11.3 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TENSIONS. Compare economic and cultural life in rural America to that in...
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Transcript of 11.3 SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TENSIONS. Compare economic and cultural life in rural America to that in...
Compare economic and cultural life in rural America to that in urban America
Discuss the changes in U.S. immigration policy in the 1920s
Analyze the goals and motives of the KKK in the 1920s
Discuss the successes and failures of the 18th amendment
OBJECTIVES
1920 census-more people lived in urban areas than in rural regions
Split between urban and rural AmericaEducation becomes more important
Ingredient for successModernism
Growing trend to emphasis science over secular values over traditional ideas about religion
Fundamentalism Emphasized Protestant teachings and the belief that every word in the Bible was literal truth
FIRST TIME FOR EVERYTHING
Fundamentalism and Modernism clash head-on
John Scopes-Tennessee teacher who wanted to teach evolution to his science class
Clarence Darrow-most celebrated defense attorney
Scopes found guilty of breaking the law-fact that was never in question
Fined $100Each side still believed in
the truth of its position
SCOPES TRIAL 1925
THE BATTLE OVER EVOLUTION
O P P O N E N T S O F D A R W I N ’ S T H E O R I E S S E T U P S H O P AT T H E O P E N I N G O F T H E FA M E D “ M O N K E Y T R I A L ” I N D AY T O N , T E N N E S S E E , I N 1 9 2 5 . T H E T R I A L WA S A N E A R LY B AT T L E I N A N A M E R I C A N “ C U LT U R E WA R ” T H AT I S S T I L L B E I N G WA G E D M O R E T H A N
S E V E N T Y- F I V E Y E A R S L AT E R .
Congress passed a law requiring immigrants to take a literacy test before WWI began
Immigrants who could not read or write their own language were prohibited
Emergency Quota Act 1921Put quota on immigration from specific countries
National Origins Act# of immigrants of a given nationality could not exceed 2% of the # living in the U.S. in 1890
Excluded most Asian immigrants
RESTRICTING IMMIGRATION
THE ONLY WAY TO HANDLE IT I S O L AT I O N I S T S A N D N AT I V I S T S S U C C E E D E D I N D A M M I N G U P T H E F L O W
O F I M M I G R A N T S TO T H E U N I T E D S TAT E S I N T H E E A R LY 1 9 2 0 S . T H E I M M I G R AT I O N A C T O F 1 9 2 4 P L A C E D S T R I C T Q U O TA S O N E U R O P E A N
I M M I G R A N T S A N D C O M P L E T E LY S H U T O U T T H E J A PA N E S E .
Quota system did not apply to Mexico
Settled in sparsely populated regions of the Southwest and contributed to economies
Found work harvesting crops ion TX and CA
Smaller number worked factories and farms in North and Midwest
MEXICAN IMMIGRANTS
Targeted African Americans, Catholics, Immigrants, Jews, and suspected radicals
Revived in 1915 from original KKK after Civil War to terrorize African Americans who sought to vote
Burned crosses, boycotted businesses, and terrorized citizens in the darkness of night
Wore masks, waved flags, preached hate and followed leaders-Grand Dragon and Imperial Wizard
KKK-KU KLUX KLAN
KLANSWOMEN ON PARADE, 1928
FOUNDED IN THE RECONSTRUCTION ERA, THE KU KLUX KLAN
ENJOYED A REMARKABLE RESURGENCE IN THE 1920S. HERE WOMEN MEMBERS, UNMASKED AND UNAPOLOGETIC, MARCH DOWN
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE UNDER THE SHADOW OF THE CAPITOL DOME.
NAACP and the Jewish Anti-Defamation League
Embraced idea of racial, ethnic, religious, and cultural diversity
Focused on positive aspect of “melting pot”
Eventually, KKL never disappeared, but lost importance
ANTI-KKK
18th amendment– prohibited the manufacture, sale and transportation of alcoholic beverages on the U.S.
Volstead Act-offi cially enforced the amendment
Supporters “drys” argued that alcohol was the root of many problems
Speakeasies-clubs or bars where liquor was sold illegally
bootlegging-illegal sale or distribution of alcohol
PROHIBITION
NO MORE MOONSHINEF E D E R A L A G E N T S G L O AT O V E R A C A P T U R E D S T I L L I N D AY TO N , O H I O , I N
1 9 3 0 . “ M O O N S H I N E R S , ” O R M A K E R S O F I L L E G A L L I Q U O R , E N J O Y E D A B O O M D U R I N G P R O H I B I T I O N , T H O U G H Z E A L O U S G - M E N ( G O V E R N M E N T
A G E N T S ) P U T T H E O W N E R O F T H I S M A K E S H I F T D I S T I L L E RY O U T O F B U S I N E S S — AT L E A S T T E M P O R A R I LY.
GANGSTER AL CAPONE F ISHING IN FLORIDA C A P O N E M AY H AV E L O O K E D L I K E A N Y C H I C A G O B U S I N E S S M A N O N VA C AT I O N , B U T H I S
B U S I N E S S W A S B I G G E R A N D N A S T I E R T H A N M O S T, A S H E O F T E N E L I M I N AT E D H I S C O M P E T I T I O N B Y M U R D E R . H E W A S R E P O R T E D A S S AY I N G , “ E V E R Y B O D Y C A L L S M E A
R A C K E T E E R . I C A L L M Y S E L F A B U S I N E S S M A N . W H E N I S E L L L I Q U O R , I T ’ S B O O T L E G G I N G . W H E N M Y PAT R O N S S E R V E I T O N A S I LV E R T R AY O N L A K E S H O R E D R I V E , I T ’ S H O S P I TA L I T Y. ”
H E W A S F I N A L LY J A I L E D I N 1 9 3 2 F O R FA L S I F Y I N G H I S I N C O M E TA X R E T U R N S .
Al Capone- Gangster who controlled Chicago with his small army of mobstersSold alcoholCarried out violence against rival gangs
Elliot Ness- Led group called the UntouchablesCarried out raids against bootleggingResponsible for the conviction and arrest of Al Capone
CRIME