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EMC Test and Measurement on EMC Test and Measurement on Automotive Electronic Component and Automotive Electronic Component and SubSub--assemblyassemblyBy: Jeffrey TsangJeffreytsang@ese.com.hk

Agenda

• Common EMC Standards in Automotive Industry

• EMI Measurement: CISPR25 vs2004/104/EC

• Transient Immunity Test: ISO7637-2• Radiated Immunity: ISO11452 vs

2004/104/EC

Some car manufacturer standards are included

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EMC Standards in Automotive Industry

Common International Standard

Standard Area Test2004/104/EC EU Conducted & Radiated Emission

Radiated ImmunityTransient Immunity

CISPR 12CISPR 25

International Conducted & Radiated Emission

ISO 7637 International Conducted EmissionTransient Immunity

ISO 10605 International ESD

ISO 11451ISO 11452

International Radiated Immunity

SAE J1113 North America various

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Common Car Manufacturer Standards

Standard Manufacturer Test

ES-XW7T-1A278-AC

Ford Conducted & Radiated EmissionConducted & Radiated ImmunityTransient Immunity

Magnetic Field ImmunityImmunity to CouplingImmunity to Voltage VariationESD

GMW3097 General Motor Conducted & Radiated EmissionConducted & Radiated ImmunityTransient Immunity

Magnetic Field ImmunityImmunity to Voltage VariationESD

Automotive EMCAutomotive EMC

• EMI test methods mostly refer to CISPR25• 2004/104/EC conducted Emission refers

ISO7637• You can use spectrum analyzer with peak

detector• ALSE Method use different Anechoic Chamber• Narrowband and Broadband Emission concept• Products usually need to be complied with Car

Manufacturer standards

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EMI MeasurementCISPR25 CISPR25 vsvs 2004/104/EC2004/104/EC

CISPR25 EMI vs 2004/104/EC

• CISPR25 EMI MeasurementConducted Emission – Voltage (150kHz –108MHz)Conducted Emission – Current (150kHz –108MHz)Radiated Emission – ALSE method (150kHz – 960MHz)Radiated Emission – On board Antenna

• 2004/104/EC EMI MeasurementConducted Emission – Transient VoltageRadiated Emission – ALSE method (30MHz – 1GHz)

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CISPR25 – Conducted Voltage

• Conducted Emission5 μH//50 Ohm Artificial Network (AN) x2 usually Test Frequency 150kHz – 108MHz

EMI ReceiverEMI � � �

Load Simulator� � � � �

EUT� � � �

AN� � � �

DC Power Supply /Battery

� � � � / � �

CISPR25 – Conducted Voltage

• Broadband noise and broadband noisePeak and QP Limit

• Narrowband noise Peak Limit

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0.15 0.3 0.53 2 5.9 6.2 30 54 68 108

C1 PC1 QPC2 PC2 QPC3 PC3 QPC4 PC4QP

Broadband Noise

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CISPR25 – Conducted Voltage• CISPR25 accepts the result measured by using

spectrum analyzer with peak detector as long as the result is below limit

• Limit is as low as 18dBμV• You can add preamplifier to maintain at least 6dB

above noise floor• Most AN is single path, need two most of the time

Schwarzbeck BBV9740Schwarzbeck NNBM8125

2004/104/EC - CE• Conducted Emission

refers to ISO7637-2 • Need DSO

– 400MHz 2GS/s

• Need low capacitance probe

• Included in FORD, GM, NISSAN standard

Maximum Pulse AmplitudePulse Polarity

12V Systems 24V Systems

Positive (+) +75V +150V

Negative (-) -100V -450V

external switch S and shunt resistant Rs1

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CISPR25 – Conducted Current• For signal and data line• Test Frequency 150kHz – 108MHz• Need current probe

Shield Room Connection Plane

Double Shield coaxial Cable

Current Probe

Optional Absorber

CISPR25 and 2004/104/ECRadiated Emission - ALSE• 2004/104/EC same as CISPR25 ALSE• Test Distance = 1m• Antenna Height = 1m (30MHz – 1GHz)

= 0.9m (150kHz – 30MHz)• Note: GM does not allow wooden table

anymore

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CISPR25 and 2004/104/ECRadiated Emission - ALSE

EUT

Load Simulator

DC Power Supply

AN

CISPR25 and 2004/104/ECRadiated Emission - ALSE• CISPR25 and 2004/104/EC detector

choiceCISPR25 2004/104/EC

Broadband

Narrowband

Peak or Quai-Peak Detector

Peak or Quai-Peak Detector

Peak Detector Average Detector

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CISPR25 and 2004/104/ECRadiated Emission - ALSE

2004/104/EC CISPR 25 class 3

• Comparison on Limit Lines

CISPR25 and 2004/104/ECRadiated Emission - ALSE• CISPR25 clearly define the usage of antenna：

150kHz – 30MHz : monopole30MHz – 200MHz : Biconical200MHz – 1GHz: Log Periodic

• Note: Manufacturer standards cover above 1GHz (e.g. Ford, GM), use Horn Antenna

Schwarzbeck VHA9103B + BBA9106 Schwarzbeck VUSLP9111

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• CISPR25:2003 Annex G recommend the size of Anechoic Chamber：7m x 6.5m x 4m (L W H)

• The grounding strips being bonded between the shielding enclosure and ground Plane

CISPR25 and 2004/104/ECRadiated Emission - ALSE

CISPR25 and 2004/104/ECRadiated Emission - ALSE

Source: Austrian Research Centre Seibersdorf

• Different grounding method on EUT table

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• If EUT is mobile communication product，pay attention on the choice of 6dB RBW

CISPR25 and 2004/104/ECRadiated Emission - ALSE

CISPR25:2002

Car Manufacturer Standards

• Radiated Emission Test Frequency range：

ES-XW7T-1A278-AC 0.15MHz – 2500MHzGMW3097 0.15MHZ – 1583MHzDC-10614 Rev B 76MHz – 1000MHz28401NDS02 0.15MHz – 2000MHz

• Test method is same as CISPR25• Different limit lines for different product types

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CISPR25 – on board antenna

• Use on board antenna for measuring emission

• Need a whole vehicle!!• Measure antenna disturbance voltage

Transient ImmunityISO 7637-2:2004

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ISO 7637-2:2004

• Immunity to voltage Transient• It’s a tough test to some DUT such as

car entertainment products (e.g. car audio, DVD, etc)

• The key of test setup is the pulses generator.

• The recent change from 95/54/EC to 2004/104/EC – includes ISO7637-2:2004

• Almost all car manufacturer standards include (but not limit to) ISO7637

ISO 7637-2:2004Pulse Description

1 simulation of transients due to supply disconnection from inductive loads

2a simulates transients due to sudden interruption of currents in adevice connected in parallel with the device under test due to the inductance of the wiring harness

2b simulates transients from dc motors acting as generators after the ignition is switched off

3a/b simulation of transients, which occur as a result of the switching processes. The characteristics of these transients are influenced by distributed capacitance and inductance of the wiring harness

4 simulates supply voltage reduction caused by energizing the starter-motor circuits of internal combustion engines, excluding spikes associated with starting

5a/5b simulation of load dump transient occurring in the event of a discharged battery being disconnected while the alternator is generating charging current with other loads remaining on the alternator circuit at this moment

**2004/104/EC does not include Pulse 5a and 5b

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ISO 7637-2:2004

• Pulse 15000 time causes long test time

ISO 7637-2:2004

• Pulse 2a

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ISO 7637-2:2004

• Pulse 2b

ISO 7637-2:2004

• Pulse 3a

• Pulse 3b

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ISO 7637-2:2004

• Pulse 4

ISO 7637-2:2004

• Pulse 5a

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ISO 7637-2:2004

• Pulse 5b

ISO 7637-2:2004

• Pulse 5b• Most Pulse 5b generator in the market does

not generated correct wave shape• Voltage Suppression is to be done by diode

bridge

Common problem of pulse 5b generator Diode bridge

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ISO 7637-2:2004

• Example Test Setup

y

y

Car Manufacturer Standard

• Both ISO7637-2 and ISO16750-2 are included in car manufacturer EMC standards

• ISO16750-2: voltage variation• Manufacturer standards are often more

complicated and more tests

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Car Manufacturer Standard

• Some wave shapes in GMW3097

Car Manufacturer Standard

• Some wave shapes in Nissxx28401NDS02[2]

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Car Manufacturer Standard

• Some wave shapes in XXyota TSC7021G

Radiated ImmunityISO 11452 ISO 11452 vsvs 2004/104/EC2004/104/EC

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ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC

2004/104/EC TestsRadiated Immunity 20MHz – 2GHz ALSERadiated Immunity 10kHz – 200MHz TEMTransient Immunity (ISO 7637-2)Conducted Immunity – 1MHz – 400MHz Bulk Current Injection (BCI)Radiated Immunity 10kHz – 200MHz Stripline (150mm and 800mm)

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC

• ISO 11452 Tests-2 Radiated Immunity 80MHz – 18GHz ALSE method-3 Radiated Immunity 10kHz – 200MHz TEM Cell method-4 Conducted Immunity – 1MHz – 400MHz Bulk Current Injection Method-5 Radiated Immunity 10kHz – 200MHz Stripline (150mm only)-7 Radiated Immunity – RF Power Injection 250kHz – 500MHz

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ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/EC

• Additional Test Cases of ISO11452 under development

-8 Radiated Immunity – Magnetic Field-9 Radiated Immunity – Portable transmitter-10 Conducted Immunity – Audio Frequency-11 Radiated Immunity – Reverberation Chamber method

• Target to be finished at 2008

Modulation

ISO11452

IEC61000-4-3

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ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/ECRadiated Immunity - ALSE• May use CISPR25 ALSE• Optional ground absorber• ISO11452-2:2004 extended the lower

frequency from 200MHz to 80MHz

ISO11452-2 2004/104/ECFrequency Range 80MHz – 18GHz 20MHz – 2GHz

Polarization 80MHz – 18GHz : Horizontal 400MHz- 18GHz : Vertical

Vertical only

Modulation AM AM, PM

Highest Field Strength Level

100V/m 30V/m

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/ECRadiated Immunity - ALSE Example Setup

80MHz – 1GHz Setup Above 1GHz Setup

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ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/ECRadiated Immunity - ALSE Example System

Freq. Range 200MHz – 2GHz

Horn antenna Covers 200MHz –1GHz, in line with centre of test harness

Horn antenna covers above 1GHz, in line with DUT

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/ECRadiated Immunity - ALSE Example System

Up to 18GHz, 100V/m Radiated Immunity System

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ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/ECRadiated Immunity - ALSE• No restriction on choice of antenna

– For Components and sub-assembly, prefer using high gain horn antenna to reduce power amplifier cost

• One point calibration, unlike IEC61000-4-3 and MIL-STD461E

• Unlike IEC61000-4-3, no concern on power amplifier output linearity

• Open loop test, no feed back on field strength• Test level is higher in manufacturer standards

Manufacturer Standard Radiated Immunity - ALSE

Car Manufacturers Requirement on Radiated Immunity

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Manufacturer StandardRadiated Immunity – ALSE Example System

• 1GHz – 2GHz >270V/m system

1.2kW power amplifier

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/ECRadiated Immunity - TEM

• Test method ISO11452-3• Frequency Range 10kHz – 200MHz

• Not common in manufacturer standards

ISO11452-3 2004/104/EC

200V/m 60V/m

TEM Cell

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ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/ECRadiated Immunity - BCI• Test method ISO11452-4• Frequency Range 1MHz – 400MHz• Severity level:2004/104/EC 60mA vs

ISO11452-4 100mA

Test SetupCalibration Setup

ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/ECRadiated Immunity - BCI• Some manufacturer standards accept

extending BCI frequency up to 1GHz for replacing ALSE method below 1GHz

• Severity level usually up to 200mA

BCI System with test fixture up to 200mA

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ISO 11452 vs 2004/104/ECRadiated Immunity - stripline• Test Method ISO11452-5• Frequency Range 10kHz – 200MHz• Not exist in popular manufacturer standards anymore

2004/104/EC ISO11452-5

Stripline Heigh 150mm800mm

150mm

Field Strength 60V/m 50V/m, 100V/m, 150V/m, 200V/m

150mm Stripline 800mm Stripline

ISO11452-7

• RF Power Injection• Test Frequency 250kHz – 500MHz• Not in 2004/104/EC

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Sample Test SystemCISPR25 + ISO11452