ONLINE RESOURCE 1

APPENDIX 1 ASSUMPTIONS – FIRE INFRASTRUCTUREAssumed cost for the fire system

Component: Fire System

Cost: £2,420,136 Estimated final cost (2009) – Primary data source

2009 USD: $3,787,3312002 USD: $3,175,867

Replacement every (years): 20Number of refreshes: 3

Total cost over 60 years, 2002 USD: $9,527,600Cost per kW of IT per year: 12.3 $/kW/year

System self-weight (kg): 3,271Number of refreshes: 3

Weight per kW of IT per year: 0.0127 kg/kW/year

Assumptions made in determining the components of the fire system inventory

Component AssumptionsFire system

Costing Cost taken from a project cost report.The cost given in the report is for the first stage of work. In the second stage it has been assumed that an additional 4 halls will be added along with a further Communications and Vendor Access Room. There will be less additional plant (in the ancillary areas) than in the first stage. As a result the cost for stage 2 has been estimated at 80% of the stage 1 cost. N.B. The fire system cost would include the cost of the pipework (modelled separately). In the first instance, and conservatively, no effort has been made to omit this cost as it is unlikely the fire system will be a model hotspot. Future modelling should improve this figure.

Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 334290 - Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing, and in particular ‘Fire detection and alarm system manufacturing’

Components Includes: sprinklers; alarms; smoke, flame and heat detectors; visual warning devices; manual break glass alarms; Vesda sampling points; MASDS smoke detectors; sub fire indicator panels; vesda compacts; pre-action sprinkler indicator panels;

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air maintenance units; vesda scanners.

Assumed weight for the pipework

Component: Pipework

System self-weight (kg): 42,529 Drawings (Primary data source)

Replacement every (years): 20Number of refreshes: 3

Total weight over 60 years (kg): 127,587Weight per kW of IT per year: 0.1649 kg/kW/year

Assumptions made in determining the pipework inventory

Component AssumptionsPipework Size Pipes range in size from 25 mm to 150 mm therefore an average of 90mm is assumed for all pipes

  Material PVC assumed for all  Specification Durapipe

size 3 class E 15 bar @20oC, self-weight = 2.13 kg/m

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APPENDIX 2 ASSUMPTIONS – EXTERNAL INFRASTRUCTUREAssumptions made in determining the external infrastructure inventory. Note specification and quantities taken from project specifications and drawings (primary data sources)

Component AssumptionCable 120/XLPE/SWA/LSF/Cu Cabling - modelled as a three conductor cableEthernet CAT 5 STP PVC pipe Class E 15 bar @ 20oC size 3 (2.13 kg/m) - page 28

Class E 15 bar @ 20oC size 1 1/2 (0.67 kg/m) - page 28 http://www.durapipe.co.uk/PDF/6/PVC-U%20Technical%20Brochure%20(Sept10).pdf Surface, harvested rain water pumped main assumed uPVC (no mention on dwgs.) Foul water assumed to be PVC.

Copper Gas main duct assumed to include copper pipework. Type K (3 5/8) - McQuay Refrigerant Piping Design GuideWeight = 5.12 lb/ft (7.62 kg/m) - page 49

Material densities Reinforced Concrete (normal weight): 2307 kg/m3 (BS 648 - 2% rebar assumed) MDPE (40 mm): 0.699 kg/m (BS 648 - extrapolation from pipe with 57.2 mm internal diameter, to 40 mm) MDPE (63 mm): 1.101 kg/m (BS 648 - extrapolation from pipe with 57.2 mm internal diameter, to 63 mm) HDPE (31 mm): 0.793 kg/m (BS 648 - extrapolation from pipe with 50.8 mm internal diameter, to 31 mm) HDPE (50 mm): 1.280 kg/m (BS 648 - extrapolation from pipe with 50.8 mm internal diameter, to 50 mm) HDPE (100 mm): 2.559 kg/m (BS 648 - extrapolation from pipe with 50.8 mm internal diameter, to 100 mm) HDPE (150 mm): 3.839 kg/m (BS 648 - extrapolation from pipe with 50.8 mm internal diameter, to 150 mm) HDPE (200 mm): 5.118 kg/m (BS 648 - extrapolation from pipe with 50.8 mm internal diameter, to 200 mm) (u)PVC (101.6 mm): 2.5 kg/m (BS 648 - Class C PVC assumed, 101.6 mm diameter)

Pipes and ducts 10% included for falls/dropsDucts 1 No. 100 mm Polyethylene duct (Polypipe Civils Rigiduct) assumed were no other ducts called up on the drawings. Communications It is assumed that in the second stage of the fit-out the communications cabling is doubledPipes 1 pipe per duct - assumed same size as duct (conservative)Ducts 2 cables per duct (assumed)

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APPENDIX 3 ASSUMPTIONS – PH INFRASTRUCTUREAssumptions made in determining the pipework inventory.

Component AssumptionPlastic pipework Material All plastic pipes assumed to be PVC

  Specification PVC-U Class E (15 bar). Size 2. 60.3 mm diameterhttp://www.durapipe.co.uk/PDF/6/PVC-U%20Technical%20Brochure%20(Sept10).pdf

Steel pipework Specification 40ST (t=.28 in) http://www.pipemarkers.com/pipe-data.php

Assumed costs for the soil and waste drainage system

Component: Soil and Waste Drainage SystemCost: £122,094 Spon's M&E 2011, page 127

Average exchange rate 2011: 1.604  2011 USD: $122,094  

Economic Index: 0.800  2002 USD: $156,646  

Replacement every (years): 20  Number of refreshes: 3  

Total cost over 60 years, 2002 USD: $469,938  Cost per kW of IT per year: 0.607 $/kW/year

System self-weight (kg): 400  Number of refreshes: 3  

Weight per kW of IT per year: 0.00155 kg/kW/yearAssumptions made in determining the PH infrastructure inventory.

Component AssumptionPackaged GRP sewage pump chamber Specificatio

n1200 mm chamber, 2500 mm deep, with duplicate macerator pumps.Comparable to the New Haden Pumps System

  Weight http://www.flygt.co.uk/131263.aspPump Weight Endincare, Autoflush 30XL

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Inspection chamber Weight 3.5 kg base + assumed 5 kg lidhttp://www.screwfix.com/p/floplast-d910-5-inlet-inspection-chamber-base-450mm-black/76369

HDPE pipework Specification Durapipe Akatherm HDPE, 110 mm outer diameter, 80.7 mm internal diameter

  Volume (PI()*(0.11/2)^2)-80.7/((10^2)^2)*1

Copper pipework Specification 2-1/8 - Copper

ABS pipework Specification Size 2 class E 217 psig (15 bar) - ABS

Pipework Drops 10% included to account for dropsSoil and waste drainage system Modelling The components are combined and modelled as one complete system  Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 127 (secondary data)

The Approximate Estimating - Elemental Costs have been used to assume a total cost for the Soil and Waste Disposal Installations. Cost/m2 of technical area = £14/m2. The technical area is based on 8 No. 1014 m2 data halls; 3 No. 111 m2 Communications rooms; and 3 No. 92 m2 Vendor Access Rooms. Technical area = 8,721 m2.

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 333911 - Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing, and in particular 'Pumps, industrial and commercial-type, general purpose, manufacturing'.

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Assumed costs for the remaining systems of the PH infrastructure inventory

Component: Process Water Services Leak Detection Tracing Rainwater Harvesting Domestic WaterCost: £209,304 £122,094 £137,257 £52,326

Year of cost: 2011 2011 2011 2011Average exchange rate: 1.604 1.604 1.604 1.604

USD (year of cost): $335,765 $195,863 $220,188 $83,941Economic Index: 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800

2002 USD: $268,536 $156,646 $176,100 $67,134Replacement every (years): 20 20 20 20

Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 3Total cost over 60 years, 2002 USD: $805,608 $469,938 $528,301 $201,402

Cost per kW of IT per year ($/kW/year): 1.041 0.607 0.683 0.260System self-weight (kg): 93,992 373 22,114 3,488

Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 3Weight per kW of IT per year

(kg/kW/year): 0.364 0.00145 0.0857 0.0135

Assumptions made in determining the remaining systems of the PH infrastructure inventory.

Component AssumptionLeak detection tracing

Costing Spon's M&E 2011, data centre example costing, page 128.The Approximate Estimating - Elemental Costs have been used to assume a total cost for the leak detection system.

Cost/m2 technical area = £14/m2. Technical area = 8,721 m2 (8 No. 1014 m2 data halls; 3 No. 111 m2 Communications rooms; and 3 No. 92 m2 Vendor Access Rooms).

  Weights Control panel - weight for Vimpex K200000 - weight for aqualarm could not be found. Point of use detector (STDi-24) - weight assumed from dimensions. Cable detection modules (CDBi-24) - weight assumed from dimensions. Sensing cable (CD-5) - http://www.etracetek.com/Documents/tt1000.pdf

Omissions Warning labels and floor clips omitted because they provide a small contribution to the overall mass.  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 334518/9 - Watch, clock and other measuring and controlling device manufacturing, and

in particular 'Gas/Water Leak Detection Manufacturing'.Domestic Costing Spon's M&E 2011 data centre example costing used - page 127.

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water The Approximate Estimating - Elemental Costs has been used to assume a total cost for the domestic water systemCost/m2 technical area = £6/m2. The hot and cold water services in Spon's include the process water services. The overall cost given is £23.50 per m2 of technical space. The domestic water installation is only a very small part of this and so 20% of the cost has been assumed with the remaining 80% accounting for the process water services. The cost per m2 has also nominally been increased to £30/m2 to account for the solar panels and use of reverse osmosis with the RWH system to ensure pure water for the humidifiers of the studied facility. Technical area = 8,721 m2 (8 No. 1014 m2 data halls; 3 No. 111 m2 Communications rooms; and 3 No. 92m2 Vendor Access Rooms).

  Materials When establishing costs all fixtures were assumed to be plastic, but could also be vitreous china or metal  Weights Wash basins - Ivo 550 mm Basin & Full Pedestal - 1 Taphole (Plumbworld).

Toilets - Ivo Close Coupled Toilet WC (Plumbworld).Expansion vessel and valves (80 L and 25 L) - assumed same as CNDW. Pressurisation unit - MP41 (middle size assumed) - http://www.aquatechpressmain.co.uk/Uploads/DS211Mp41Issue4150dpi.pdf Unvented HWS cylinders - Gledhill Stainless Lite Direct Stainless Steel Unvented Hot Water Cylinder (PlumbNation). Scale inhibitor unit - assumed 200 mm pipe dia. - JS-800 (Suprion) - http://www.aquaflow.co.uk/gfx/media/home/suprion/SUPRION-catalogue2010.pdf HWS Circulator - heaviest Groundflos assumed. http://www.plumbnation.co.uk/site/grundfos-ups40-80fb-hot-water-service-circulator-flanged/grundfos-hot-water-services-catalogue.pdf Air separator - Armstrong - Flexair 100 F. Assumed same as mechanical air and dirt separator. Solar panels - Andrews glazed flat plate SOL 250H. http://www.andrewswaterheaters.co.uk/products_details.php?product=SOLARflo Waterless trap - Hepv0. Weight assumed.Gas meter - weight assumed. Valves - same as mechanical infrastructure valves. Pumps - Wilo Ltd ST/7 solar pump. Tundish/strainer/temperature gauges/drain cocks - same as mechanical infrastructure.

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 333414 - Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) manufacturing, and in particular 'Heating equipment, hot water (except hot water heaters), manufacturing ' and 'Solar heating systems manufacturing'.

Process water services

Costing Spon's M&E 2011, data centre example costing, page 127The Approximate Estimating - Elemental Costs for hot and cold water services has been used to assume a total cost for the process water services. Cost/m2 technical area = £24/m2 (See comments in DW costing) Technical area = 8,721 m2 (8 No. 1014 m2 data halls; 3 No. 111 m2 Communications rooms; and 3 No. 92m2 Vendor

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Access Rooms).   Weights Back inlet gully, inspection chamber, drains, reverse osmosis unit, leak detection probes and all tanks - assumed

weights. Booster pump sets, water softening plant, strainers, UV treatment (heaviest assumed) and humidifier control taken from technical specifications. Valves, tundish, meters - as for those in the mechanical infrastructure. Hydraulic accumulators (25 L) - http://www.fchdirect.co.uk/bladder-accumulator-20-ltr-310-bar-nitrile-ce#tabs-information-2 Gauge weight assumed the same as meters. Meter assumed the same as valves. Hydraulic accumulator (500 L) - www.hydac.ro/resurse/Acumulatori.pdf (extrapolation from a 200 L tank) Pump set weights include valve, pumps, strainers and accumulators. Any overflows assumed part of the tank weights.

Humidifier manifolds

Assumed part of the mechanical infrastructure. Controls assumed part of the process water services.

Pipes Assumed 1-1/4 size steel pipe (40ST)  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 333319 - Other commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing, and in

particular 'Water treatment equipment manufacturing'. Rainwater harvesting (tanks, sumps, pumps)

Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 9Part 1 of Spon's M&E - Engineering Features - includes a detailed look at Rainwater Harvesting. This has been used alongside prices from the Approximate Estimating - Elemental Costs section (for the data centre example costs) to piece together a price for the system as a whole.Indicative costs are given based on an office in Leeds with a 2000 m2 roof area and an underground collection tank of 25,000 litres. Though the roof area of the data centre (27,040 m2) is far greater than the 2000 m2 above, the underground tank size is similar (40,000 litres). Any tank cost is therefore apportioned according to the tank size and any other installations on the roof size. System tanks and filters and controls - Unit Cost = £18,000 (additional 75% added to account for the stormwater attenuation tank). Mains water back-up and distribution pump arrangement = £4,000Connections to drainage - Unit Cost = £1,000Nb. It is assumed that the drainage itself - syphonic outlets and drainpipes are not included in the above costs. This is therefore taken from Approximate Estimating - Elemental Costs for Disposal Installations - Rainwater. This would include all drainpipes which are already accounted for in the pipework modelling. The Cost/m2 is therefore applied for gutters and syphonic outlets. As these are specialist pieces of kit, it is assumed that 75% of the cost/m2 covers these parts of the system.Disposal Installations - Rainwater - Unit Cost = £7.13/m2 of technical area (8,721 m2).

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  Weights Tank - Condor 40,000 L - class 2 shell (MAX 2.5-40000, although actually CHT 2.5-40000) http://www.conderproducts.com/home/default.aspx?id=1217&catId=1428&itemID=1503 Sumps - assumed the same as pumps. Pumps - taken from the technical specification.Valves - as for those in the mechanical infrastructure. Silt collection storage, float controls, control panel, syphonic rain water outlet (assumed steel), rainwater and weir overflows, syphonic breaks - all assumed weights Gutters - assumed 2 kg/mStorm water attenuator tank - 2 layers, 520 mm deep each, assume 36m x 12 m on plan (estimate) http://www.hydro-international.biz/stormwater/stormcell_performance.php

  Pump chamber

Assumed all concrete (brickwork ignored). Ring shaft ignored.Area on plan: ((2*4.05*0.35)+(3*2.1*0.35))*4.25

  Stormwater attenuator tank

Assumed online, two layers, gravel, air vent pipe, geotextile, 2 layers of stormcell, diffusion layer, perforated distribution pipes, impermeable membrane. http://www.hydro-international.biz/restricted/download.php Each stormcell is 2400 x 1200 x 120-520 mm deep

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 332420 - Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing, and in particular 'Water tanks, heavy gauge metal manufacturing'.

RWH Reinforced Concrete

Concrete Reinforced Concrete (normal weight): 2400 kg/m3 (BS 648 - 2% rebar assumed). Tank assumed rectangular for calculation of surrounding concrete(Dia.=2500; concrete = 300 beyond; length = 8500 mm)

  Steel Assumed 2% of the reinforced concrete weight.RWH Pipework

Material Drainpipes all assumed 160 mm diameter (internal) and 171.1 mm external diameter.250 mm (internal diameter) collection mains have a 432 mm external diameter.HDPE assumed. 945 kg/m3.Assumed 13.5 m vertical drainpipes without any bends.Collection mains include a 3 m length from the outlet to the mains.http://www.durapipe.co.uk/PDF/15/Akatherm%20Technical%20Brochure%20(Oct%2008).pdf

RWH Steel Accessories

Material Hanging system assumed steel.

  Drip trays and support

Assumed 10 mm thick. Continuous rail from which hanging rods are attached is assumed 30mm diameter. 1500 mm centres, 2 per location, 3 valleys (continuous rails)M10 Hanging rods: 1500mm centres, 4 per location, 3 valleys (hanging rods)Longest length of hanger assumed (M10 = 10 mm dia)

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APPENDIX 4 ASSUMPTIONS – IT INFRASTRUCTUREAssumptions made in determining the components of the IT infrastructure inventory.

Component AssumptionRacks Number Based on the total (peak) load per hall (2.3 MW) and load per rack (5 kW/rack) without exceeding the load/m2

(2268 W/m2). Number of racks = (load per hall)/(load per rack)  Self-weight Assumed.

HP 10642 G2 Rack (42U rack, height (m) = 42 x 25.4/1000) http://h18000.www1.hp.com/products/quickspecs/12402_div/12402_div.HTML#Technical Specifications(rack depth: 1m, rack width: 0.6m, rack height: 1m)

  Modelling Modelled as the chassis of a network mains device to reflect the power components in a rack and factored up (Ecoinvent process - Chassis, network main devices).Assumed the disposal included in the process refers to waste produce during the manufacturing stage.

Load/room Data halls Taken from design drawings2.3 MW/room

  Vendor access rooms

Taken from design drawings 209 kW/room

  Communications rooms

Taken from design drawings 252 kW/room

Cabling Length It was assumed that the length of cable per rack = the total of the rack height and length of room.  Self-weight Taken from the Ecoinvent process used to model the component (Cable, network cable, category 5, without plugs,

at plant/GLO U). Self-weight = 0.036 kg/m.ICT Mix Rack allocation based on data from Koomey, 2011, Growth in data center electricity use 2005 to 2010 (see Table 2

from Koomey, 2011 below).Assumed allocation per rack - servers (70%, 3.5 kW/rack, 10 No. U), storage (20%, 1 kW/rack, 2.9 No. U), networking (10%, 0.5 kW/rack, 1.4 No. U).

IT Power Utilisation 30% utilisation assumed from Fujitsu White Paper - Life Cycle Assessment and Product Carbon. Footprint Primergy TX 300 S5 and PRIMERGY RX 300 S5 Server (Fujitsu, 2010) (Barroso, 2009) (Koomey, 2007).

  Idle power 50% assumed (Ramakrishnan, 2012)  Rack density 5 kW/rack assumed

Average in the UK was found to be 4.22 kW/rack, but conservatively and for modelling, 5kW/rack assumed.DCD Focus, Volume 3, Issue 18, October/November 2011, page 86 (part of The 2011 Census, Energy and Monitoring six page special).

  Power The number of servers, storage and networking equipment populating the halls was based on the peak power (350 W per U) however; an actual power (228 W per U) was used for their power utilisation.

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  U 1U is assumed to be 350 W (peak power)Each component is 1U

Storage Weight The self-weight was based on the Ecoinvent process used to model the storage (HDD, desktop computer, at plant/GLO U) which gave a self-weight of 0.575 kg. As this is a desktop HDD, the self-weight was doubled to reflect storage in the data centre environment.

Networking Weight It was assumed that the self-weight was the same as the storage self-weight.  Modelling Ecoinvent process - Router, IP network, at server.Servers Weight The self-weight was based on the Ecoinvent process used to model the servers which gave a self-weight of 11.3 kg.  Modelling Modelled as a computer without a screen (Ecoinvent process: Desktop without screen, at plant).

Eventual disposal of the computer removed as it is included in the end-of-life modelling.Containment

Weight The containment (cold aisle containment) is assumed to provide doors at either end of an aisle, a roof over the racks (assumed to cover the 1.2 m space between facing racks and the depth of two racks (2 x 1 m) and a third of the height of the racks (0.33 m). It was estimated that the containment would therefore be a percentage of the weight of the racks. Assuming the containment is made of steel plate, a third of the rack weight was taken.

Total electricity used by data centers worldwide (2000, 2005, and 2010) (Koomey, 2011, Table 2)

IDC adj.Upper Bound Lower Bound

Equipment Units 2000 20052000-2005 growth No growth2010 (Case A) 2010 (Case B)

Volume servers BkWh 19.7 50.5 81.5 67.2Mid-range servers BkWh 6.7 6.7 7.3 5.1 Component Case A Case B

High-end servers BkWh 2.8 4.2 13 7.8 % Servers: 71.9 71.8Storage BkWh 2.8 7.5 24.2 19.1 % Storage: 17.1 17.1Communications BkWh 3.4 7.3 15.6 12.3 % Networking: 11.0 11.0

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APPENDIX 5 ASSUMPTIONS – MECHANICAL INFRASTRUCTUREAssumed costs for the mechanical infrastructure inventory

Component: Battery Cooling Chilled Water System Condenser Water System Free CoolingCost: £58,685 1801155.4 £696,017 £20,012,000

Year of cost: 2011 2008 2011 2009 Average exchange rate: 1.604 1.856 1.604 1.565

USD (year of cost): $94,143 $3,342,089 $1,116,551 $31,317,279Economic Index: 0.800 0.836 0.800 0.839

2002 USD: $75,293 $2,792,538 $892,987 $26,261,104Replacement every (years): 20 20 20 20

Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 3Total cost over 60 years, 2002 USD: $225,879 $8,377,613 $2,678,960 $78,783,313

Cost per kW of IT per year ($/kW/year): 0.292 10.827963 3.46 10290% for producer price ($/kW/year): 0.263 9.75 3.12 91.6

System self-weight (kg): 1,980 220,499 24,082 1,249,707Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 3

Weight per kW of IT per year (kg/kW/year): 0.00768 0.855 0.0934 4.85

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Assumed costs for the mechanical infrastructure inventory

Component: Motorised Control Dampers Pressurisation Radiant Heaters VentilationCost: £124,686 £21,000 £26,011 £130,282

Year of cost: 2011 2011 2011 2011Average exchange rate: 1.604 1.604 1.604 1.604

USD (year of cost): $200,021 $33,688 $41,727 $208,998Economic Index: 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800

2002 USD: $159,971 $26,943 $33,372 $167,151Replacement every (years): 20 20 20 20

Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 3Total cost over 60 years, 2002 USD: $479,914 $80,829 $100,117 $501,454

Cost per kW of IT per year ($/kW/year): 0.620 0.104 0.129 0.64890% for producer price ($/kW/year): 0.558 0.0940 0.116 0.583

System self-weight (kg): 6,927 204 8.8 50,621Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 3

Weight per kW of IT per year (kg/kW/year): 0.0269 0.000790 0.00106 0.196

Assumed pipe sizes and specifications for each material type

Material Average diameter (mm)

Assumed diameter (mm)

Self-weight (kg/m) Specification

Copper 46 54 3.07 Type K (2 1/8) McQuay refrigerant piping design guideSteel 136 168 28.2 40ST (t=.28 in) http://www.pipemarkers.com/pipe-data.php

ABS 90 114 3.59 ABS Class E http://www.durapipe.co.uk/PDF/1/ABS%20technical%20(March%202010).pdf

PVC 38 60 1.00 PVC-U Class E 15 bar http://www.durapipe.co.uk/PDF/6/PVC-U%20Technical%20Brochure%20(Sept10).pdf

MDPE 85 90 2.98 Wefatherm Fiber-pipe SDR 7.4 Technical submittal 90 x 12.3 mm

Assumptions made in determining the components of the mechanical infrastructure inventory.

Component Assumption

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Motorised control dampers

Costing Spon's M&E 2011 has manually controlled volume control dampers, but no motorised control dampers (i.e. with actuators). Some are fire rated and so the following piece of kit has been assumed for the 248 MCD plus individual damper actuators: Smoke/fire damper; galvanised steel casing; stainless steel folding shutter; fusible link and 24 V d.c. electro-magnetic shutter release mechanism; spring operated; BS 476 4 hour fire-rating Spon's M&E 2011, page 491Net price used - industry tender price, plus nominal allowance for fixings, waste and applicable trade discounts.

  Specification As above. Assumed size = 800 mm x 800 mm (sum of two sides = 1600 mm)  Quantity UPS room dampers taken from the specification for the AHU and relevant drawings.  Weight Taken from technical submittal - assumed the weight of a 1000 mm x 1000 mm damper (only value)Actuators Specification Damper Actuator with auxiliary switches, assumed from Spon's M&E 2011  Costing Net price from Spon's M&E 2011, page 688  Quantity Taken from technical submittals (UPS rooms). Plant room actuators assumed the same as the number of dampers.  Weight Taken from a technical submittal  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 334512 - Automatic environmental control manufacturing, and in particular 'Damper

operators manufacturing'.Chilled water system

Weight Dirt separators: Zeparo ZIK 300F (from technical submittal)

    Pump enclosures: Technical submittal. Assumes 12 fixings (valves, strainers, gauges) of 5 kg each and pump enclosure – 6 mm thick steel, 4085 x 2100 x 2000 mm.Steel self-weight = 7850 kg/m3 (galvanised steel) from BS 648

    Chillers: York Chillers - YCIV-SE-LS 1500 (large) and York Chillers - YCIV-SE-LS 0770 (small)Operation weight + refrigerant charge assumed. 12 No. large chillers and 2 No. small chillers

    Pumps: 37 kW @ 3000 rpm (Armstrong Pumps) - comparable to specification set out in the technical submittalhttp://www.armstrongpumps.com/Data/submitaldatas/Links/02_01_003/43.535UK_4300_50Hz_150-250A%286x6x10%29_Submittal.pdf

    Pressurisation unit: Taken from technical submittalPer unit - 1 No. dosing pot (26 kg), 2 No. controls (43 kg), 2 No. expansion vessels (163 kg), 2 No. buffer vessels (16 kg). Boss Dosing Pots (25 litres), Transfero TPV8.1 Controls, SD80.10 Pump Buffer Vessels

    Valves: VVF31.80-100 Valve - from technical submittal    Meters, drain cocks, gauges: Assumed the same weight as valves    Trace heating: Estimated     Strainers: From the technical submittal - the largest one assumed

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  Costing Costs were a mix of 2008 and 2011 values. As the biggest cost came from 2008 this was assumed for all costs.

    Dirt separators: Spon's M&E 2011, page 345, net priceActual in-line dirt separator has a nominal bore of connecting pipework of 450 mm (Mechanical Specification) but the table only gives up to 300mm therefore this was assumed.

    Chillers: Taken from the technical submittal    Pumps: All pumps and enclosures were combined to achieve a costing for 16 pumps.

Spon's M&E 2011, page 347, net priceCentrifugal heating and chilled water pump, belt drive, 100 mm pump size; 36 l/s at 550 kPa max head, 30 kW max motor rating (comparable to that specified)

    Pressurisation unit: Spon's M&E 2011, page 411, net price Chilled water content including appliances = 64,312 litres, therefore 65,000 litres assumed the 'system volume'. (Pressurisation units = 916 litres per unit = 1,832 litres total). Final working pressure of 4 bar a 3m static head and system operating temperatures of 6oC/12oC. Cost extrapolated from costs for units ranging from 1,800 litres to 27,000 litres.

    Valves: Spon's M&E 2011, page 334, net price. Assumed all are control valves, electrically operated: Cast iron; butterfly type; two position electrically controlled 240V motor and linkage mechanism; for low pressure hot water; maximum pressure 6 bar at 120oC; flanged ends. 150 mm diameter

    Meters: Spon's M&E 2011, page 345, net price. All assumed to be energy meters, although half are compact orifice flow meters and half are energy meters. Electromagnetic valves – 200 mm

    Drain cocks: Spon's M&E 2011, page 251, net price. All assumed to be DZR Combined stop/drain cocks, compression joints to copper (to account for the cost of some drain cocks being bigger, compression joints have been assumed)22 mm drain cocks

    Trace heating: Spon's M&E 2011, page 410, net price. Consists of: trace heating, 150 mm, helically wound cable; single capillary thermostat, 150 x 150 x 75 mm; and Connection junction box, 150 x 150 x 75 mm

    Gauges: Spon's M&E 2011, page 344, net price. Dial pressure/altitude gauge; bronze bourdon tube type; coated steel case and dial; glass window BS1780; screwed end.Pressure gauges – 150 mm

    Strainers: Spon's M&E 2011, page 340, net price. All strainers conservatively assumed to be 200 mm dia, Hattersley fig 810 cast iron 'Y' type (from technical submittal) Cast iron strainer; Y type; PN16; working pressure 16 bar from -10oC to 120oC; BS 4504 flanged ends.

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  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 333415 - Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing, and in particular 'Air-conditioning equipment (except motor vehicle) manufacturing '.

Condenser water system

Weight Dry cooler: 1 No. External free-blow with 8 fans and 1 No. Internal ducted with 8 fans.Weight taken from the technical submittal

    Test point: Assumed same as chilled water strainer    Valves, drain cocks, gauges, motorised control valves, MCW and MS: Assumed same as chilled water valve    Pumps: Assumed same as chilled water valve    Strainers: Assumed same as chilled water strainers    Tundish: Assumed same as chilled water strainers    Chemical dosing pots: Assumed same as chilled water dosing pots    Fill points: Assumed same as chilled water strainers    Pressurisation units:

Taken from the technical submittal. Weight assumed the same as the expansion vessel (with water make-up)    Air and dirt separators: Assumed Flexair 100 F

http://www.flamco.co.uk/flamco_uk/en/our_products/venting_equipment.ContentPar.21543.File.tmp/doc.eng.va.07.v061209.pdf

    Stulz CRAC units: Two weights given in the technical submittal - an average of the two values assumed.  Costing Dry cooler: Spon's M&E 2011, page 402, net price.

Dry air cooler; selection based on fluid temperatures 45oC on, 40oC off at 32oC dry bulb ambient temperatures; includes 20% ethylene glycol; includes placing in position; electrical work elsewhere.N.B. 1 of the dry coolers is 100% water and vertical; the other 2 are 25% glycol, flat bed. All are assumed flat bed (as above). From Mechanical Services Specification. Heat rejection (capacity) = 359.5 kW, for tables assume 500 kW, no inverter.

    Valves, test points, tundish, fill points, motorised control valves, MCW and MS: All modelled as valves. Spon's M&E 2011, page 334, net price. Assume all are control valves, electrically operated: Cast iron; butterfly type; two position electrically controlled 240 V motor and linkage mechanism; for low pressure hot water; maximum pressure 6 bar at 120oC; flanged ends.Control valve 150 mm.

    Drain cocks: Spon's M&E 2011, page 251, net price.All assumed to be DZR Combined sop/drain cocks, compression joints to copper (to account for the cost of some drain cocks being bigger, compression joints have been assumed). 22 mm Drain Cocks

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    Pumps: Spon's M&E 2011, page 347, net priceCentrifugal heating and chilled water pump, belt drive, 100 mm pump size; 36 l/s at 550 kPa max head, 30 kW max motor rating (comparable to that specified)

    Gauges: Spon's M&E 2011, page 344, net price. Dial pressure/altitude gauge; bronze bourdon tube type; coated steel case and dial; glass window BS1780; screwed end.Pressure gauges – 150 mm

    Strainers: Spon's M&E 2011, page 340, net price. All strainers conservatively assumed to be 200 mm dia., Hattersley fig 810 cast iron 'Y' type (from technical submittal)

Cast iron strainer; Y type; PN16; working pressure 16 bar from -10oC to 120oC; BS 4504 flanged ends.    Chemical dosing pots:

Capacity unknown and SPON's gives no value, therefore price from Accepta 2011 Catalogue used: http://www.accepta.com/dosing-pumps-control-equipment/accepta-dosing-pumps-control-equipment-catalogue.pdf 15 litres capacity, page 13

    Pressurisation units: Spon's M&E 2011, page 411, net price. System volume = 3000 litres (from the mechanical specification) - Assume same price as 4500 litres.

    Air and dirt separators: Spon's M&E 2011, page 346, net price. In-line combined microbubble deaerator and dirt separator (from mechanical specification, page 18 of 23); nominal bore of connecting pipework of 100 mm with flow rate of 14L/s (50.4m3/hr).Air and Dirt Separators, 100 mm, 49 m3/h.

    Stulz CRAC units: Spon's M&E 2011, page 127, elemental cost based on data centre example. Taken from the 'Approximate Estimating - Elemental Costs' section. Freestanding cooling units with redundancy of N+20% to technical areas. Based on single coil cooling units, 30% of units with humidification. Facility under consideration has 25% of units with humidification and two coils - chilled water and condenser water coils - therefore add 10% to price for additional coil.Cost/m2 (£366/m2) x technical floor area (1,218 m2 - 3 No. Vendor Access Rooms (and UPS rooms) – 92 m2; 3 No. Communications rooms (and UPS rooms) – 111 m2.

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 333415 - Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing, and in particular 'Air-conditioning equipment (except motor vehicle) manufacturing '.

Ventilation Weight Dampers, actuators: Modelled as motorised control dampers.     Attenuators: Assumed same as free cooling    Fans: Assumed all the same as UPS to battery room fans    Grilles: Assumed the same as floor grilles taken from structural components spreadsheet - 38.21 kg/m2.

Assumed to be 600 mm x 600 mm (average of those in the facility)    Supply and extract AHUs: Taken from the technical submittal for the generator room AHU

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  Costing Dampers: Assume motorised as above, therefore include 1 actuator per 2 dampers. Spon's has manually controlled volume control dampers, but no motorised control dampers (i.e. with actuators). Some are fire rated and so the following piece of kit has been assumed plus individual damper actuators: Smoke/fire damper; galvanised steel casing; stainless steel folding shutter; fusible link and 24 V d.c. electro-magnetic shutter release mechanism; spring operated; BS 476 4 hour fire-rating.: Assumed size = 800 mm x 800 mm (sum of two sides = 1600 mm) Pressurisation Units: Spon's M&E 2011, page 491, net price.

    Actuators: Spon's M&E 2011, page 688, net price. Damper Actuator with auxiliary switches

    Attenuators: Spon's M&E 2011, page 510, net price. An average ductwork size of 450 x 400 has been assumed from inspection of the ductwork takedown, therefore to fit with data in Spon's table a duct of 500 x 500 mm has been assumed. No technical specification can be found for the ventilation attenuators and so a length of 1800 mm has been assumed: Attenuator, rectangular ducts.

    Fans: Spon's M&E 2011, page 505, net price. Assumed in-line bifurcated fans (from technical submittal), required duty of 390 l/s @ 135 Pa (Static) therefore following assumed:Bifurcated fan; suitable for temperature up to 200oC with motor protection to IP55; including ancillaries, anti-vibration mountings, mounting feet, matching flanges, flexible connectors and clips; 415 V, 3 phase, 50 Hz motor; includes fixing in position; electrical work elsewhere.Fan, 400 mm; 1.97 m3/s @ 200Pa

    Grilles: Spon's M&E 2011, page 493, net priceAssume all supply grilles of 400 mm x 300 mm (mechanical specification)Grilles, supply, rectangular, 400 mm x 300 mm

    Supply and extract AHUs: Approximate estimating (all-in-rates).Flow rate of 1.38 m3/s assumed from technical submittal. The rates give a spread of £6000 - £8000/m3/s. This rate includes sound attenuation and dampers which have already been accounted for and LPHW pre-heater which is not included and so an average value of £7000/m3/s is assumed.

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 333415 - Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing.Battery cooling Specification Mitsubishi units - PKA-RP60FAL (indoor); PUHZ-RP50VHA3 (outdoor)

5 kW Nominal cooling capacity and 4.5 kW UK Cooling capacity (from technical submittal)  Weight DX Indoor units: taken from the technical submittal    DX Outdoor units: taken from the technical submittal    Condenser fans: assumed the same as the outdoor units

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  Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 415, net price6 of the Indoor DX Units have outdoor condenser fans rather than outdoor DX units, however, for the purpose of modelling all 30 indoor DX units are assumed to have outdoor DX units.Ceiling mounted 4 way blow cassette heat pump unit with remote fan speed and load control; refrigerant 470oC; includes outdoor unit. Nominal cooling/heating capacity assumed (shown above), nominal cooling capacity = 6 kW and nominal heating capacity = 7 kW: Split System, Cooling 7.1 kW, heating 8.2 kW

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 333415 - Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing, and in particular ' Room air-conditioners manufacturing'.

Pressurisation Specification Nuaire, Squrbo units, ESS6-E centrifugal fans, electric heaters, air filters, SIL-400 silencers  Weight Weights for separate components taken from technical submittal manufacturer specifications.  Costing Supply AHU: Spon's M&E 2011, page 415, approximate estimating (all-in-rates).

System considered as a wholeFlow rate of 1.38 m3/s assumed from technical submittal. The rates give a spread of £6000 - £8000/m3/s. This rate includes sound attenuation and dampers which have already been accounted for and LPHW pre-heater which is not included and so an average value of £7000/m3/s is assumed.

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 333415 - Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing, and in particular 'Air-conditioning equipment (except motor vehicle) manufacturing'.

Radiant heaters  

Specification All heaters have a 1200 W outputLocation Water storage tank room, sprinkler tank room, storage room, dry cooler plant rooms.Weight Assumed heat output of 1700 W. Weight taken from technical submittal - Elztrip EZ 217 1700w ceiling (3-10 m)

mounted radiant heater. http://www.puravent.co.uk/products/display.pl?sector=6&sectorname=heat&category=62&subcategory=421&product_details=8933&param=421

  Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 356, net priceCeiling mounted fan convector, 1195 mm long, 2 row 9.27 kW, 250 l/sec: Radiant heaters, ceiling mounted fan convector

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 333414 - Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) manufacturing, and in particular 'Heaters, space (except portable electric), manufacturing'.

Ductwork and insulation

Material Galvanised steel (ductwork). Mineral wool insulation (http://www.feta.co.uk/adcas/downloads/BG-10-2010%20Structural%20Fixings%20for%20Ductwork%20Systems.pdf )

  Specification All ductwork is assumed the same.Fire board is omitted.

  Size All ductwork is the same size: 450 mm x 400 mm (average of the ductwork sizes).

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  Weight Self-weight of 450 mm x 400 mm ductwork with 30 mm insulation = 17.7 kg/m (from ADCAS website). Self-weight of insulation = 134 kg/m3 (BS 648:1964 - 3.4 kg/m2/inch). Volume of insulation = ((2*(0.03*(0.45+0.06)))+2*(0.03*0.4)). Therefore:Self-weight of insulation = 7.31 kg/mSelf-weight of ductwork = 10.39 kg/m

  Height Any vertical lengths in the ductwork (i.e. between floors) are assumed to be 4 m.Pipework Lengths Refrigerant zones assumed to contain 2 pipes.   Sizes Refrigerant pipes 22 mm diameter.

Average diameters taken for each pipe material - see pipework table.  Insulation Specification: Phenolic foam insulation was actually used on pipework.

Modelled as mineral wool insulation in SimaPro.25 mm thick insulation to copper and steel pipework assumed. 134 kg/m3 used for mineral wool insulation (MWI) (BS 648:1964 - 3.4 kg/m2/inch)Therefore based on assumed diameters: MWI (copper) = 0.831 kg/mMWI (steel) = 2.03 kg/m

  Plastic Plastic pipe weights combined and modelled as PVC

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APPENDIX 6 ASSUMPTIONS – ELECTRICAL INFRASTRUCTUREAssumed costs for the electrical infrastructure inventory

Component: BMS Bulk Fuel Tanks Bulk Fuel Transfer Pumps CCTVCost: £2,877,135 £168,620 £14,502 £1,391,000Year of cost: 2009 2011 2011 2011Average exchange rate: 1.565 1.604 1.604 1.604USD (year of cost): $4,502,500 $270,500 $23,264 $2,231,441Economic Index: 0.839 0.800 0.800 0.8002002 USD: $3,775,571 $216,338 $18,606 $1,784,645Replacement every (years): 20 20 20 20Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 3Total cost over 60 years, 2002 USD: $11,326,714 $649,014 $55,817 $5,353,936Cost per kW of IT per year ($/kW/year): 14.6 0.839 0.0721 6.9290% for producer price ($/kW/year): 13.2 0.755 0.0649 6.23System self-weight (kg): 84,834 1,280,000 88 61.2Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 3Weight per kW of IT per year (kg/kW/year): 0.329 4.96 0.000341217 0.000237

Component: Distribution Boards Freight Lifts Gas Detection Gen SetsCost: £189,064 £255,424 £10,000 £5,992,031Year of cost: 2011 2009 2011 2011Average exchange rate: 1.604 1.565 1.604 1.604USD (year of cost): $303,296 $399,719 $16,042 $9,612,416Economic Index: 0.800 0.839 0.800 0.8002002 USD: $242,568 $335,185 $12,830 $7,687,745Replacement every (years): 20 20 20 20Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 3Total cost over 60 years, 2002 USD: $727,704 $1,005,554 $38,490 $23,063,234Cost per kW of IT per year ($/kW/year): 0.941 1.30 0.0497 29.890% for producer price ($/kW/year): 0.846 1.17 0.045 26.8

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System self-weight (kg): 234,000 10,000 24.3 400,000Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 3Weight per kW of IT per year (kg/kW/year): 0.907 0.0388 0.0000942 1.55

Component: Lighting Lights Lighting Presence Detectors Lighting Switches Motor Control Centres

Cost: £925,940 £20,703 £9,327 £555,010Year of cost: 2011 2011 2011 2011Average exchange rate: 1.604 1.604 1.604 1.604USD (year of cost): $1,485,393 $33,211 $14,963 $890,348Economic Index: 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.8002002 USD: $1,187,976 $26,561 $11,967 $712,075Replacement every (years): 20 20 20 20Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 3Total cost over 60 years, 2002 USD: $3,563,929 $79,684 $35,901 $2,136,226Cost per kW of IT per year ($/kW/year): 4.61 0.103 0.0464 2.7690% for producer price ($/kW/year): 4.15 0.0927 0.0418 2.48System self-weight (kg): 29,022 75.2 101 322,400Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 3Weight per kW of IT per year (kg/kW/year): 0.113 0.000292 0.000392 1.25

Component: PDUs Remote Power Panels Ring Main Units Small Power SocketsCost: £6,597,437 £542,952 £93,122 £15,719Year of cost: 2011 2011 2011 2011Average exchange rate: 1.604 1.604 1.604 1.604USD (year of cost): $10,583,608 $871,004 $149,387 $25,216Economic Index: 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.8002002 USD: $8,464,477 $696,605 $119,475 $20,167Replacement every (years): 20 20 20 20Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 3Total cost over 60 years, 2002 USD: $25,393,431 $2,089,816 $358,426 $60,502

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Cost per kW of IT per year ($/kW/year): 32.8 2.70 0.463 0.078290% for producer price ($/kW/year): 29.5 2.43 0.417 0.0704System self-weight (kg): 637,200 67,200 2,800 313.5Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 3Weight per kW of IT per year (kg/kW/year): 2.47 0.261 0.0109 0.00122

Component: Small Power Fused Connections

Switchboards and Switchgear UPS UPS Batteries UPS Battery

ChargersCost: £4,180 £2,162,317 £7,583,053 £351,886 £215,776Year of cost: 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011Average exchange rate: 1.604 1.604 1.604 1.604 1.604USD (year of cost): $6,706 $3,468,790 $12,164,733 $564,495 $346,149Economic Index: 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.800 0.8002002 USD: $5,364 $2,774,242 $9,729,018 $451,468 $276,840Replacement every (years): 20 20 20 10 20Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 6 3Total cost over 60 years, 2002 USD: $16,091 $8,322,726 $29,187,054 $2,708,805 $830,520Cost per kW of IT per year ($/kW/year): 0.0208 10.8 37.7 3.50 1.0790% for producer price ($/kW/year): 0.0187 9.68 34.0 3.15 0.966System self-weight (kg): 178.5 1,208,400 275,580 601,776 2,700Number of refreshes: 3 3 3 6 3Weight per kW of IT per year (kg/kW/year): 0.000692 4.69 1.07 4.67 0.0105

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Assumed costs for the generator sets

Component No. Cost (£) Total Cost (£) Self-weight (kg) Total Weight (kg)Gen set (including tanks) 20 288,666 5,773,317    Residential silencer 20 10,936 218,714    Gen set (not including tank) 20     16,000 320,000Day tank 20     4,000 80,000

Total: 5,992,031   400,000

Assumptions made in determining the components of the electrical infrastructure inventory

Component AssumptionGenerators Capacity 2300 kVA  Specification MT2300 generator  Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 552, net price for standby generator + residential silencer.

Generator: three phase, 400 volt, four wire 50 Hz packaged standby diesel generating set, complete with radio and television suppressors, day tanks and piping, 4 metres of exhaust pipe and exhaust silencer, control panel, mains failure relay, starting battery with charger, internal wiring, interconnections, earthing and labels. Residential silencer: performance 75 dBA at 1 m, including connection to exhaust pipe.

  Weight Generator (including all components apart from the day tank) weight taken from technical submittal. Day tank nominally estimated to be a 1/4 of this weight.

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 334515 - Electricity and signal testing instruments manufacturing, and in particular 'Generator sets, prime mover (except turbine generator sets), manufacturing'.

Bulk fuel tanks

Specification Underground cylindrical single component double skinned storage tank.80,000 litres gross capacity - Outer skin: 17,100 o/length x 2500 mm i/diameter, 4mm shell and dished ends 5 mm; Inner tank: 6 mm shell and dished ends 6 mm, steel plate, 2 x 600 mm manholes per tank - 8 total, 3 x internal stiffening rings - 12 total, and lifting lugs.

  Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 269, net priceSpon's has bulk fuel tanks of similar construction ranging from a capacity of 5600 litres to 20,000 litres. However they appear single skinned and not double skinned and do not go up to the 80,000 litres capacity required. The price from 5,600 litres to 20,000 litres will be extrapolated to 80,000 litres and an additional 50% added to account for the double skin and omission of controls. Price excludes pumps (calculated separately)Fuel storage tanks; 5mm plate mild steel to BS 799 type J; complete with raised neck manhole with bolted cover, screwed connections, vent and fill connections, drain valve, gauge and overfill alarm.

  Weight Assumed comparable to the 2,000 litre day tanks used in the generator sets (both double skinned). Weight extrapolated assuming 2,000 litre tank weighs 4,000 kg. A third of this value has then been taken because the

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relationship between capacity and weight is not linearly proportional.  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 332420 - Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing, and in particular 'Bulk storage tanks

and heavy gauge metal manufacturing'.Bulk fuel pumps

Specification Kral triple screw pumps, model KV55, aluminium, 5400 litres/hr diesel oil, discharge pressure of 2 bar, 1.5 kW motor, 2900 rpm (aluminium alloy fitted with nitride spindles, mechanical seal and internal bearings)

  Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 347, net priceThe only pumps in Spon's that fit the specification of the Kral pumps are centrifugal heating and chilled water pumps, belt driven or twin head belt driven. As the screw pumps are triple screw pumps, the cost of the twin head belt driven pump has been used.

  Weight Weight taken from the technical submittal - 1.5 kW pumphttp://www.kral.at/en/products/screw-pumps/screw-pumps-series-k/

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 333911 - Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing, and in particular 'Pumps, industrial and commercial-type, general purpose, manufacturing'.

Lighting - lights

Specification Lights are a mixture of indoor and outdoor units; some with single lamps and some with twin lamps; some with emergency lighting and some without. It is therefore assumed that all are 2 x 35 W HFACF Duralite T5, length 1500 mm, 6 kg. Nearest in Spon's is 1 x 49 W

  Emergency Back-up

35% of the lights have emergency back-up

  Costing Lights and emergency back-up: Spon's M&E 2011, page 639, net priceSuspended linear fluorescent; T5 lamp; high frequency control gear; low brightness; 65o cut-off; 30% uplift, 70% downlight; including wedge style louvre.

    Area control module: Spon's M&E 2011, page 645, net price Control equipment: the technical specification is unclear on the type of control module and so the area control unit has been assumed.

    Central supervisor controller: Spon's M&E 2011, page 645, net priceAssume the lighting control module is: central supervisor controller including software as mentioned on page 645 of Spon's

    Lighting control modules: Spon's M&E 2011, page 645, net priceTechnical specification shows parts called EBS-BT. It is unclear what these are and so it has been assumed that these refer to lighting control modules.Lighting control module; plug in; 9 output 9 channel dimming (DALI)

  Weight Weight of the lights was taken from the technical submittal for 2 x 35 W T5. It is assumed that this accounts for the control modules because some lights are single lamps (not double as used).

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 335110 - Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing, and in particular 'Fluorescent lamp tubes, electric, manufacturing'.

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Lighting - presence detectors   

Specification No specification found so conservatively the more expensive of the two options in Spon's was used.Universal presence detectors with photo cell; flush mounted.

Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 645, net priceWeight EstimatedModelling Modelled as NAICS sector 334512 - Automatic environmental control manufacturing, and in particular 'Light

responsive appliance controls manufacturing'.Lighting - switches

Specification Majority of switches are 1-way; conservatively 2 gang assumed. Metalclad assumed. 6 amp modular type switch; galvanised steel box, bronze or satin chrome coverplate; metalclad switches; flush mounting; one way; 2 gang

  Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 642, net price  Weight Assumed the same as the presence detectors  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 334419 - Other electronic component manufacturing, and in particular 'Switches for

electronic applications manufacturing'.UPS Specification Communications and vendor access rooms: MGE Galaxy 7000 UPS + 1 No. 320 kW module + 1 No. static

bypass switch. UPS rooms: MGE Galaxy 9000 UPS + 2 No. 720 kW modules + 1 No. static bypass switch + 12 Pulse cabinets

  Costing SPON'S M&E 2011, page 656, net price. Communication/vendor access rooms - 400 kVA module UPS rooms - 800 kVA modules

  Weight Taken from technical specification on APC website: Communication/vendor access rooms - http://www.apc.com/products/resource/include/techspec_index.cfm?base_sku=G7TUPS400&tab=compare UPS rooms - http://www.apc.com/resource/include/techspec_index.cfm?base_sku=Galaxy9000 (+ 12 pulse cabinets)

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 335999 - All other miscellaneous electrical equipment and component manufacturing, and in particular 'Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) manufacturing'.

UPS batteries

Specification Yuasa, sealed lead acid batteries (VRLA), SWL2500-12FR, 12 V, 90 Ah http://export.rsdelivers.com/product/yuasa/swl2500-12fr/swl-sealed-lead-acid-battery-12v-92ah/5113533.aspx

  Costing Battery cost quoted in technical data for 12 batteries: £252.61  Weight Weight taken from the Yuasa technical data  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 335911 - Storage battery manufacturing, and in particular 'Batteries, rechargeable,

manufacturing'.UPS battery chargers  

Specification CB Model Dual PCS17-110-6A-SC150-SL10Ah Input volts: 230 volts, +/-10%, single phase 50 Hz; Input VA=1100 VA; Output Volts=110 V nominal, charger output rate = 6 amps

Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 558, net price

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There is no technical specification for the battery chargers and so the most expensive from Spon's has been assumed.N.B. Cost includes fixing to background, commissioning and testing, however it only charges 110 volt; 38 Ah; 3 A (valve regulated) batteries therefore assumed the commissioning and testing costs account for the higher battery capacity (90 Ah).

Weight Nominally a self-weight of 50 kg has been assumed.http://www.powerpulse.net/techPaper.php?paperID=101&page=1

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 335999 - All other miscellaneous electrical equipment and component manufacturing, and in particular 'Battery chargers, solid-state, manufacturing '.

Switchboards Specification For the purpose of modelling, LV and HV switchboards are all assumed to be the same. They range from 800 A/1000 A to 3/4/5000 A with 65 kA and 80 kA breakers. It has therefore been assumed that they are all 4000 A with ACB (Air circuit Breakers) of 100 kA fault rated.There is no reference to the pole of the boards and so 3-pole (the cheaper of the two Spon's options) has been assumed as an overestimate has been used for the nominal rating (4000 A) PDU boards: 1000 A, Form 4 type 7, 65 kA fault rated. Assume 3-poleRemaining boards: assuming ACB-100 kA fault rated, 3 pole, 4000 A (1600 mm wide)

  Costing PDU boards: Spon's M&E 2011, page 625, net priceRemaining boards: Spon's M&E, page 624, net price

  Weight Figure 36 of BSRIA BG 9/2011 Rules of Thumb 5th Edition: Switchroom panels - operating weight, has been used to determine the self-weight. Capacity required.All assumed the same - 4000A 3 phase switchboards. Capacity = 90% safety factor * √3 * Vline * I (service breaker size) / 1000 Vline = 400 VI = 4000 ATherefore capacity = 2,494 kVA

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 335313 - Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing, and in particular 'Switchboards and parts, power, manufacturing'.

Ring main units (switchgear)

Specification 12 kV, non-extensible RMU, such as the SABRE VRN2a (Lucy Switchgear)Includes: earth, switch, non-automatic circuit breaker, switch disconnector and Earth fault passage indication http://www.lucyswitchgear.com/media/2443/sabre-vrn2a-technical-sales-brochure.pdf

  Costing Spon's M&E, page 557, net price  Weight Weight taken from technical data for SABRE VRN2a  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 335313 - Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing, and in particular

'Switchgear and switchgear accessories, manufacturing '.Motor control centre

Specification 400 VCosting The PDU cost was assumed.

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Weight A range of self-weights for 400 V MCCs were found: http://www.acontact.com/electrical/equipment/rental/STLVMCC Ranging from 1900 kg to 3300 kg therefore an average of 2600 kg was assumed.

Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 335314 - Relay and Industrial Control Manufacturing, and in particular 'Motor control centres, manufacturing'.

Distribution boards

Specification Distribution boards range from 100-250 A and are all 15 kA fault rated. Distribution boards and sub-distribution boards are all assumed to be HRC (High Rupture Capacity) fused distribution boards; IP4X external protection enclosure; including earth and neutral bars; fixing to backgrounds. The majority have 100 Amp incomers, 4/12 way, TP&N, therefore assumed: HRC fused distribution board, TP&N, 8 way 100 Amp.

  Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 632, net price  Weight Figure 36 of BSRIA BG 9/2011 Rules of Thumb 5th Edition - Switchroom panels - used to determine the self-weight.

Capacity required.All assumed the same – 100 A incomers, 3 phase switchboards. Capacity = 90% safety factor * √3 * Vline * I (service breaker size) / 1000 Vline = 400 VI = 100 ATherefore capacity = 62 kVA Nb. The chart was extrapolated to find the weight of a unit with capacity < 200 kVA

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 335313 - Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing, and in particular 'Switchboards and parts, power, manufacturing'.

Remote power panels

Specification 42 per data hall. 8 data halls. ABB manufacturer

  Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 625, net priceProject costing gave a combined cost that included: Switchgear/RPP's/ENMS. It is therefore assumed that the RPPs are similar in nature and cost to the sub-distribution boards above.

  Weight RPPs are single cabinets at the end of each row in the data hall, and are similar in weight to racks. Racks of 121 kg have been assumed and so nominally an RPP self-weight of 200 kg has been assumed to account for the additional electrical components within the unit.

  Modelling Assumed the same as a PDU even though an RPP does not include a transformer. Modelled as NAICS sector 335311 - Power, distribution, and specialty transformer manufacturing.

PDUs Specification 12 No. PDUs per hall. 8 No. halls. 2 No. PDUs per communication/vendor access room. 6 No. rooms. PDUs to provide a redundant capacity of 2 No. PDU to include static transfer switch and isolating transformer.

  Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 126, Approximate Estimating - Elemental Costs for data centre example.

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  Weight Figure 36 of BSRIA BG 9/2011 Rules of Thumb 5th Edition: Switchroom panels - used to determine the self-weight. Capacity required.All assumed the same – 100 A incomers, 3 phase switchboards. Capacity = 90% safety factor * √3 * Vline * I (service breaker size) / 1000 Vline = 400 VI = 1000 ATherefore capacity = 624 kVA

  Modelling PDU is used to transform one or more, larger capacity raw power feed into any number of lower capacity distributed power feeds.Modelled as NAICS sector 335311 - Power, distribution, and specialty transformer manufacturing, and in particular 'Power transformers, electric, manufacturing '.

BMS Specification Fibre optic cable = OM3 50 µm MMOF Ethernet cable = CAT 6 STP (shielded twisted pair) IT equipment assumed the same as Ecoinvent processes for these components.

  Costing Taken from the project cost report.Although individual components can be modelled using existing LCA data from the Ecoinvent library, it has been decided to assess the system as a whole using input output data as it is difficult to quantify the numbers and costs of the remaining components within the system. The costs from the executive summary of the project cost report 8 are for the first stage of the build. As part of the system is already in place for the second stage, and the two stages are not identical (second stage is smaller), it has been nominally assumed that stage 2 costs are 75% of those in stage 1: Stage 1 = £1,644,077

  Weight PC weight includes the desktop, monitor, keyboard and mouse. Remaining weights were estimated.

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 334515 - Electricity and signal testing instruments manufacturing, and in particular 'Measuring equipment for electronic and electrical circuits and equipment manufacturing'.

Small power - sockets

Specification Sockets assumed to have the same finish as the lighting switches. Socket outlet; switched; 13 Amp; BS 1363; galvanised steel box, satin chrome coverplate; BS4662; flush fixed - 2 gang.

  Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 647, net price  Weight Nominal estimate.  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 33539 - Wiring device manufacturing, and in particular 'Sockets, electric, manufacturing'.Small power - fused connections

Specification Sockets assumed to have the same finish as the lighting switches. Connection units; galvanised pressed steel pattern; galvanised steel box; satin chrome or satin brass finish; white moulded plastic inserts; flush mounted - standard fused.

  Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 649, net price. (Fused connection, unswitched)

29

  Weight Nominal estimate.  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 33539 - Wiring device manufacturing, and in particular 'Sockets, electric, manufacturing'.CCTV Specification 65 internal CCTV and 37 external CCTV  Costing Spon's M&E 2011, page 128, approximate estimating - elemental costs for example data centre.

System is costed as a whole.  Weight Twilight CCTV cameras: Assume all are internal dome cameras, and weight includes allowance for security

equipment cabinets (8 No.) and intercoms (2 No.). Weight 0.366 kg for the CCTV and 0.234 kg for cabs and intercoms (estimated)http://www.cctvdirect.co.uk/javascript/tinymce/plugins/filemanager/files/TWILIGHT_PRO_INTERNAL_4-9MM.pdf

  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 334220 - Broadcast and wireless communications equipment, and in particular 'Closed circuit television equipment manufacturing'.

Gas detection

Specification System includes a gas monitoring panel (Gasmonitor plus). The 8 detectors consist of 4 No. CROWCON Nimbus infrared methane gas detectors and 4 No. CROWCON IR open path ethylene gas detectors. The technical submittal shows 4 monitors for the first stage and so has been doubled for the second stage of the facility.

  Costing Crowcon were emailed for costs, but wouldn't provide them. Costs for a ‘FIXED’ detection system could not be found in any technical literature, so costs were found for an equivalent ‘PORTABLE’ Crowcon system. These were found on www.gasalarmsystems.co.uk. http://www.gasalarmsystems.co.uk/shop/crowcon-detective-ir.html Because the costs were for a (cheaper) portable system, conservatively they were doubled.

    Gasmonitor Plus: modelled as a Crowcon detective with pumped base unit.     Nimbus methane (flammable) gas detector: modelled as a Tripleplus + sensor 0-100% LEL flammable gas.    IR open path ethylene gas detector: modelled as a Dual range 0-100% LEL + 0-100% volume ethylene IR  Weight Gasmonitor self-weight taken from the technical submittal.

Gas detectors: http://software.crowconsupport.co.uk/Pdatasheets/NimbusGB.pdf  Modelling Modelled as NAICS sector 334518/9 - Watch, clock, and other measuring and controlling device manufacturing, and

in particular 'Gas leak detectors manufacturing'.Freight lifts Specification 2 No. freight lifts added in the first stage of the build and a further two in the second stage.  Costing Estimated final cost was taken from the project cost report and halved to represent the producer price and none of

the overhead costs such as profit and installation costs.  Weight Nominal estimate.  Modelling Modelled as - Elevators and moving stairways (NAICS sector not specified).Containment (power)

Specification Containment for power and services cabling is a combination of heavy duty ladders and medium duty trays. Average width of containment found to be 305 mm. All modelled as: 300 mm wide Unitrunk Speedway Ladders - SW5/SL3/300/G (Speedway SW5 straight ladder, 600 mm wide, hot dip galvanised).

30

    10% added to lengths to account for drops. 10% added to self-weight to account for fixtures and fittings.

  Weight Containment self-weight: 19.94 kg/m3 length, therefore 7.31 kg/m (including 10% for fixtures and fittings).Cabling (power)

Quantity The number of cables per ladder/tray was based on drawings, but derived by visual estimate as cables do not run for the entire length of the ladders.1 cable assumed where containment was called up but no cable numbers specified.

  Specification 120 XLPE/SWA/LSF/Cu (all insulated) - taken from technical submittal.  Weight Self-weight taken from SimaPro process - 1.04 kg/mContainment (lighting wiring)

Specification Two types of containment: 3-compartment trunking: (RMS trunking - AGT33/3 or Unistrut MT33 3 compartment trunking), andStandard (single compartment) trunking: (RMS trunking - AGT33/1). http://www.rmselectrical.co.uk/index.php/cable-trunkingEach single compartment = 75 mm x 75 mm x 1.2 mm thick (galvanised steel).

  Weight 3-compartment self-weight: 7.065 kg/m, using 7850 kg/m3 from BS 648. Standard trunking: 2.355 kg/m (as above).

Cabling (lighting)

Lengths There was a lot of ambiguity in the length of lighting cable so 50% was added to account for routing.Weight Self-weight taken from SimaPro process - 1.04 kg/mSpecification As above (for cable (power)) assumed.

Bulk fuel reinforced concrete  

Specification Normal weight concrete.Volume Volume established by taking the volume of the tank away from the volume of total encased area (i.e. the volume of

the tank and the surrounding concrete combined). Total encased volume: ((16721+2*500)*(4*2514+2*500+3*300)*(2514+300+150+100))/2(length = 16,721mm, additional concrete length = 500mm, diameter = 2514mm, assume 500mm either side).Tank volume: ((PI()*((2514/2)^2))*16721)/2 (diameter = 2,514 mm, length = 16,721 mm).This accounts for the surround of 4 tanks. The weight is doubled to account for 8 tanks (2 sets of 4 No. tanks).

Self-weight Reinforced concrete density: 2400 kg/m3, 2% reinforcement

Bulk fuel pea shingle 

Volume Calculated as above for the reinforced concrete.Self-weight 20 mm Pea Shingle: 1429 kg/m3 (1 tonne = 1,000 kg; 283 m3 is 404.44 tonnes)

https://stone2yourhome.co.uk/calculator/Bulk fuel steel pipework

Lengths Taken from the technical submittalSpecification 50 mm (Size 2 40ST) - http://www.pipemarkers.com/pipe-data.php

25 mm (Size 1 40ST) - http://www.pipemarkers.com/pipe-data.phpSelf-weight 50 mm (Size 2 40ST) - 5.43 kg/m (converted from 3.65 lb/ft)

31

25 mm (Size 1 40ST) - 2.50 kg/m (converted from 1.68 lb/ft)Bulk fuel cable

Lengths Lengths taken from technical submittalSelf-weight Self-weight taken from SimaPro process - 1.04 kg/m

Transformers Specification Shown in inventory data tables  Quantity Data halls: 3 No. transformers per hall. 8 No. halls.

8 No. chiller substations. 4 No. substations per chiller enclosure. 2 No. enclosures  Self-weight Self-weight of the 3000 kVA transformers assumed for all.

Self-weight taken from technical submittal.

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APPENDIX 7 ASSUMPTIONS – BUILT STRUCTUREAssumed costs for the linoleum of the built structure inventory

Component: BMSCost: £2,877,135Year of cost: 2009Average exchange rate: 1.565USD (year of cost): $4,502,500Economic Index: 0.8392002 USD: $3,775,571Replacement every (years): 20Number of refreshes: 3

Total cost over 60 years, 2002 USD: $11,326,714

Cost per kW of IT per year ($/kW/year): 14.690% for producer price ($/kW/year): 13.2System self-weight (kg): 84,834Number of refreshes: 3Weight per kW of IT per year (kg/kW/year): 0.329

Assumptions made in determining the components of the built structure inventory

Component AssumptionIndicative Life Years It is assumed the structural elements - walls, concrete, reinforcement, steel beams are NOT replaced in the 60 year

life time. Components that undergo wear and tear are replaced every 20 years in line with the assumed commercial life of the building: insulation, paint, linoleum, raised floors, suspended ceiling tiles.

Precast concrete

Specification Ground floor perimeter beam: PC Quickwall Includes the length above the retaining walls.Assumes the same cross section throughout. Chiller compound: 200 mm precast concrete planks, to top of the service trench.Normal weight concrete.

  Self-weight Reinforced concrete density: 2400 kg/m3

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 Volume Perimeter beam (area): (0.5*0.145)+(1.975*0.08)+(0.55*0.36)

Perimeter beam (length): 2*8*3+8.125*4+8.125*8+8*26+8.125*16+4-0.329/2-62*0.329+11.025*2+10.035*2+2*(SQRT(6^2+6^2))

  Quantity Established from project drawingsWall covering Specification Includes ceiling build-up

Plasterboard (walls): 12.5 mm Gyproc FireLine (2 layers), 1200 mm widePlasterboard (ceiling): Gypsum plasterboard Plaster (walls): 2 x 12.5 mm layers to both sidesPlaster (ceiling): 2 x 12.7 mm layers on both sides

 

Self-weight Partitions - 12.5 mm Gyproc FireLine (2 layers): 9.8 kg/m2

Ceiling - Gypsum plasterboard, 12.7 mm thick: 11.2 kg/m2 (BS 648) Plaster (walls): 11.2 kg/m2, one coat both sides (BS 648)Plaster (ceiling): 22 kg/m2, two coats both sides (BS 648)Water - 0.246 kg of water per kg of plaster (taken from Ecoinvent process for plaster)

Suspended ceiling tiles

Specification Tegular exposed grid metal suspended ceiling. Black fleece inlay insulation - glass fibre insulation assumed.http://www.burgessceilings.co.uk/products.html?catid=8&pid=51

 Self-weight Tile and support system: 12.5 kg/m2 (from technical submittal)

Of which following split assumed: 90% steel, 5% insulation, 5% polyester powder coatingNB. aluminium was included in the specification, but not the technical submittal therefore omitted

Raised floor Specification Raised Floor - Kingspan FDEB 38 Air Sealed Raised Floor http://www.barbourproductsearch.info/Kingspan%20FDEB%20PSA%20data%20sheet-file020474.pdfGrilles: Gilbert GFX/600/5 Mill FinishHigh density particle board Raised floor tile laminate - Factory bonded Integral Sonae range.The laminate and particle board weights are combined and assessed collectively.A laminating process was used to model the manufacturing of the components into the raised floor tiles.Steel: Kingspan heavy grade Alpha III (support pedestals); Red oxide mesh deck base plates 200/300 mm (connections-nickel plated, modelled non-plated); Kingspan heavy grade (stringers - nickel plated, modelled non-plated).Stringer assumption: T section: 3 mm x 600 mm x 20 mm (flange) and 3 mm x 600 mm x 35 mm (flange)

 

% grilles vs. tiles

An estimate for the number of grilles was calculated from the specification: 406 No. grilles with hit and miss dampers, and43 No. grilles with Motorised Control Dampers for cooling Assuming each grille is 600 mm square, the total floor area made up of grilles is 161.6 m2. Each data hall is 35.7 m x 36 m = 1284 m2. The floor grilles therefore account for 12.6% of the floor and the tiles for 87.4%

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 Self-weight Particle board: 800 kg/m3 (BS 648 gives wood chipboard (Heavy) density of 772kg/m3 therefore conservatively 800

assumed).Steel: 7850 kg/m3 (BS 648).ABS: 1040 kg/m3 http://www.sselec.com/data/ins%20specs/ABS%20Data%20sheet.pdf

 

Weight Weight of raised floor in the communications and vendor access rooms is extrapolated from the floor area and weight of the data hall floors (comparing the total floor space, i.e. data hall = 1230 m2). Steel: pedestals, connections and stringer weight per m2 has been established by determining the number of each in a 9 m2 area (this is a grid of 25 tiles, 5 x 5 tiles). Weight of one pedestal that provides a 250 mm void = 1.05 kg (established by phoning Kingspan).Weight of connections = 10% of pedestals = 0.105 kg Weight of stringers = T section: 3 mm x 600 mm x 20 mm (flange) and 3 mm x 600 mm x 35 mm (flange) = 0.8 kg.In a 9 m2 area, there are 25 No. pedestals and corresponding connections, and 50 No. stringers.Therefore weights on plan: Pedestals = 1.05 x 25 / 9 = 2.92 kg/m2;Connections = 0.292 kg/m2; and Stringers = 0.8 x 50 /9 = 4.44 kg/m2.Steel sheet tray - extra 0.05mm added to thickness to account for the edge of the tray.

  Manufacturing Amount of manufacturing assumed to total the mass of the componentsAluminium Specification Floor grilles: Gilbert Floor Grille GFX/600/5 (Mill Finish) WITH C/W hit and miss dampers and alignment pips (all

assumed to be fitted with hit and miss dampers.Roof cladding: Stucco embossed (Mill Finish; PVF Coated; ARS Coated; Polyester Coated) - KB400/65, 0.9 mm th.Louvres: insect mesh included (aluminium woven mesh wire, treated, coloured charcoal grey)

 Self-weight Floor grilles: self-weight established by contacting manufacturers: 110608 Email GFX6005 Gilbert Floor Grille.

Roof cladding/louvres: 2771 kg/m3 (BS 648).Louvres: 20% assumed for connections and mullions for louvres; 5% assumed for bird mesh.

 

Dimensions Roof: plan dimensions used even though the roof is pitched.20% lapping assumed for the aluminium sheet.Area = 1.2*(16*8.125)*(26*8+(26*8/0.4)*4*0.065) Louvres: because of the slant and overlap of the louvre blades, it has been assumed there is 3 times the plan cross sectional area.

Insulation Specification Roof insulation: 80 mm thick HCFC free (LPC Grade B) - conservatively 160 mm assumed.Elevation insulation: Fibreglass insulation quilt, 14 mm thick.Walls (partition type 2): Isover APR 1200 glass mineral wool, 25 mm thick.

  Self-weight Glass fibre - thermal insulation of roofs and walls, 0.5 kg/m2 for 1 inch thickness (BS 648)  Dimensions Roof area: (16*8.125)*(26*8+(26*8/0.4)*4*0.065)Blockwork wall

Specification Blockwork: 2 skins - 440 x 215 x 100 mmMortar: 1:1:6 cement:lime:sand (No plasticisers - which produce air bubbles which allow the water to expand in freezing conditions - are included).

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  Doors Door openings ignored.

 

Weight Blockwork: Blockwork - Masonry wall (280 mm cavity) - 102.5 mm brick = 215.4 kg/m2 (solid concrete blockwork, stone aggregate - BS 648)Mortar: 1 m2 of single skin blockwork needs 2 No. 25 kg bags of bricklaying mortar, therefore self-weight = 50 kg/m2 (on elevation).Water: 2.5 litres per 25 kg of mortar, therefore 5 litres/m2. Density = 1000 kg/m3 (BS 648).http://www.wickes.co.uk/content/ebiz/wickes/resources/images/gil/13.pdfhttp://www.source4me.co.uk/calculate_brick_block_mortar.php

Doors Specification Assumed: 1000 mm x 2500 mm. 1 No. double door = 2 No. single doors. The door frame is made of massive wood, the door leaf is made of wood with a glass insert (62 % wood, 38% glass). The lock, door handles and frame joints are fabricated from steel. Gatehouse single door = Security door – 910 mm x 2450 mm.Substation 1.5 door = 1055 mm x 2120 mm (assumed double). Substation double door = 1700 mm x 2740 mm.

  Weight Weight of single door = 27.6 kg/m2 (from Ecoinvent process).Gravel (limestone)

Specification A medium density limestone like portland stone was assumed (BS 648:1964). Gravel – 225 mm single sized washed limestone chippings.Self-weight = 1554 kg/m3 (http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_materials.htm).

Damp proof membrane Specification Visqueen BBA Damp Proof Membrane - Assumed 300 mm nominal thickness, 1200 gauge.

http://www.visqueen-membranes.co.uk/  Self-weight LDPE: 910 kg/m3 (range from .910 - .940 g/cm3).Sand Self-weight Sand, dry: 1602 kg/m3 (http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_materials.htm)Plywood Specification 25 mm thick birch faced plywood. Modelled as plain plywood  Self-weight 600 kg/m3 (BS 648)Floor covering Specification Linoleum with LPX finish, jute fabric backing (from technical submittal) on 6mm plywood

  Self-weight Linoleum: 4.7 kg/m2. Plywood: 3.6 kg/m2 (6mm thick, BS 648)

Reinforced concrete

Specification Normal weight concrete.0.5% steel for anything ground bearing. 1% steel for special ground bearing cases. 2% steel for foundations and anything suspended.

  Self-weight Density = 2200 kg/m3 (screed); 2400 kg/m3 – 2448 kg/m3 (normal weight concrete).  Chambers Worst case 'Draw Pit Type H' assumed everywhere - 1950 x 1175 mm internal dims - slab overhang ignored.  Chiller trench Drops in height ignored.

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  Substation raft foundations Slab thickness assumed

  Prestressed units Modelled as reinforced concrete

  Concrete walls Partition type 7, 550 mm high x 150 mm wide, A393 mesh H12 Dowels @ 200 c/c, H12 corner bars at 200 c/c

  Perimeter ground beam Assumed to run between pads on gridlines 6 and 20 in the docking area.

Ground floor Dimensions Average screed thickness of 50 mm assumed. Assume an extra 100 mm of concrete on width of BM strips to account for edge slope (water and sprinkler tank slabs).

Walls Specification 15 types of walls, 3 types assumed to model all walls.

2 Lightweight partition 198 mm cold rolled studs 146 mm (tbc) lining, 2 x 12.5 mm fireline board, 1 x 12.5 mm plaster both sides

10 Blockwork 2 x 100 mm skins, painted12 Reinforced concrete bund wall

  Reinforcement Blockwork walls: steel bed reinforcing mesh every 3rd course - Murfor RND/Z 100 mmPaint Surface area The surface area of a 203 x 203 x 46 UC steel section has been assumed for all beams (apart from those in the

substation) that are painted. Section perimeter = (2*203)+(2*203)+2*(203-7.2) = 1203.6 mm. Surface area/m = 1.2036 m2/m.For the substation the surface area of a 203 x 102 x 23 UB steel section has been assumed for all painted beams. Section perimeter = (2*101.8)+(2*203.2)+2*(101.8-5.4)Surface area/m = 0.8028 m2/m.

  Intumescent Nullifire S707-60 (1 hour). Waterborne intumescent paint. 150 microns dft (dry film thickness). 0.75 litres/m2 at 1.5 mm dft. (http://www.nullifire.com/datasheets/pdfs/S707-60.pdf)Coverage: 1/4 of any beam, therefore: 0.188 litres/m2. 3/4 of composite beam painted - because most of the beam is covered (decking and concrete, ceiling)

  Primer L489 Zinc Phosphate (Alkyd paint). 75 microns dft (http://www.leighspaints.com/en/Products.aspx?tab=2&GenericProduct=L489)Coverage: 7.7 m2/litre, therefore: 0.130 litres/m2. (http://www.leighspaints.com/en/Products.aspx?tab=2&GenericProduct=C237)

37

  Epoxy resin Assume epoxy resin finish to all ground floor slab (assume same colour).Thermoguard heavy duty floor paint (two pack epoxy). 1 coat = 20m2/litre.Dustproof areas assumed to have epoxy resin finish

 Inner surface Two-coat corrosion resistant primer with heat cured polyester topping.

2 No. layers of top coat. 0.185 litres/m2.

 

Top coat/ outer surface

Resistex C237 acrylic urethane sheen finish. 60 microns dft. http://www.leighspaints.com/en/Products.aspx?tab=2&GenericProduct=C23710.8 m2/litre, therefore: 0.0926 litres/m2.http://www.leighspaints.com/en/datasheets/TC237%20-%20Issue%2012.pdf

  Dulux primer 15m2/litre therefore 0.067 litres/m2.

  Dulux vinyl matt 15m2/litre therefore 0.067 litres/m2.

  Bracing Not painted

 Cladding Does not have intumescent paint.

Inner surface = 1 No. coats of top coat sealer + 1 No. coat of primer. Outer surface = 1 No. coat of top coat sealer.

  Beams/columns Primer + intumescent

  Elevations Surface area is reduced by 20% to account for louvre openings

 Self-weight 1 litre = 1 kg

http://www.decoratorsdepot.co.uk/shop/pc/viewPrd.asp?idproduct=1&idcategory=1  Modelling All modelled as the same alkyd paint.Mesh flooring Specification Elefant, pressure welded gratings, SP and N types

 

Size 40 bars of 3 mm thickness spanning 1500 mm. 40-1=39 openings. 1500/39 = 38.5 mm (maximum spacing). therefore assume 30 x 30 mesh size

 

m/m2 of secondaries

22 beams per line, 2 lines, in 4 grids. Length = 4000 mm. Total area of 4 grids = 4 x 8 m x 8.125 m = 260 m2.Therefore: (22 beams x 4 m x 2 lines) / 260 = 0.68 m/m2.

Steelwork Bracing Cold formed Grade 50 (S355). Assume bracing is also evident in two non-uniform bays around GL L (grid line).

  Primary and Hot rolled Grade 50 (S355). 38

secondary beams

Assume all blast cleaning occurs after fabrication.

  Bolted connections

Grade 8.8 Zinc plated. Self-weight is 10% of beams - includes an allowance for baseplates.

 

Self-weight Self-weight determined for an average bay. CHS: http://sketchup.engineeringtoolbox.com/UK-CHS-Circular-Hollow-Sections-c_98.html Flat sections: http://sketchup.engineeringtoolbox.com/UK-flat-structural-sections-c_99.html 139.7 x 4 CHS: weight of 139.7 x 5 CHS used; 244.5 x 5 CHS: weight of 244.5 x 6.3 CHS used;273.5 x 5 CHS: weight of 273.5 x 6.3 CHS used. Cross Bracing: From http://sketchup.engineeringtoolbox.com/UK-flat-structural-sections-c_99.html 88.9 x 3.6 CHS: weight of 88.9 x 4 CHS used.

  Modelling All steel modelled using worldsteel inventory data. Minimum of: S275JOComposite flooring Studs Studs/m2 = (length of steel beam/2*5)/0.3/area in which beams are, where 0.3 m is the c/c of studs.

1 stud = 0.2264 kg (from technical data)  Specification 150 mm deep concrete with A252 mesh at top (2 No. H8 bars per trough (Bottom) where required) on Richard Lees

Ribdeck AL 50/1.2 Gauge decking, 10% for fixings and laps; Nelson 19 dia. 95mm L.A.W (length after welding) unthreaded (assumed) shear studs, 1 per trough/300 mm c/c (4 inch length before welding and ¾ in. Diameter - Nelson catalogue http://www.nelsonstud.com/cat-pdf/generalinfo.pdf)

Elevations Specification External: 0.4 mm thick EUROCLAD 19/1000, bright white liner trayInternal: 0.7 mm thick EUROCLAD 32/1000, DOBEL 200XT Plastisol finish - cobalt blueSupport System: ASHGRID AG40 spacer system (assumed two brackets over 1 m, 135 mm deep (120 mm)). Rails at 1200 mm centres (maximum)Chiller elevations: 0.7 mm Euroclad 32/1000 horizontally laid. Double sided plastisol coated steel sheets, coloured solent blue (outer face) and solent/sargasso blue (inner skin).

 

Self-weight External: 3.489 kg/m2 (nominal) - 20% added to weight for 100 mm overlap on two sides of each sheet, therefore: 4.198 kg/m2 assumed.Internal: 8.104 kg/m2 assumed (as above).Support: 1.25 kg/m

  Area Façade area is exclusive of the louvres openings  Cladding 1 m panelsGatehouse Specification Complete drawings do not exist so construction assumed same as the substation control and switchrooms.  Roof Panels: KS1000 RW Kingspan Roof Panels (assumed EcoSafe – 85 mm Overall thickness).

Trusses: No information could be found for the D20TRW Lattice truss (Metsec) and so a weight for Metsec MG80 was assumed (10 m span - page 34 of catalogue). Insulation assumed the same as the insulation in the facility roof.

  Trusses D20TRW Lattice Truss - Metsec - 5 assumed

39

  Walls Metek wall cladding assumed (see plan). Steel bed reinforcing mesh every 3rd course - Murfor RND/Z 100 mm. Insulation/paint assumed the same as the facility walls.

  Paint As detailed drawings did not exist a nominal 50 litres of primer and 50 litres of intumescent were assumed.Substation Roof Purlins and bracing includes 4 No. Eaves beams, although drawing shows them as 170E20 Eaves Beam.

Cladding as for the gatehouse. 50 mm concrete + 150 mm prestressed units

  Wall Wall Cladding Panels - KS1000 MR Kingspan Wall Panels (Horizontally laid – 80 mm core thickness assumed). http://www.kingspanp anels.com.au/Products/Insulated-Wall-Systems/Kingspan-Micro-rib/Product-Information/KS1000_AWP---Downloadable-spec-sheet.aspxWalls - assume 2 skins of 100 mm block (ignore door openings which should account for the line of 2 skins of 140 mm block. Finish (paint) as for the facility walls.

  Foundations Pilecaps and ground beams (screen).Raft foundations and upstand beams (substation). Dimensions taken from drawings

  Lintels Worst case assumed (including 4+8 door lintels) - 140 x 215 x 2100 mmRoof   See aluminium above (cladding) and steel (roof steelwork).    Gutters and drip trays for the rainwater harvesting are accounted for in the PH infrastructure.Stairs Finish Infill panels: 40% free area

40

APPENDIX 8 MODELLING ASSUMPTIONS – MANUFACTURING Nomenclature for the tables that follow in Appendix 4

CH SwitzerlandCN ChinaDE GermanyEco Ecoinvent v2.2Eco (alt) Ecoinvent v2.2 process with alterationsEco (com) New process made up of Ecoinvent v2.2 processesELCD European life cycle databaseELCD (alt) ELCD process with alterationsGLO GlobalId 2.0 Industry data 2.0IfT Inputs from the technosphere (materials/fuel)IN IndiaJP JapanOtT Outputs to the technosphere (waste and emissions to treatment)RER EuropeRER (Country) Data from whole of Europe, used with particular reference to the country in bracketsRLA Latin America and CaribbeanUS United States/North AmericaUSA USA input output database 2002USA IO USA input output databaseUSLCI US life cycle inventory databasews Worldsteel data

41

Processes used to model the IT infrastructure (49 sites in 17 countries includes: CN, IN, JP, US, RLA, RER)

Component Process Library Non

M

as Conversion Coverage of System BoundariesGeographical Technological

Ethernet Cable Cable, network cable, category 5, without plugs, at plant

Eco 0.0036 kg/m GLO Wire drawing (Copper), plastic extrusion (LDPE, PVC), tin coating.

Cold Aisle Containment

Steel hot-dip galvanised, cradle to gate

ws x x 49 sites in 17 countries

Average

Fabrication of containment

Steel product manufacturing, average metal working

Eco x x RER Average

Transport to fabrication

Transport, lorry 16-32t, EURO4 Eco x x RER (DE) Diesel

Networking Router, IP network, at server Eco 1.15 kg/piece CH AverageRacks Chassis, network main devices Eco x x RER (CH) AverageServers Desktop computer without

screen, at plantEco 11.3 kg/piece GLO Steel processing - rolling, cutting, mill cutting,

and coating. Plastic parts - blow moulded or extruded into required shapes. Parts (capacitors, resistors, microchips etc.) - mounted onto the PWB are described in the individual datasets.

Storage HDD, desktop computer, at plant

Eco 1.15 kg/piece GLO The metal processing - rolling, cutting, section bar extrusion and coating. Plastic parts are blow moulded or extruded into required shapes.

Processes used to model the MECHANICAL infrastructure (49 sites in 17 countries includes: CN, IN, JP, US, RLA, RER)

Component Process Library Non

M

as Conversion Coverage of System BoundariesGeographical Technological

Battery Cooling Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing SE

USA 34.2 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 333415

Chilled Water System Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing SE

USA 11.4 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 333415

42

Condenser Water System

Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing SE

USA 33.4 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 333415

Ductwork (Steel) Steel hot-dip galvanised, cradle to gate

ws x x 49 sites in 17 countries Average

Fabrication of ductwork

Steel product manufacturing, average metal working

Eco x x RER Average

Transport to ductwork fabrication

Transport, lorry 16-32t, EURO4 Eco x x RER (DE) Diesel

Free Cooling System Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing SE

USA 18.9 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 333415

Mineral Wool Insulation

Rock wool, packed, at plant Eco x x CH Technically high level

Motorised Control Dampers

Automatic environmental control manufacturing SE

USA 20.8 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 334512

Pipes (Copper) Cathode, copper, primary copper production

Eco x x GLO Average - Electrorefining of copper anode

Fabrication of copper pipes

Copper product manufacturing, average metal working

Eco x x RER Average

Transport of copper to fabrication

Transport, lorry 16-32t, EURO4 Eco x x RER (DE) Diesel

Pipes (Plastic - PVC, ABS, MDPE, HDPE)

PVC pipe E Id 2.0 x x RER, western Average

Pipes (Steel) Steel welded pipes, cradle to gate ws x x 49 sites in 17 countries AveragePressurisation Air conditioning, refrigeration, and

warm air heating equipment manufacturing SE

USA 119 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 333415

Radiant Heaters Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) manufacturing SE

USA 110 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 333414

Ventilation Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment manufacturing SE

USA 2.97 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 333415

43

Processes used to model the ELECTRICAL infrastructure (49 sites in 17 countries includes: CN, IN, JP, US, RLA, RER)

Component Process Library Non

M

as sConversion Coverage of System BoundariesGeographical Technological

BMS Electricity and signal testing instruments manufacturing SE

USA 40.1 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 334515

BF Power Cable Cable, three-conductor cable, at plant

Eco 1.04 kg/m GLO (CH) Data from one producer

BF Pea Shingle Crushed stone 16/32, open pit mining, production mix, at plant, undried

ELCD x x RER Standard mineral product used as natural aggregates in the construction industry

BF Pipework (Steel) Steel welded pipes, cradle to gate ws x x 49 sites in 17 countries Average

BF RC Concrete Concrete, normal, at plant Eco 2380 kg/m3 CH AverageBF RC Reinforcement Steel

Reinforcement steel, cradle to gate

ws x x 49 sites in 17 countries Average

BF Tanks (control, alarms, LCD)

Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing SE

USA 0.512 US$/kg

US Average - NAICS sector 332420

BF Transfer Pumps Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing SE

USA 190 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 333911

Power Cable Cable, three-conductor cable, at plant

Eco 1.04 kg/m GLO (CH) Data from one producer

CCTV (inc. security cabinets, gate intercoms)

Broadcast and wireless communications equipment SE

USA 2620 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 334220

Steel Containment (ladders, trays, trunking)

Steel hot-dip galvanised, cradle to gate

ws x x 49 sites in 17 countries Average

Fabrication of containment

Steel product manufacturing, average metal working

Eco x x RER Average

Transport to fabrication

Transport, lorry 16-32t, EURO4 Eco x x RER (DE) Diesel

Distribution Boards Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing SE

USA 0.933 US$/kg

US Average - NAICS sector 335313

Freight Lifts Elevators and moving stairways USA IO 71.9 US$/kg US Not specified

44

Gas Detection (Internal and External)

Watch, clock, and other measuring and controlling device manufacturing SE

USA 480 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 334518

Generator Sets (Generators + Day Tanks)

Motor and generator manufacturing SE

USA 17.3 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 335312

Lighting - Lights and Control Modules

Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing SE

USA 36.8 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 335110

Lighting - Presence Detectors

Automatic environmental control manufacturing SE

USA 318 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 334512

Lighting - Switches Other electronic component manufacturing SE

USA 107 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 334419

Lighting - Wiring Cable, three-conductor cable, at plant

Eco 1.04 kg/m GLO (CH) Data from one producer

Motor Control Centres Relay and industrial control manufacturing SE

USA 1.99 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 335314

PDUs Power, distribution, and specialty transformer manufacturing SE

USA 12 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 335311

Remote Power Panel Power, distribution, and specialty transformer manufacturing SE

USA 9.33 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 335311

Ring Main Units (switchgear)

Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing SE

USA 38.4 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 335313

Small Power - Sockets

Wiring device manufacturing SE USA 57.9 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 33539(1)

Small Power - Fused Connections

Wiring device manufacturing SE USA 27.0 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 33539(1)

Switchboards Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing SE

USA 2.07 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 335313

Transformers Transformer, high voltage use, at plant

Eco x x GLO Average based on literature and assumptions

UPS (Modules, Cabinets, Advance Cabinets, Pulse Cabinets, System Bypass Modules)

All other miscellaneous electrical equipment and component manufacturing SE

USA 31.8 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 335999

UPS Batteries Storage battery manufacturing SE USA 0.675 US$/kg

US Average - NAICS sector 335911

45

UPS Battery Chargers All other miscellaneous electrical equipment and component manufacturing SE

USA 92.3 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 335999

Processes used to model the PH infrastructure (49 sites in 17 countries includes: CN, IN, JP, US, RLA, RER)

Component Process Library Non

M

as Conversion Coverage of System BoundariesGeographical Technological

Domestic Water Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) manufacturing SE

USA 17.3 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 333414

Leak Detection Tracing

Watch, clock, and other measuring and controlling device manufacturing SE

USA 485 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 334518

Pipes (PVC) PVC pipe E Id 2.0 x x RER, western AveragePipes (Steel) Steel welded pipes, cradle to gate ws x x 49 sites in 17

countriesAverage

Process Water Servcies

Other commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing SE

USA 2.57 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 333319

RWH (Pipes - H/M/LDPE)

HDPE pipes E Id 2.0 x x RER, western Average

RWH RC Concrete Concrete, normal, at plant Eco 2380 kg/m3 CH AverageRWH RC Reinforcement Steel

Reinforcement steel, cradle to gate ws x x 49 sites in 17 countries

Average

RWH Steel Accessories

Steel Plate, cradle to gate ws x x 49 sites in 17 countries

Average

Fabrication of steel accessories

Steel product manufacturing, average metal working

Eco x x RER Average

Transport to fabrication

Transport, lorry 16-32t, EURO4 Eco x x RER (DE) Diesel

RWH Tanks, Sumps, Pumps

Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing SE

USA 7.17 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 332420

Soil and Waste Drainage

Pump and pumping equipment manufacturing SE

USA 353 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 333911

46

Processes used to model the FIRE infrastructure

Component Process Library Non

M

as Conversion Coverage of System BoundariesGeographical Technological

Fire System Other communications equipment manufacturing SE

USA 891 US$/kg US Average - NAICS sector 334290

Pipes (PVC) PVC pipe E Id 2.0 x x RER, western Average

Processes used to model the EXTERNAL infrastructure

Component Process Library Non

M

as Conversion Coverage of System BoundariesGeographical Technological

Ethernet Cable Cable, network cable, category 5, without plugs, at plant

Eco 0.0036 kg/m GLO Wire drawing (Copper), plastic extrusion (LDPE, PVC), tin coating.

Power Cable Cable, three-conductor cable, at plant

Eco 1.04 kg/m GLO (CH) Data from one producer

Ducts (H/M/LDPE) HDPE pipes E Id 2.0 x x RER, western AverageDucts (PVC) PVC pipe E Id 2.0 x x RER, western AveragePipes (Copper) Cathode, copper, primary copper

productionEco x x GLO Average - Electrorefining of

copper anodeFabrication of copper pipes

Copper product manufacturing, average metal working

Eco x x RER Average

Transport of copper to fabrication

Transport, lorry 16-32t, EURO4 Eco x x RER (DE) Diesel

Pipes (H/M/LDPE) HDPE pipes E Id 2.0 x x RER, western AveragePipes (PVC) PVC pipe E Id 2.0 x x RER, western AverageSewers (RC Concrete)

Concrete, normal, at plant Eco 2380 kg/m3 CH Average

Sewers (RC Reinforcement Steel)

Reinforcement steel, cradle to gate ws x x 49 sites in 17 countries: CN, IN, JP, US, RLA, RER

Average

47

Processes used to model the STRUCTURAL infrastructure (49 sites in 17 countries includes: CN, IN, JP, US, RLA, RER)

Component Process Library Non

M

as Conversion Coverage of System BoundariesGeographical Technological

Aluminium (Al) Aluminium, primary, at plant Eco x x RER AverageFabrication of Al

productsAluminium product manufacturing, average metal working

Eco x x RER Average

Transport of Al to fabrication

Transport, lorry 16-32t, EURO4 Eco x x RER (DE) Diesel

Plywood Plywood, at plywood plant USLCI x x US TypicalBlockwork Wall (Blockwork)

Concrete block, at plant Eco x x DE Normal concrete, typical technology

Blockwork Wall (Mortar)

Cement mortar, at plant Eco x x CH Average current technology

Blockwork Wall (Water)

Tap water, at user Eco x x RER Example of a waterworks in CH

Damp Proof Membrane

LDPE, Resin Eco x x RER, western Average

Fabrication of DPM Extrusion, plastic film Eco x x RER Present technologiesTransport of LDPE

to fabricationTransport, lorry 16-32t, EURO4 Eco x x RER (DE) Diesel

Doors (single = 1, double = 2)

Door, inner, glass-wood, at plant Eco 27.6 kg/m2 RER (CH) Average

Glass Fibre Insulation Glass wool mat, at plant Eco x x CH High technical level but pre-1995

Gravel (Limestone) Limestone, crushed, for mill Eco x x CH Technically high level: heavy machines (excluding building machines) are operated electrically; air is recirculated in closed-loop to avoid dust emissions

Linoleum Hard surface flooring coverings USA IO 2.1 US$/kg US Not specifiedLinoleum Plywood Plywood, at plywood plant USLCI x x US TypicalPaint Alkyd paint, white, 60% in H2O, at

plantEco x x RER Physical mixing of resin, water

and pigmentsPrecast Concrete Precast Concrete, min

reinforcement, prod. mix, concrete ELCD x x RER Current national standard

48

type C20/C25, w/o consideration of casings

Raised Floor (Steel pedestal & stringers)

steel sections, cradle to gate ws x x 49 sites in 17 countries Average

Raised Floor (Particle Board)

Particle board, P5 (V100), production mix, at plant, 7,8% water content EU-27 S

ELCD x x RER Chipping of wood; drying and glueing of chips; moulding into a mat and pressed; cut/sawn into final shape and sanded

Raised Floor (ABS) Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, ABS, at plant

Eco x x RER  

Fabrication of RF Laminating, foil, with acrylic binder Eco N/A RER Approximation from data of lamination of packaging foils. Acrylic glue as binder assumed.

Transport to RF fabrication

Transport, lorry 16-32t, EURO4 Eco x x RER (DE) Diesel

RC (Concrete) Concrete, normal, at plant Eco 2380 kg/m3 CH AverageRC (Reinforcement Steel)

Reinforcement steel, cradle to gate ws x x 49 sites in 17 countries Average

Sand Sand, at mine Eco x x CH TypicalSteel steel sections, cradle to gate ws x x 49 sites in 17 countries Average

SCT (Polyester Powder Coating)

Powder coating, steel sheet Eco 0.625 kg/m2 RER Technology: Phosphating, coating and heat curing. Treatment of the waste water is assumed.

SCT (Steel) Steel Plate, cradle to gate ws x x 49 sites in 17 countries AverageSCT (Glass Fibre Insulation)

Glass wool mat, at plant Eco x x CH High technical level but pre-1995

Fabrication of SCT Steel product manufacturing, average metal working

Eco x x RER Average

Transport to SCT fabrication

Transport, lorry 16-32t, EURO4 Eco x x RER (DE) Diesel

Wall Covering (Gypsum Plasterboard)

Gypsum Plaster board, at plant Eco x x CH Average

49

Wall Covering (Plaster)

Thermal plaster, at plant Eco x x CH Average current technology

Wall Covering (Water) Tap water, at user Eco x x RER Example of a waterworks in CH

50

APPENDIX 9 MODELLING ASSUMPTIONS – END-OF-LIFE Processes used to model the end-of-life for the IT infrastructure and any assumptions/modifications made

Component EOL Process Library Coverage of System Boundaries Assumptions/ModificationsGeographical TechnologicalEthernet Cable WEEE DC Disposal, treatment

of cablesEco (alt) GLO (CH) Shredder, followed

by modern grinding machine with current separation technology.

Added IfT: 50 km transport from waste transfer station (WTS) to end treatment. Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.

Cold Aisle Containment

L DC Disposal, building, reinforcement steel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system.

Disposal of reinforcement steel used as a proxy for all steel products. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Recycling Steel and Iron

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Networking WEEE DC Disposal, industrial devices, to WEEE treatment

Eco (alt) CH Current mix of manual and mechanical treatment

Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Racks R+R DC Recycling Cabinets Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Servers WEEE DC Disposal_Servers_ Storage

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport)Current mix of

New process made up of Ecoinvent processes.

51

manual and mechanical treatment (disposal of computer)

Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatmentAdded OtT: Disposal, desktop computer, to WEEE treatment (CH) 0.0885 p/kg of the disposal (1 p = 11.3 kg)

Storage WEEE DC Disposal_Servers_ Storage

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport)Current mix of manual and mechanical treatment (disposal of computer)

New process made up of Ecoinvent processes.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatmentAdded OtT: Disposal, desktop computer, to WEEE treatment (CH) 0.0885 p/kg of the disposal (1 p = 11.3 kg)

Processes used to model the end-of-life for the MECHANICAL infrastructure and any assumptions/modifications made

Component EOL Process Library Coverage of System Boundaries Assumptions/AdaptationsGeographical TechnologicalBattery Cooling R+R DC Recycling Battery

CoolingEco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent

processes.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment

Chilled Water System

R+R DC Recycling Chilled Water

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Condenser Water System

R+R DC Recycling Condenser Water

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes).

52

Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Ductwork (Steel) L DC Disposal, building, reinforcement steel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system.

Disposal of reinforcement steel used as a proxy for all steel products. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Recycling Steel and Iron

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Free Cooling System

R+R DC Recycling Free Cooling

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Mineral Wool Insulation

L DC Disposal, building, mineral wool, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system.

Altered Ecoinvent process.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment. Deleted: particulate emissions from dismantling.

  R DC Disposal, building, mineral wool, to recycling

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as final disposal above). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment. Deleted: particulate emissions from dismantling.

Motorised Control R+R DC Recycling MCD Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes

53

DampersAdded IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Pipes (Copper) R DC Recycling Copper Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes

Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Pipes (Plastic - PVC, ABS, MDPE, HDPE)

L Disposal, building, polyvinylchloride products, to final disposal

Eco (modified)

CH Diesel (transport) Municipal sanitary landfill for biogenic or untreated municipal waste (reactive organic landfill). Landfill gas and leachate collection system. Recultivation and monitoring for 150 years after closure (disposal)

Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment Included: Transport to the WTS assumed includedChanged OtT: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to municipal incineration/CH UTO: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U

  R Disposal, building, polyvinylchloride products, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Deleted OtT: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to municipal incineration/CH U

Pipes (Steel) L DC Disposal, building, reinforcement steel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection

Disposal of reinforcement steel used as a proxy for all steel products. Removed: Impacts of dismantling.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

54

system  R DC Recycling Steel and

Iron Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally.

Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Pressurisation R+R DC Recycling Comms Pressurisation

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Radiant Heaters R+R DC Recycling Radiant Heaters

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Ventilation R+R DC Recycling Ventilation

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Processes used to model the end-of-life for the ELECTRICAL infrastructure and any assumptions/modifications made

Component EOL Process Library Coverage of System Boundaries Assumptions/AdaptationsGeographical TechnologicalBMS R+R DC Recycling BMS Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent

processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

BF Power Cable WEEE DC Disposal, treatment of cables

Eco (alt) GLO (CH) Shredder, followed by

Added IfT: 50 km transport from waste transfer station (WTS) to end treatment.

55

modern grinding machine with current separation technology

Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.

BF Pea Shingle L DC Disposal, building, concrete gravel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Energy consumption for, and particulate emissions from demolition. Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment

  R DC Disposal, building, concrete gravel, to recycling

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Energy consumption for, and particulate emissions from demolition. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as landfill process above). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

BF Pipework (Steel)

L DC Disposal, building, reinforcement steel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport)

Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Disposal of reinforcement steel used as a proxy for all steel products. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Recycling Steel and Iron

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment

BF RC Concrete L DC Disposal, building, concrete, not reinforced, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport)

Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature

Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

56

a base seal and leachate collection system

  R DC Disposal, building, concrete, not reinforced, to recycling

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport from WTS to end treatment (same as landfill above)Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

BF RC Reinforcement Steel

L DC Disposal, building, reinforcement steel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport)

Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Disposal of reinforcement steel used as a proxy for all steel products. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Recycling Steel and Iron

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

BF Tanks (control, alarms, LCD)

R+R DC Recycling Bulk Fuel Tanks

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

BF Transfer Pumps

R+R DC Recycling Bulk Fuel Pumps

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Power Cable WEEE DC Disposal, treatment Eco (alt) GLO (CH) Shredder, Added IfT: 50 km transport from waste

57

of cables followed by modern grinding machine with current separation technology

transfer station (WTS) to end treatment. Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.

CCTV (inc. security equipment cabinets and gate intercoms)

R+R DC Recycling CCTV Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Steel Containment (ladders, trays, trunking)

L DC Disposal, building, reinforcement steel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport)

Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Disposal of reinforcement steel used as a proxy for all steel products. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Recycling Steel and Iron

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Distribution Boards

R+R DC Recycling Distribution Boards

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Freight Lifts R+R DC Recycling Freight Lifts

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end

58

treatment.Gas Detection (Internal and External)

R+R DC Recycling Gas Detection

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Generator Sets (Generators + Day Tanks)

R+R DC Recycling Gen Sets Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Lighting - Lights and Control Modules

R+R DC Recycling Lighting Lights

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes

Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Lighting - Presence Detectors

R+R DC Recycling Lighting Presence Detectors

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment

Lighting - Switches

R+R DC Recycling Lighting Switches

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Lighting - Wiring WEEE DC Disposal, treatment of cables

Eco (alt) GLO (CH) Shredder, followed by modern grinding machine with current separation

Altered Ecoinvent process.Added IfT: 50 km transport from waste transfer station (WTS) to end treatment. Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.

59

technologyMotor Control Centres

R+R DC Recycling MCC Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

PDUs R+R DC Recycling PDU Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Remote Power Panel

R+R DC Recycling RPP Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Ring Main Units (switchgear)

R+R DC Recycling RMU Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Small Power - Sockets

R+R DC Recycling Small Power Sockets

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Small Power - Fused Connections

R+R DC Recycling Small Power Fused Connections

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

60

Switchboards R+R DC Recycling Switchboards

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Transformers R+R DC Recycling Transformers

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

UPS (Modules, Cabinets, Advance Cabinets, Pulse Cabinets, System Bypass Modules)

R+R DC Recycling UPS Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

UPS Batteries R+R DC Recycling UPS Batteries

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

UPS Battery Chargers

R+R DC Recycling UPS Battery Chargers

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Processes used to model the end-of-life for the PH infrastructure and any assumptions/modifications made

Component EOL Process LibraryCoverage of System Boundaries

Assumptions/AdaptationsGeographical Technological

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Domestic Water R+R DC Recycling Domestic Water

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Leak Detection Tracing

R+R DC Recycling Leak Detection Tracing

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Pipes (PVC) L Disposal, building, polyvinylchloride products, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Municipal sanitary landfill for biogenic or untreated municipal waste (reactive organic landfill). Landfill gas and leachate collection system. Recultivation and monitoring for 150 years after closure (disposal)

Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Changed OtT: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to municipal incineration/CH UTO: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U

  R Disposal, building, polyvinylchloride products, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Deleted OtT: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to municipal incineration/CH U

Pipes (Steel) L DC Disposal, building, reinforcement steel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and

Disposal of reinforcement steel used as a proxy for all steel products. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

62

leachate collection system

  R DC Recycling Steel and Iron

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Process Water Servcies

R+R DC Recycling Process Water Services

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

RWH (Pipes - H/M/LDPE)

L DC Landfill of plastic waste EU-27

ELCD (alt)

EU-27 Diesel (transport) Typical municipal waste landfill with surface and basic sealing meeting European limits for emissions. Includes landfill gas treatment, leachate treatment, sludge treatment and deposition.

Ecoinvent process not used as burdens related to demolition were difficult to separate out. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Recycling PE Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

RWH RC Concrete

L DC Disposal, building, concrete, not reinforced, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and

Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

63

leachate collection system

  R DC Disposal, building, concrete, not reinforced, to recycling

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport from WTS to end treatment (same as landfill above).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

RWH RC Reinforcement Steel

L DC Disposal, building, reinforcement steel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Disposal of reinforcement steel used as a proxy for all steel products. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Recycling Steel and Iron

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

RWH Steel Accessories

L DC Disposal, building, reinforcement steel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Disposal of reinforcement steel used as a proxy for all steel products. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Recycling Steel and Iron

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

RWH Tanks, Sumps, Pumps

R+R DC Recycling RWH Tanks

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes.

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Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Soil and Waste Drainage

R+R DC Recycling Soil and Waste Drainage

Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Processes used to model the end-of-life for the FIRE infrastructure and any assumptions/modifications made.

Component EOL Process Library Coverage of System Boundaries Assumptions/AdaptationsGeographical TechnologicalFire System R+R DC Recycling Fire

SystemEco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent

processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Pipes (PVC) L Disposal, building, polyvinylchloride products, to final disposal

Eco (modified)

CH Diesel (transport) Municipal sanitary landfill for biogenic or untreated municipal waste (reactive organic landfill). Landfill gas and leachate collection system. Recultivation and monitoring for 150 years after closure (disposal)

Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Changed OtT: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to municipal incineration/CH UTO: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U

  R Disposal, building, polyvinylchloride products, to final

Eco (modified)

CH Diesel (transport) Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed

65

disposal included.Deleted OtT: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to municipal incineration/CH U

Processes used to model the end-of-life for the EXTERNAL infrastructure and any assumptions/modifications made.

Component EOL Process Library Coverage of System Boundaries Assumptions/AdaptationsGeographical TechnologicalEthernet Cable WEEE DC Disposal, treatment

of cablesEco (alt) GLO (CH) Shredder, followed

by modern grinding machine with current separation technology

Added IfT: 50 km transport from waste transfer station (WTS) to end treatment. Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.

Power Cable WEEE DC Disposal, treatment of cables

Eco (alt) GLO (CH) Shredder, followed by modern grinding machine with current separation technology

Added IfT: 50 km transport from waste transfer station (WTS) to end treatment. Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.

Ducts (H/M/LDPE)

L DC Landfill of plastic waste EU-27

ELCD (alt)

EU-27 Diesel (transport) Typical municipal waste landfill with surface and basic sealing meeting European limits for emissions. Includes landfill gas treatment, leachate treatment, sludge treatment and deposition.

Ecoinvent process not used as burdens related to demolition were difficult to separate out. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

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  R DC Recycling PE Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Ducts (PVC) L Disposal, building, polyvinylchloride products, to final disposal

ELCD (alt)

CH Diesel (transport) Municipal sanitary landfill for biogenic or untreated municipal waste (reactive organic landfill). Landfill gas and leachate collection system. Recultivation and monitoring for 150 years after closure (disposal)

Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Changed OtT: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to municipal incineration/CH UTO: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U

  R Disposal, building, polyvinylchloride products, to final disposal

ELCD (alt)

CH Diesel (transport) Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Deleted OtT: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to municipal incineration/CH U

Pipes (Copper) R DC Recycling Copper Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment

Pipes (H/M/LDPE)

L DC Landfill of plastic waste EU-27

ELCD (alt)

EU-27 Diesel (transport) Typical municipal waste landfill with surface and basic sealing meeting European limits for emissions.

Ecoinvent process not used as burdens related to demolition were difficult to separate out. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

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Includes landfill gas treatment, leachate treatment, sludge treatment and deposition.

  R DC Recycling PE Eco (com) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Pipes (PVC) L Disposal, building, polyvinylchloride products, to final disposal

ELCD (alt)

CH Diesel (transport) Municipal sanitary landfill for biogenic or untreated municipal waste (reactive organic landfill). Landfill gas and leachate collection system. Recultivation and monitoring for 150 years after closure (disposal)

Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Changed OtT: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to municipal incineration/CH UTO: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U

  R Disposal, building, polyvinylchloride products, to final disposal

ELCD (alt)

CH Diesel (transport) Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Deleted OtT: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to municipal incineration/CH U

Sewers (RC Concrete)

L DC Disposal, building, concrete, not reinforced, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection

Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

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system  R DC Disposal, building,

concrete, not reinforced, to recycling

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport from WTS to end treatment (same as landfill above).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Sewers (RC Reinforcement Steel)

L DC Disposal, building, reinforcement steel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Disposal of reinforcement steel used as a proxy for all steel products. Removed: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Recycling Steel and Iron

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Processes used to model the end-of-life for the STRUCTURAL infrastructure and any assumptions/modifications made.

Component EOL Process Library Coverage of System Boundaries Assumptions/AdaptationsGeographical TechnologicalAluminium L DC Disposal, aluminium,

0% water, to sanitary landfill

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Swiss municipal sanitary landfill for biogenic or untreated municipal waste ('reactive organic landfill'). Landfill gas leachate collection system. Recultivation and

Altered Ecoinvent process. Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

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monitoring for 150 years after closure.

  R DC Recycling Aluminium

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Plywood L DC Disposal, building, waste wood, untreated, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Swiss municipal sanitary landfill for biogenic or untreated municipal waste ('reactive organic landfill'). Landfill gas leachate collection system. Recultivation and monitoring for 150 years after closure.

Altered Ecoinvent processAdded IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Changed OtT: Disposal, wood untreated, 20% water, to municipal incineration/CH UTO: Disposal, wood untreated, 20% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U

  R DC Recycling Disposal, building, waste wood, untreated, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Deleted OtT: Disposal, wood untreated, 20% water, to municipal incineration/CH U

Blockwork Wall (Blockwork)

L DC Disposal, building, concrete, not reinforced, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Altered Ecoinvent process.Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Disposal, building, concrete, not reinforced,

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process.Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and

70

to recycling particulates).Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport from WTS to end treatment (same as landfill above).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Blockwork Wall (Mortar inc. Water)

L DC Disposal, building, cement (in concrete) and mortar, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Altered Ecoinvent process.Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Recycling Disposal, building, cement (in concrete) and mortar, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process.Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates). Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Deleted OtT: disposal, inert waste, 5% water to inert material landfill.

Damp Proof Membrane

L DC Disposal, building, polyethylene/polypropylene products, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Swiss municipal sanitary landfill for biogenic or untreated municipal waste ('reactive organic landfill'). Landfill gas leachate collection system. Recultivation and monitoring for 150 years after closure.

Altered Ecoinvent process.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included. Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Changed OtT: disposal, polyethylene, 0.4% water, to municipal incineration TO: Disposal, polyethylene, 0.4% water, to sanitary landfill

Doors (single = 1, L DC Disposal, building, Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process.

71

double = 2) door, inner, glass-wood, to final disposal

Swiss municipal sanitary landfill for biogenic or untreated municipal waste ('reactive organic landfill'). Landfill gas leachate collection system. Recultivation and monitoring for 150 years after closure. (aluminium/wood/paint)Typical municipal waste landfill with surface and basic sealing meeting European limits for emissions. Includes landfill gas treatment, leachate treatment, sludge treatment and deposition. (plastics) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system (steel) Average technologies

Converted to a kg output (from m2) Included: assumed transport to the WTS.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Changed: Disposal, aluminium, 0% water, to municipal incineration TO: Disposal, aluminium, 0% water, to sanitary landfill Changed: Disposal, plastics, mixture, 15.3% water, to municipal incineration TO: Landfill of plastic waste EU-27 Changed: Disposal, steel, 0% water, to municipal incineration TO: Disposal, steel, 0% water, to inert material landfill Changed: Disposal, wood untreated, 20% water, to municipal incineration TO: Disposal wood untreated, 20% water, to sanitary landfillChanged: Disposal, emulsion paint, 0% water, to municipal incineration TO: Disposal, emulsion paint, 0% water, to sanitary landfill

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  R DC Recycling Disposal, building, door, inner, glass-wood, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process. Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Deleted: All Outputs to the Technosphere (waste treatments).

Glass Fibre Insulation

L DC Disposal, building, mineral wool, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Altered Ecoinvent processes Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment. Deleted: particulate emissions from dismantling.

  R DC Disposal, building, mineral wool, to recycling

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent processes Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as final disposal above). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment. Deleted: particulate emissions from dismantling.

Gravel (Limestone)

L DC Disposal, building, concrete gravel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Energy consumption for, and particulate emissions from demolition. Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Disposal, building, concrete gravel, to recycling

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Energy consumption for, and particulate emissions from demolition. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as landfill process above). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Linoleum L DC Disposal, building, polyvinylchloride products, to final

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Swiss municipal sanitary landfill for

Altered Ecoinvent process. Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.

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disposal biogenic or untreated municipal waste ('reactive organic landfill'). Landfill gas leachate collection system. Recultivation and monitoring for 150 years after closure.

Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Changed: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to municipal incineration TO: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to sanitary landfill

  R DC Recycling Disposal, building, polyvinylchloride products, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Disposal, polyvinylchloride, 0.2% water, to municipal incinerationIncluded: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Linoleum Plywood

L DC Disposal, building, waste wood, untreated, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Swiss municipal sanitary landfill for biogenic or untreated municipal waste ('reactive organic landfill'). Landfill gas leachate collection system. Recultivation and monitoring for 150 years after closure.

Altered Ecoinvent process.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Changed OtT: Disposal, wood untreated, 20% water, to municipal incineration/CH UTO: Disposal, wood untreated, 20% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U

  R DC Recycling Disposal, building, waste wood, untreated, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Deleted OtT: Disposal, wood untreated, 20% water, to municipal incineration/CH U

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Paint L DC Disposal, building, paint on metal, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Precast Concrete L DC Disposal, building, reinforced concrete, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Altered Ecoinvent process.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).

  R DC Disposal, building, reinforced concrete, to recycling

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).

Raised Floor (Steel pedestal & stringers)

L DC Disposal, building, reinforcement steel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Disposal of reinforcement steel used as a proxy for all steel products. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Recycling Steel and Iron

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Raised Floor (Particle Board)

L DC Disposal, building, fibre board, to final disposal

Eco (alt)

ELCD process

RER (CH) EU-27

Diesel (transport) Typical municipal waste landfill with surface and basic

Altered Ecoinvent process Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end

75

added sealing meeting European limits for emissions. Includes landfill gas treatment, leachate treatment, sludge treatment and deposition. (plastics) Swiss municipal sanitary landfill for biogenic or untreated municipal waste ('reactive organic landfill'). Landfill gas leachate collection system. Recultivation and monitoring for 150 years after closure. (wood)

treatment. Changed: Disposal, polyurethane, 0.2% water, to municipal incineration TO: Landfill of plastic waste EU-27 Changed: Disposal, wood untreated, 20% water, to municipal incineration TO: Disposal, wood untreated, 20%water, to sanitary landfill

  R DC Recycling Disposal, building, fibre board, to final disposal

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment. Deleted: Disposal, polyurethane, 0.2% water, to municipal incineration Deleted: Disposal, wood untreated, 20% water, to municipal incineration

Raised Floor (ABS)

L DC Landfill of plastic waste EU-27

ELCD (alt)

EU-27 Diesel (transport) Typical municipal waste landfill with surface and basic sealing meeting

Ecoinvent process not used as burdens related to demolition were difficult to separate out. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes).

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European limits for emissions. Includes landfill gas treatment, leachate treatment, sludge treatment and deposition.

Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Recycling Mixed Plastics

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) New process made up of Ecoinvent processes.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

RC (Concrete) L DC Disposal, building, concrete, not reinforced, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Disposal, building, concrete, not reinforced, to recycling

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport from WTS to end treatment (same as landfill above).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

RC (Reinforcement Steel)

L DC Disposal, building, reinforcement steel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Disposal of reinforcement steel used as a proxy for all steel products. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

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  R DC Recycling Steel and Iron

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Sand L DC Disposal, building, concrete gravel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Energy consumption for, and particulate emissions from demolition. Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Disposal, building, concrete gravel, to recycling

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process. Deleted: Energy consumption for, and particulate emissions from demolition. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as landfill process above). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

Steel L DC Disposal, building, reinforcement steel, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Disposal of reinforcement steel used as a proxy for all steel products. Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Recycling Steel and Iron

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

SCT (Polyester Powder Coating)

L DC Disposal, building, paint on metal, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

SCT (Steel) L DC Disposal, building, reinforcement steel, to

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with

Disposal of reinforcement steel used as a proxy for all steel products.

78

final disposal renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Deleted: Impacts of dismantling (energy and particulates).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

  R DC Recycling Steel and Iron

Eco (alt) RER (CH) Diesel (transport) Empty process originally Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.

SCT (Glass Fibre Insulation)

L DC Disposal, building, mineral wool, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Altered Ecoinvent processes.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as construction processes). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment. Deleted: particulate emissions from dismantling.

  R DC Disposal, building, mineral wool, to recycling

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent processes.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as final disposal above). Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment. Deleted: particulate emissions from dismantling.

Wall Covering (Gypsum Plasterboard)

L DC Disposal, building, plaster board, gypsum plaster, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Altered Ecoinvent process. Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Deleted: diesel for and particulate emissions from dismantling.

  R DC Disposal, building, plaster board, gypsum plaster, to recycling

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process.Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as final disposal process).

79

Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Deleted: diesel for and particulate emissions from dismantling.

Wall Covering (Plaster inc. Water)

L DC Disposal, building, plaster board, gypsum plaster, to final disposal

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Landfill with renaturation after closure. 50% of the sites feature a base seal and leachate collection system

Altered Ecoinvent process.Included: Transport to the WTS assumed included.Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Deleted: diesel for and particulate emissions from dismantling.

  R DC Disposal, building, plaster board, gypsum plaster, to recycling

Eco (alt) CH Diesel (transport) Altered Ecoinvent process. Added IfT: 0.015 tkm transport to WTS (same as final disposal process).Added IfT: 50 km transport from WTS to end treatment.Deleted: diesel for and particulate emissions from dismantling.

80