11 MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY 1) Circulatory System Major Structures:
Heart, Blood vessels, Blood, lymph nodes and vessels, lymph Functions: Transports nutrients, wastes, hormones, and gases The Closed Circulatory System
Humans have a closed circulatory system, typical of all vertebrates, in which blood is confined to vessels and is distinct from the interstitial fluid. The heart pumps blood into large vesselsthat branch into smaller ones leading into the organs. Materials are exchanged by diffusion between the blood and the interstitial fluid bathing the cells. The Blood Carry hemoglobin and oxygen.Do not have a nucleus and live only about 120 days. Can not repair themselves. 2) Digestive System Major Structures:
Mouth, Throat, Esophagus, Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Small intestine, Large intestine Functions: Extracts and absorbs nutrients from food; removes wastes; maintains water and chemical balances 3) Endocrine System Major Structures:
Hypothalamus, pituitary, pancreas Functions: Regulates body temperature, metabolism, development, and reproduction; maintains homeostasis; regulates other organ systems 4) Excretory System Major Structures:
Kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, urethra, skin, lungs Functions: Removes wastes from blood; regulates concentration of body fluids Kidneys filter out excess water and urea
Lungs filter out carbon dioxide, CO2, from the blood. Skin excretes water, as sweat, which contains some trace chemical wastes, including urea. I.The Kidneys Every drop of blood in your body is filtered by your kidneys more than 300 times per day! Kidneys eliminate urea, minerals and excess water. Kidneys regulate the amount of water we need to maintain in our bodies. 5) Immune System Major Structures:
White blood cells, lymph nodes and vessels, skin Functions: Defends against pathogens and disease * More about this tomorrow!! 6) Integumentary System
Major Structures: Skin, nails, hair Functions: Protects against injury, infection, and fluid loss; helps regulate body temperature 7) Muscular System Major Structures:
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissues Functions: Moves limb and trunk; moves substances through body; provides structure and support 8) Nervous System Major Structures:
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs Functions: Regulates behavior, maintains homeostasis; regulates other organ systems; controls sensory and motor functions 9) Reproductive System Major Structures:
Testes, penis (males), ovaries, uterus, breasts (females) Functions: Produces gametes and offspring 10) Respiratory System Major Structures: Lungs, nose, mouth, trachea
Functions: Moves air into and out of the lungs; controls gas exchange between blood and lungs 11) Skeletal System Major Structures: Bones and joints Functions:
Protects and supports the body and organs; interactions with skeletal muscles; produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets