.• W!i"e Civi" Case No. 55-:>R #aspending, t!e ASS)CIATI)N, t!is ti&erepresented $' t!e Land Refor&0eneficiaries Association, Inc fi"ed aco&p"aint pra'ing for da&ages,

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ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSin= nction and ann "&ent of t!e saidMe&orand & of Agree&ent $et#een1NITED and IGC.• De&o"ition )rder No. -> : #ass $se2 ent"' i&p"e&ented $' t!e)ffice of t!e Cit' Ma'or and t!e Cit'Engineer s )ffice of 0ag io Cit'.o#ever, petitioner avers t!at privaterespondents ret rned andreconstr cted t!e de&o"is!edstr ct res.• To foresta"" t!e re>i&p"e&entationof t!e de&o"ition order, privaterespondents fi"ed on Septe&$er 4 ,- @ a petition for ann "&ent ofcontracts #it! pra'er for a te&porar'restraining order in t!e Co&&issionon t!e Sett"e&ent of Land %ro$"e&s;C)SLA%< against petitioner, IGC,%MS, t!e Cit' Engineer s )ffice, t!eCit' Ma'or, as #e"" as t!e Register ofDeeds of 0ag io Cit'. )n t!e ver'sa&e da', p $"ic respondent C)SLA%iss ed t!e contested order re2 iringt!e parties to &aintain t!e status quo .• Wit!o t fi"ing a &otion forreconsideration fro& t!e aforesaidstatus quo order, petitioner fi"ed t!einstant petition 2 estioning t!e

= risdiction of t!e C)SLA%.ISSUE

IS T E C)MMISSI)N )N T ESETTLEMENT )B LAND %R)0LEMSC)SLA%F CREATED 1NDER EOEC1TIVE)RDER N). /:- 0P T E )BBICE )B T E% ILI%%INES EM%)WERED T) EAR AND

TRP A %ETITI)N B)R ANN1LMENT )BC)NTRACTS WIT %RAPER B)R A

TEM%)RARP RESTRAINING )RDER AND T 1S, ARR)GATE 1NT) ITSELB T E%)WER T) ISS1E STAT1S 1) )RDERAND C)ND1CT A EARING T ERE)B9

ASS1MING T AT T E C)MMISSI)N )N T E SETTLEMENT )B LAND %R)0LEMS

AS *1RISDICTI)N )N T E MATTER, IS ITEOEM%TED BR)M )0SERVING A CLEAR

CASE )B B)R1M S )%%ING )N T E %ART)B T E %RIVATE RES%)NDENTS9

RULING

• C)SLA% is not = stified in ass &ing = risdiction over t!e controvers'. It&a' not ass &e = risdiction overcases #!ic! are a"read' pending int!e reg "ar co rts.

Section 5;4< of E7ec tive)rder /:- spea3s of an'reso" tion, order or decision oft!e C)SLA% as !aving t!e 8forceand effect of a regularadministrati)e reso" tion, orderor decision.8 T!e 2 a"ificationp"aces an n&ista3a$"ee&p!asis on t!e administrati)ec!aracter of t!e C)SLA% sdeter&ination, a&p"ified $' t!estate&ent t!at s c! reso" tions,orders or decisions 8s!a"" $e$inding pon t!e parties t!ereinand upon the agency ha)ing

4urisdiction o)er the same .8 Anagenc' is defined $' stat te as8an' of t!e vario s nits of t!eGovern&ent, inc" ding adepart&ent, $ rea , office,instr &enta"it', or govern&ent>o#ned or contro""ed corporation,or a "oca" govern&ent or adistinct nit t!erein.8

section 5;4< of E7ec tive)rder /:- patent"' indicatest!at t!e C)SLA% s dispositionsare $inding on administrati)e ore*ecuti)e agencies.

• %rivate respondents, in fi"ing& "tip"e petitions, !ave &oc3edo r atte&pts to eradicate for &s!opping and !ave t!ere$' psett!e order"' ad&inistration of

= stice. T!e' so g!t reco rse fro&t!ree ;5< different tri$ na"s in orderto o$tain t!e #rit of in= nction t!e'so desperate"' desired.

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ADMINISTRATIVE LAW CASE DIGESTSA scr tin' of t!e p"eadings

fi"ed $efore t!e tria" co rts andt!e C)SLA% s fficient"'esta$"is!es pri)ate respondents6

propensity for forum shopping.We "a' t!e pre&ise t!at t!ecertification against for &s!opping & st $e e7ec ted $'t!e p"aintiff or principa" part',and not $' !is co nse". ence,one can ded ce t!at t!ecertification is a pec "iar

personal representation on t!epart of t!e principa" part', anass rance given to t!e co rt orot!er tri$ na" t!at t!ere are noot!er pending cases invo"ving$asica""' t!e sa&e parties,iss es and ca ses of action. Int!e case at $ar, privaterespondents "itan' of o&issionsrange fro& fai"ing to s $&it t!ere2 ired certification againstfor & s!opping to fi"ing a fa"secertification, and t!en to for &s!opping itse"f. Birst, t!epetition fi"ed $efore t!e C)SLA%conspic o s"' "ac3ed acertification against for &s!opping. Second, it does notappear fro& t!e record t!at t!eASS)CIATI)N infor&ed 0ranc! of t!e Regiona" Tria" Co rt of0ag io Cit' $efore #!ic! Civi"Case No. 55-:>R #as pending,t!at anot!er action, Civi" CaseNo. 55@4>R, #as fi"ed $efore0ranc! :- of t!e sa&e co rt.Anot!er gro p of !o&e"essresidents of Do&inican i"", t!eLAND REB)RM 0ENEBICIARIESASS)CIATI)N, INC. initiated t!e"atter case.

119733869 Admin Case Digest

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Transcript of 119733869 Admin Case Digest