1. POPULATION1.1 WHERE DO MOST PEOPLE IN THE WORLD LIVE?

ALSO SEEWORKBOOK, PG 248

Over 50% urban.

World population today

1.2 Demographic change

World population today

Over 50% urban.

“The progressive mechanization of agriculture

in the 19th century decreases the need for field workers. Unemployed farm workers start trying their luck in the cities, working in new industries. These internal migrations from the countryside to the cities mark the beginning of urbanization. Around 1800, only 3% of the planet’s inhabitants lived in cities. By 1900, it jumped to 15% and by 2008: 50%

This trend continues today”

The rural exodus & urbanization

Textbook, pg 58

1.3

Falling death rate Falling fertility rate Rising life expectancy Stabilization of growth Increasing international migration

Main demographic characteristics of less-developed countries

TXT: pg 78-79

1.4

Falling birth rate Population aging Increasing international immigration

Main demographic characteristics of developed

countriesTXT: pg 78-79

“In developed countries, there are ever fewer workers to pay for the pensions and medical care of aging people, whose numbers are growing. Also, developed countries may find themselves with too few workers in many sectors of their economy. To deal with these problems, they encourage replacement migration; that is, the immigration of people of working age”

1.5

Improvement of health care. Increase in food and resource production. Adoption of natalist policies. Adoption of measures facilitating

immigration.

So what explains thepopulation growth?& What contributes to

it?

1.6

When newborn generations are enough to

replace the older generations that die out.

What is Replacement Level?

What is Fertility Rate? Average number of children born to a country’s

woman during her full reproductive life.

So when Fertility Rate isLOWER than Replacement Level…

There is negative rate of natural increase

1.7

2. URBANIZATION2.1 RECAP:SINCE 2008, THE PROPORTION OF WORLD POPULATION LIVING IN CITIES IS…

> 50%

NYC, 18th century

2.2 Urban growth NYC, 1930s

MIGRATION: MAIN URBAN GROWTH FACTOR Txt: 98-99

Example: Buenos Aires, Argentina

2.3 Internal Migration in less developed countries:

-> Shanty towns

Example: Buenos Aires, Argentina

2.3 Internal Migration in less developed countries:

-> Shanty towns

Example: Buenos Aires, Argentina

2.3 Internal Migration in less developed countries:

-> Shanty towns

SHANTYTOWNS:

. On the outskirts of large cities.

. Inadequate health infrastructure

. Most land occupied by squatters.

TXT: pg 100 - 101

2.4

Example: Favela in Sao Paulo, Brazil

2.3 Internal Migration in less developed countries:

-> Shanty towns

SHANTYTOWNS:

. On the outskirts of large cities.

. Inadequate health infrastructure

. Most land occupied by squatters.

TXT: pg 100 - 101

2.4

JOB POSSIBILITIES

MORE HEALTH AND EDUCATION SERVICES

RECEPTION STRUCTURES

PRESENCE OF A DIASPORA

2.5: Why do immigrants choose cities as destinations?

ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED

2.6: Characteristics of districts populated mostly by

immigrants

Parc Extension, Montreal

CONCENTRATION OF CULTURAL MINORITIES

2.6: Characteristics of districts populated mostly by

immigrants

Gerrard Street,Toronto

FORMATION OF ETHNIC NEIGHBOURHOODS

2.6: Characteristics of districts populated mostly by

immigrants

Chinatown, Montreal

3. Migration3.1 RECAP: TYPES OF MIGRATION:

INTERNAL: Within a country

EXTERNAL: From one country to another

Mainly young Mainly from less-developed countries Generally men Of working age

3.2: General characteristics of

migrants

Textbook: Pg. 69

Let’s look at the maps on:

TEXTBOOK: Pgs. 74-75

& WORKBOOK: Pg. 66

3.3: World Migration Flows

What do we observe?

Development of transportation and

communications infrastructure (TXT 72-73)

Economic globalization (TXT 86-87)

Climate change (TXT 83)

Political problems (80-81)

3.4: What explains increase in world

migration?

Geographical proximity (choosing a new country

that is close by)

Diaspora (TXT 96-97)

Colonial ties

Cultural characteristics (example: language, religion, worldview)

3.5: Factors that influence the choice of

host country

LET’S ANSWER QUESTION 7 on WORKBOOK, pg. 71