1.1 What is Life? Lauren Gerlin Date Grade Name September 29 th, 2014 11 Th.
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Transcript of 1.1 What is Life? Lauren Gerlin Date Grade Name September 29 th, 2014 11 Th.
1.1 What is Life?Lauren Gerlin
Date
Grade
Name
September 29th, 201411Th
Introducing Bertha and BertHello there! I am your
science teacher for this PowerPoint! I am going to teach you about the
Basics of Life.
My name is Bertha and my friend’s name is Bert. We are from the Science Galaxy
and we are excited to see you learn a lot of
Biology this year!
Some Things you Need to Know Beforehand• Nonliving objects may possess some
characteristics of living organisms• Cell is the basic unit of life• A membrane is a pliable sheet like
structure acting as a boundary, lining, or partition in an organism• A membrane separates the cell from its
surroundings, enclosing a huge variety of structures and chemicals in a fluid environment• This allows a staggering number of chemical
reactions to occur in the proper order, at the proper location and at the proper time so that the cell can maintain and reproduce itself
To start off we need to learn
some background information!
Up above me is a picture of a cell.
The Six Characteristics that Define Life1. Organisms acquire and use
materials and energy2. Organisms actively maintain
organized complexity3. Organisms perceive and respond
to stimuli4. Organisms grow5. Organisms reproduce6. Organisms, collectively, have the
capacity to evolve
SIX IS THE MAGIC
NUMBER!!!!
Organisms acquire and use materials and energy
• Obtain minerals, water and other simple chemical building blocks from air, water, soil and from the bodies of other living things
• Because life neither creates nor destroys matter, materials are continuously exchanged and recycled among organisms and their nonliving surroundings.
• The energy that sustains life comes from sunlight• Photosynthesis: certain organisms directly
capture and store solar energy• Trap and store energy for their own use, but
the energy stored in their bodies also powers all other forms of life, such as fungi and animals.• It is released back to the environment as
heat
Photosynthesis is really
important to remember!
Isn’t this exciting?!?!
Organisms Actively Maintain Organized Complexity• Organisms must use energy continuously to maintain
themselves.• They use energy to keep their organs war, so it can stay in
constant temperature• Sweat is one of the ways the body cools itself• Food warms our body
One example is when a
membrane constantly pumps some chemicals in
and others out
I love Biology!
Organisms Perceive and Respond to Stimuli• Organisms must perceive and
respond to their environments• Things use specialized cells to detect
light, temperature, sound, gravity, touch, chemicals and many other stimuli from their external and internal surroundings• Even bacteria can move toward
favorable conditions and away from harmful substances.
When the brain detects low levels of sugar in your blood, it causes your mouth to
water at the smell of food
Oh how I love
Biology!!!!!
Organisms Grow• Single-celled organisms such as
bacteria grow about double their original size, copy their genetic material, and then double their original size, copy their genetic material , and then divide in half to reproduce.• Individual cells can also
contribute to the growth of an organism by increasing in size, as occurs in muscle and fat cells in animals, and in food storage cells in plants
Animals and plants use a
similar process to produce more cells to bacteria
Organisms Reproduce• Reproduce in a verity of ways that
include dividing in half, producing seeds, bearing live young and laying eggs• Offspring inherit from their parents
the instructions for producing and maintaining their particular forms of life.• These instructions are carried in the
unique structure of the hereditary molecule deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA.
I love the topic of DNA!
It is so interesting!
Organisms, Collectively, Have the Capacity to Evolve
• Evolution: the process by which modern organisms have descended from earlier and different forms of life.• Population: a group of the same type of organism inhabiting the same area
I think this picture is so interesting!
Guess what!?!? WE ARE
FINISHED WITH THIS SECTION!
Scientific Method
Lauren Gerlin
Date
Grade
Name
September 29th, 201411Th
Bertha and BertHello there! I am
excited to teach you about the scientific
method and just the basics of science!
I hope you liked what we taught you in the first section of
this amazing PowerPoint!
What is Science?
• “It is the concerted human effort to understand, or to understand better, the history of the natural world and how the natural world works, with observable physical evidence as the basis of that understanding”
What is science, Bertha?
That is a very good question! Let’s
look and see what the answer is!
Scientific Method
1.Observation2.Question3.Hypothesis4.Prediction5.Experiment6.Conclusion
Lets learn about these
six steps in the next few
slides!
I am going to use one example
throughout the next six slides
about the growth of tomatoes!
First Step: Observation
•consists of receiving knowledge of the outside world through our senses
My observation is that I notice that some
tomatoes are bigger than others and
wonder why
Second Step: Question
•a question that can be answered using experimentation and factual reasoning
My question is, Does the amount of sunlight
a tomato plant receives affect the size
of the tomatoes?
Third Step: Hypothesis
•is an idea or explanation that you then test through study and experimentation.
My Hypothesis is, I believe that the more
sunlight a tomato plant receives, the
larger the tomatoes will grow.
Fourth Step: Prediction
•is your specific belief about the scientific idea
My prediction is, Increasing the amount of sunlight tomato
plants in my experiment receive will cause an increase
in their size compared to identical plants that received the same care but less light.
Fifth Step: Experiment
•is an orderly procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, refuting, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis
My Experiment is, I get tomato seeds and I treat them exactly the same, but all the tomatoes get
different amount of times in the sunlight.
Sixth Step: Conclusion
•will summarize whether or not your science fair project results support or contradict your original hypothesis
My conclusion is a minimum of six to eight hours of full-sun
exposure daily for tomato will increase the size to the fullest it can be. If the plant receives less
than that amount of sunlight, the tomato will be smaller than they
would be with more sunlight
ACTIVITY TIME!!! You will have a bunch of colorful index cards
and you have to match them to the same one. You have to answer the question, if there is one, after picking two cards. The
cards DO NOT have to be the same color to be a match! HAVE FUN!
(after this I will give you a five question quiz)
Citations
Information:http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122science2.htmlhttp://www.masteringbiology.com/site/login.htmlMrs. Ceppaglia’s PowerPoint
Pictures:http://www.how-to-draw-funny-cartoons.com/scientist-cartoon.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesishttp://www.gatewaytoscience.org/2014/08/register-clubs/