Section 1 Prepatory

1.1 Introduction to Emergency Medical Care1.2 Medico-Legal Responsibilities1.3 Well Being of the EMS Professional1.4 Lifting and Handling1.5 Communications1.6 EMS Operations and Transportation

Section 2 Airway2.1 Airway Management

Section 3 Assessment3.1 The Human Body3.2 Assessments3.3 History Taking, Vital Signs and Diagnostics

Section 4 Trauma4.1 Bleeding & Shock4.2 Soft Tissue Injuries4.3 Musculoskelatal Injuries4.4 Head and Spinal Injuries4.5 Thoracic Injuries4.6 Abdominal And Genitourinary Injuries

Section 5 Non Traumatic Conditions5.1 Respiratory Emergencies5.2 Cardiovascular Emergencies5.3 Abdominal and Genitournary Emergencies5.4 Diabetic Emergencies and Altered States5.5 Allergies, Posioning and Overdose5.6 Environmental5.7 Behavioral5.8 Childbirth

Section 6 Special Considerations6.1 Pediatrics6.2 Geriatrics6.3 Hazardous Materials and Multiple Casualty Incident6.4 Gaining Access and Extrication

Section 7 Integration7.1 Integration

Recommended Text (or equivalent):Emergency Care Limmer/O’KeefeISBN 978-0-13-402455-4

1.1 Introduction to Emergency Medical Care

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Topics1.1.01 1.1.g A Define the following:

a) Emergency Medical Servicesb) Emergency Medical Responder

1.1.02 1.1g A Describe the components of an EMS system

1.1.03 1.1.i A Identify the Manitoba EMS Code of Ethics Statements

1.1.04 1.3.a A Discuss the scope and function of an Emergency Medical Responder

1.1.05 1.2.a A Discuss the EMS professionals roles in quality improvement including:a) participation in quality assurance and quality improvement programs

1.2.b b) self-evaluation and goals for improvement, as related to professional practice

1.1.06 1.1.j A Discuss functioning as the patients' advocate

1.1.07 2.3.c ADiscuss working collaboratively with other emergency response agencies and other members of the health care team

1.1.08 A Define the following:1.1.a a) dignity

1.1.i b) ethical 1.1.f c) quality assurance 1.3.a d) medical control 1.3.a e) delegation

1.1.09 1.4 A Discuss the following provincial legislation as they relate to EMS:a) The Emergency Medical Response and Stretcher Transportation Actb) The Personal Health Information Actc) The Heath Care Directives Actd) The Mental Health Acte) The Child and Family Services Actf) The Highway Traffic Actg) The Public Health Acth) The Fatality Inquiries Acti) The Midwifery and Consequential Amendments Actj) The Manitoba Evidence Act

k) The Protection for Person's in Care Act l) The Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act

m) The Regional Health Authorities Actn) The Apology Acto) The Vulnerable Persons Living with Mental Disability Actp) The Defibrillator Public Access Actq) The Good Samaritan Protection Act

1.1.10 1.1.h A Participate in professional associationa) Identify professional associations for paramedics in Canadab) Describe the role of professional associationsc) Acknowledge the benefits of participation in professional association(s)

1.2 Medico-Legal Responsibilities

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Topics1.2.01 1.7 A Explain the following legal considerations related to EMS professionals:

a) notification of local law enforcement agenciesb) crime scene preservationc) suspected child abused) minors or mentally incompetent consent

1.2.02 1.3 A Explain the medical directors legal responsibilities regarding medical direction & control

1.2.03 1.3 A Define the following :a) duty to actb) abandonmentc) negligenced) informed consente) ethical responsibilitiesf) patient refusal of careg) reasonable man test

1.2.04 1.1.e A Explain the importance, necessity and legality of patient confidentiality

1.2.05 1.1.b A Explain the difference between professional and non-professional behaviors

1.2.06 1.4.a A Explain role and responsibility as it relates to health care directives

1.2.07 1.4.a A Explain role and responsibility as it relates to Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders

1.2.08 1.3.c A Explain the requirements for proper and adequate documentation

1.3 Well Being of the EMS Professional

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Topics1.3.01 A Discuss the following

1.1.c a) appropriate dress and maintenance of personal hygiene3.1.e b) define maintenance of personal physical fitness

1.3.02 3.1.c AIdentify the emotional reactions that an EMS professional may experience when faced with trauma, illness, death and dying

1.3.03 2.1.e A Identify the reactions a family member may exhibit when confronted with any incident causing undue stress

1.3.04 2.1.e A Identify the steps in the EMS professional’s approach to the family confronted with death and dying

1.3.05 3.1.b A List the reactions an EMS professional’s family may exhibit due to the professional’s involvement in EMS

1.3.06 2.4.g S Exhibit defusing and self-protection behaviours appropriate for use with patients and bystandersa) demonstrate methods of defusing and self-protectionb) apply safety precautions when dealing with patients suffering from psychiatric illnesses

1.3.07 3.3.f AList the steps an EMS professional should take for personal protection from airborne and bloodborne pathogens including:

a) body substance isolation b) personal protective equipment

1.3.08 3.1.c A Define critical incident stress

1.3.09 3.1.c A List the signs and symptoms of stress

1.3.10 3.1.e A Identify the steps an EMS professional may take to reduce or alleviate stress

1.3.11 3.3.f S Demonstrate the use of appropriate personal protective equipment including proper removal and discard

1.3.12 3.3.g A Identify proper disinfecting and cleaning techniques

1.3.13 3.3.g S Demonstrate correct equipment cleaning and disinfecting techniques

1.3.14 3.1.e A Exhibit physical strength and fitness consistent with the requirements of professional practice

1.3.15 3.3.b A Understand and manage potential occupational hazards

1.4 Lifting and Handling

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Topics1.4.01 3.2.a A Identify the principles of effective body mechanics

1.4.02 3.2.a A Describe the general considerations for lifting and handling

1.4.03 3.2 A Discuss potential injuries common to EMS practitioners

1.4.04 3.2 A Describe the guidelines for reaching and their application

1.4.05 3.2 A Explain the guidelines and safety precautions for:a) lifting a patient

b) carrying a patient and / or equipment

1.4.06 3.2 S Perform correct and safe carrying procedures for the following patient movements:a) lifting on stairs

b) direct ground lift c) extremity lift d) walking assist e) transfer from bed to stretcher

1.4.07 3.2 A Describe situations that may require the use of an emergency move

1.4.08 3.2 S Demonstrate positioning a patient as follows:a) supine

b) prone c) fowler d) semi-fowler e) lateral recumbent (recovery) f) trendelenberg

1.4.09 3.2 A Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the following patient carrying devices:a) wheeled stretcher

b) portable stretcher c) stair chair d) scoop stretcher e) long spine board

1.5 Communications

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Topics1.5.01 2.1.g A Identify the importance of the use of the medical dictionary

1.5.02 2.1.g A List common medical abbreviations

1.5.03 2.2 S Identify the Manitoba Patient Care Report components including: a) required information b) legal implications and considerations c) aspects of an appropriate versus inappropriate report

d) organize patient information for the purposes of a written reporte) communicate accurate, organized and relevant documentation

1.5.04 2.2.a A Describe the correct way to make a correction on a patient care report

1.5.05 1.3.b A List special considerations regarding patient refusal

1.5.06 2.1.a A Identify various telecommunication systems

1.5.07 2.1.b A Identify communication procedures that increase effectiveness and efficiency of verbal communication

1.5.08 2.1.a S Deliver an organized, accurate and relevant report utilizing telecommunication devicesa) demonstrate use of various telecommunication devicesb) demonstrate an organized, accurate and relevant telecommunication report

1.5.09 1.3.a A Explain medical direction and quality control

2.1.b ADescribe the general guidelines in providing a verbal report of patient information to another health care professional

1.5.10 2.1.g S Communicate by integrating medical and non-medical terminology

1.5.11 2.1.b S Deliver an organized, accurate and relevant verbal report.a) organize information for a verbal reportb) demonstrate an organized, accurate and relevant verbal report

1.5.12 2.1.c S Deliver an organized, accurate and relevant patient history.a) organize a patient history for the purposes of oral communication.b) communicate an organized, accurate and relevant patient history

1.5.13 2.3.b S Practice active listening techniques.a) demonstrate active listening in interactions with colleagues, patients and othersb) communicate openly despite the impeding non-verbal behaviour of others

1.5.14 1.6.c S Demonstrate delegation of tasks appropriately

1.5.15 2.1.d S Demonstrate effective communication to patient about their situation and how they will be treated

1.5.16 2.4.a S Demonstrate behaviour that is respectful to patients

1.5.17 2.4.f S Demonstrate behaviour showing diplomacy, tact, and discretion

1.5.18 2.4.b S Demonstrate empathy and compassion

1.5.19 2.4.d S Adjust behaviour to exhibit an appropriate level of confidence.

1.5.20 2.4.e S Demonstrate appropriate assertive behaviour in interactions

1.5.21 1.6.a S Demonstrate reasonable and prudent judgement

1.5.22 1.6.b S Demonstrate problem solving

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Topics1.5.23 2.1.f S Adapt communications to language appropriate to the listener

1.5.24 2.1.e S Demonstrate effective interactions with the patient, relatives and bystanders who are in stressful situations

1.5.25 2.4.f S Manage and provide support to patients, bystanders and relatives manifesting emotional reactions.

1.5.26 2.4.a A Identify cultural factors that may affect non-verbal communication

1.5.27 1.5.b S Accept and deliver constructive feedback a) describe constructive feedbackb) receive constructive feedbackc) acknowledge constructive feedbackd) demonstrate providing constructive feedback within professional practice

1.6 EMS Operations and Transportation

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Topics6.01 1.4 A Discuss the following provincial legislation related to operating an ambulance: a) Highway Traffic Act and Amendments b) Ambulance Service Act and Regulations

6.02 7.1 A Describe preparing an ambulance for service including:a) vehicle and safety checkb) disinfecting and cleaning

6.02.1 7.1 S Conduct vehicle maintenance and safety checka) identify components of a maintenance checkb) identify components of a safety checkc) demonstrate a maintenance checkd) demonstrate a safety check

6.03 7.2 A Describe safe operation of an emergency vehicle including: a) safety b) speed limits c) emergency warning devices d) right-of-way e) turning f) backing up g) stopping and parking h) defensive driving i) adjusting driving to ensure patient comfort

6.04 7.2 A Considerations for safe operation of an emergency vehicle in adverse weather conditions

6.05 7.3 A Describe creating a safe landing zone for rotary wing aircraft

6.06 7.3 A Describe safety considerations including safe approach for the following:a) stationary rotary-wing aircraftb) stationary fixed-wing aircraft

6.07 7.4.a A Describe preparation of a patient for air medical transport

2.1 Airway Management

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Topics2.1.01 4.4.b S Assess respiration:

a) describe the physiology of respirationb) modify respiratory assessment to patient agec) evaluate respiratory rate, effort, excursion and symmetryd) distinguish between adequate and inadequate respiratory efforte) list factors that influence the respiratory ratef) demonstrate respiratory assessmentg) adapt techniques of obtaining respirations to patient situation

2.1.02 5.1.a S Use manual maneuvers and positioning to maintain airway patency:a) define methods of relieving the symptoms of airway obstructionb) describe the types of airway opening maneuvers for various patientsc) describe the indications, contraindications and precautions of performing airway maneuversd) apply problem-solving techniques required with various types of patientse) demonstrate maneuvers and positioning for head, neck & jaw positioning which improve airway patencyf) demonstrate manual airway maneuvers under a variety of patient and environmental presentationsg) adjust to changes in patients airway patencyh) demonstrate management of potential complications of airway maneuvers

2.1.03 5.1.b S Suction oropharynx:a) identify the purposes of and indications for oropharyngeal suctioningb) describe suctioning equipment including: mucous trap, bulb syringe, portable suction, tonsil tip catheter, french catheterc) explain established standards of maintenance for suctioning equipmentd) identify pressure limitations for suctioning various age groupse) operate suctioning devicesf) demonstrate suctioning using safe techniqueg) adjust suctioning techniques to changes in patient's conditionh) list potential complications of suctioningi) demonstrate how to clean and disinfect suctioning equipment

2.1.04 5.2.a A Prepare oxygen delivery devices:a) identify indications for oxygen administrationb) identify the purpose of oxygen administrationc) identify oxygen administration complicationsd) describe the safe handling of oxygen delivery systemse) discuss oxygen administration precautionsf) identify different oxygen cylinder types and sizesg) apply the formulas that determine oxygen cylinder factors, volume (or type) and maximum filling volumes and durationh) identify various types of oxygen delivery systemsi) explain the difference between portable and fixed delivery systems

2.1.05 5.2.b S Utilize portable oxygen delivery systems:a) describe the sequential steps for setting up oxygen delivery systemsb) operate oxygen delivery systemsc) demonstrate cleaning and disinfection of oxygen delivery system

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Topics2.1.06 5.3.a S Administer oxygen using nasal cannula:

a) identify the purposes of and indications for the use of a nasal cannulab) list the steps for administration of oxygen by nasal cannulac) perform oxygen administration using a nasal cannulad) adjust to changes in patient presentation

2.1.07 5.3.b S Administer oxygen using low concentration mask:a) identify the purposes of and indications for the use of a low concentration maskb) list the steps for administration of oxygen by a low concentration maskc) perform oxygen administration using a low concentration maskd) adjust to changes in patient presentatio

2.1.08 5.3.d S Administer oxygen using high concentration mask:a) identify the purposes of and indications for the use of a high concentration maskb) list the steps for administration of oxygen by a high concentration maskc) perform oxygen administration using a high concentration maskd) adjust to changes in patient presentation

2.1.09 5.3.e S Utilize oxygen using pocket mask:a) identify the purposes of and indications for the use of a pocket maskb) list the steps for administration of oxygen by a pocket maskc) perform oxygen administration using a pocket maskd) adjust to changes in patient presentation

2.1.10 5.1.d S Utilize oropharyngeal airway:a) identify the purpose and indications for inserting an oropharyngeal airwayb) discuss oropharyngeal airway types and sizesc) perform oropharyngeal airway sizing proceduresd) perform insertion of an oropharyngeal airwaye) adjust to changes in patient presentation

2.1.11 5.1.e S Utilize nasopharyngeal airway.a) identfy the purpose and indications for inserting a nasopharyngeal airway.b) discuss nasoropharyngeal airway types and sizesc) perform nasopharyngeal airway sizing proceduresd) perform insertion of an nasopharyngeal airwaye) adjust to changes in patient presentation

2.1.12 6.1.j A Describe the special precautions of working with a patient with an indwelling tracheotomy tube

2.1.13 5.4.a S Provide oxygenation and ventilation using manual positive pressure devices.a) identify the purposes of and indications for the use of a manual positive pressure deviceb) list the steps for administration of oxygen by a manual positive pressure devicec) perform ventilation using a manual positive pressure deviced) distinguish between one person or two person application of a manual positive pressure devicee) adjust to changes in patient presentation

2.1.14 5.1.i S Remove airway foreign bodies (AFB).a) identify the indications for AFB removalb) describe the methods of relieving airway obstructionsc) describe the differences in technique required for AFB removal in various age groupsd) perform AFB removal under a variety of presentationse) adjust to changes in patient presentationf) identify potential complications of AFB removal

3.1 The Human Body

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Topics3.1.01 4.3 A Describe surface anatomy of the human body

3.1.02 4.3 A Identify cell structure and function

3.1.03 A Describe the structure and function of each of the following body systems:4.3.j a) musculo-skeletal4.3.c b) cardiovascular4.3.e c) respiratory4.3.d d) neurological6.1.i e) endocrine4.3.i f) integumentary4.3.h g) genitourinary4.3.f h) reproductive4.3.g i) gastrointestinal

3.2 Assessments

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Topics3.2.01 3.3.a A Describe scene safety

3.2.02 3.3.a A List the steps in performing a scene assessment

3.2.03 3.3.f A List personal protective equipment

3.2.04 3.3b A Identify recognition of hazards or potential hazards

3.2.05 4.2.f A Explain assessing the need for additional resources

3.2.06 4.1.a A Explain determining number of patients

3.2.07 4.3.a A Identify conditions that necessitate immediate transport

3.2.08 4.3.a A Describe the primary survey

3.2.09 4.1.a A Discuss reasons for forming a general impression

3.2.10 4.3.a A Identify methods of assessing altered level of consciousness

3.2.11 4.3.a A List the steps for conducting a primary assessment

3.2.12 4.3.a A Describe the following: a) method of assessing airway and breathingb) method of assessing pulsec) implications for EMS transportd) importance and purpose of an ongoing assessment

3.2.13 4.3.a A Identify the importance of assessing a patient for:a) external bleedingb) chest assessment c) immediate threats to life

3.2.14 4.3.a S Demonstrate the primary survey including:a) assessment of the level of consciousnessb) airway assessmentc) breathing assessmentd) assessing pulsee) assessing a patient for external bleedingf) chest assessment

3.2.15 4.3.a S Conduct primary patient assessment and interpret findings:a) adapt assessment techniques to primary assessment findingsb) perform procedures to address problems found in the primary assessment

3.2.16 4.3.a A List the determination of death criteria

3.2.17 4.3.b A List the steps in performing a secondary assessment

3.2.18 4.3.b S Demonstrate a secondary survey

3.2.19 4.3.b S Conduct secondary patient assessment and interpret findings:a) adapt assessment techniques to secondary assessment findingsb) perform procedures to address problems found in the secondary assessment

3.2.20 4.3.b A Identify the steps to be taken when an injury is found in the secondary survey:a) life or limb threateningb) non-life or limb threatening

3.3 History Taking, Vital Signs and Diagnostics

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Topics3.3.01 4.2.a S Obtain list of patient’s allergies:

a) list common examples of allergensb) describe how an allergen can affect individualsc) evaluate how information about an allergy will affect patient cared) demonstrate the skill of obtaining information about allergies into history gathering procedurese) demonstrate the skill of obtaining information about allergies into history gathering procedures

3.3.02 4.2.b S Obtain list of patient's medications:a) apply various methods of discovering patient's medication profileb) demonstrate the skill of obtaining a list of medications into history gathering procedure

3.3.03 4.2.c S Obtain chief complaint and / or incident history from patient, family members and / or bystanders:a) demonstrate the skill of obtaining incident history into the overall patient assessmentb) adapt interview techniques to the incident history findingsc) integrate incident history information into patient care procedures

3.3.04 4.2.d S Obtain information regarding patient’s past medical history:a) demonstrate the skill of obtaining medical history into the overall patient assessmentb) demonstrate interview techniques appropriate to the medical history findingsc) integrate medical history information into patient care procedures

3.3.05 4.2.e S Obtain information about patient’s last oral intake:a) list situations when information about a patient's last oral intake may be requiredb) list methods of discovering information regarding last oral intakec) demonstrate the skill of obtaining information regarding last oral intake into the overall patient assessment

3.3.06 4.2.f S Obtain information regarding incident through accurate and complete scene assessment:a) demonstrate the skill of obtaining incident information into the overall scene assessmentb) adapt scene management from information gained during continuous scene assessmentc) integrate incident information into patient care procedures

3.3.07 4.4.a S Assess pulse:a) define "pulse"b) identify sites where a pulse may be foundc) modify pulse check to age of patientd) evaluate arterial pulse rate, rhythm, and qualitye) distinguish between normal and abnormal findingsf) identify factors that influence the pulse rateg) demonstrate pulse assessmenth) adapt techniques of obtaining pulse to patient situation

3.3.08 4.4.b S Assess respiration:a) describe the physiology of respirationb) modify respiratory assessment to patient agec) evaluate respiratory rate, effort, excursion and symmetryd) distinguish between adequate and inadequate respiratory efforte) list factors that influence the respiratory ratef) demonstrate respiratory assessmentg) adapt techniques of obtaining respirations to patient situation

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Topics3.3.09 4.4.d S Measure blood pressure by auscultation:

a) describe the physiology of pulse pointsb) analyze the strengths and weaknesses of an auscultated blood pressurec) identify factors that may influence an auscultated blood pressured) demonstrate auscultated determination of blood pressuree) adapt technique of auscultating blood pressure to patient situation

3.3.10 4.4.e S Measure blood pressure by palpation:a) describe the physiology of pulse pointsb) analyze the strengths and weaknesses of a palpated blood pressurec) identify factors that may influence a palpated blood pressured) demonstrate palpated determination of blood pressuree) adapt technique of palpating blood pressure to patient situation

3.3.11 4.4.g S Assess skin condition:a) list three parameters used to assess skin conditionb) identify the factors that affect skin temperature, colour and moisturec) distinguish between normal and abnormal findings when assessing skin colourd) identify how to assess skin colour changes in different racese) demonstrate assessment of skin condition utilizing three parametersf) adapt technique of skin assessment to patient age and race

3.3.12 4.4.h S Assess pupils:a) list the three parameters used to assess pupilsb) identify conditions that affect pupil size, symmetry and reactivityc) distinguish between normal and abnormal findings when assessing pupils for size, symmetry and reactivityd) demonstrate pupil assessment utilizing the three parameterse) adapt technique of assessing pupils to patient situation

3.3.13 4.4.i S Assess level of mentation:a) List factors that affect patient's mental status.b) Apply methods of assessing level of consciousness.c) Demonstrate assessment of level of consciousness.d) Adapt technique of assessing level of mentation to patient age

3.3.14 4.4 A Describe the importance of an ongoing assessment of a patients' vital signs.

3.3.15 4.5.c S Conduct blood glucose testing:a) identify the indications for use of a glucometerb) describe normal and abnormal blood glucose readingsc) describe the function of the glucometerd) describe and demonstrate obtaining a blood glucose readinge) identify the requirements for documentation of blood glucose reading

3.3.16 4.5.a S Obtain a pulse oximeter reading:a) list the basic principles of oxygenation and pulse oximetryb) describe normal and abnormal oxygen saturation valuesc) describe the functions of the pulse oximeter componentsd) list the indications for pulse oximeter usee) list the factors affecting pulse oximeter usef) list the limitations of pulse oximeter measurementsg) describe and demonstrate operation of a pulse oximeterh) describe pulse oximeter troubleshooting techniques

4.1 Bleeding & Shock

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Topics4.1.01 6.1.a A Define the following:

6.1.f a) arterial bleedingb) venous bleedingc) capillary bleedingd) hemorrhagee) shockf) internal bleedingg) hypovolemic shockh) perfusioni) artery j) veink) tourniquetl) epistaxism) cyanosisn) compartment syndrome

4.1.02 6.1.a A Identify the components and function of blood

4.1.03 5.5.b S Control external hemorrhage a) identify the purposes of and indications for hemorrhage control through the use of direct pressure, patient positioning and tourniquet

b) list the steps for hemorrhage control through the use of direct pressure, patient positioning and tourniquetc) perform hemorrhage control through the use of direct pressure, patient positioning and tourniquetd) discuss potential complications of hemorrhage control through the use of direct pressure, patient positioning and tourniquete) adapt to changes in patient presentation

4.1.04 6.1.a A Explain the following conditions in terms of: description, definition, causes, signs and symptoms, assessment, and management:a) internal bleedingb) hypovolemic shockc) hemorrhagic shockd) cardiogenic shocke) neurogenic shockf) septic shock

4.2 Soft Tissue Injuries

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Topics4.2.01 6.1.f A Describe the structure and function of the skin

4.2.02 6.1.f A Describe the principles of aseptic technique

4.2.03 6.1.f A Describe the management of open and closed wounds

4.2.04 6.1.f AIdentify the procedure and considerations for assessment and management of the following soft tissue injuries:a) gunshot woundb) impaled objectc) avulsiond) crushe) abrasionf) laceration or incisiong) punctureh) contusioni) amputationj) evisceration

4.2.05 6.1.f/j A List the procedures and considerations for assessment and management of injuries to the following:5.6.c a) eye

b) neckc) face & jawd) nose

4.2.06 5.6.a A Describe the functions and principles of dressings and bandages

4.2.07 5.6.b A Identify the definition, characteristics and management for the following classifications of burns:a) superficial – 1st degreeb) partial thickness - 2nd degreec) full thickness - 3rd degree

4.2.08 5.6.b A List the considerations for management of burn patients

4.2.09 5.6.b A Explain the rule of nines identifying the differences between:a) infantb) childc) adult

4.2.10 5.6.b A List the signs, symptoms and management of the following:a) inhalation burnsb) chemical burns to the eyes or skinc) corneal burnsd) electrical burnse) lightning f) thermal burnsg) radiation burns

4.2.11 6.1.f S Provide care to patient experiencing illness or injury primarily involving integumentary system:

a) describe the approach to a patient presenting with illness or injury involving the integumentary systemb) identify how patient history relates to patient presentationc) communicate information to patient regarding cared) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patiente) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

4.3 Musculoskeletal Injuries

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Topics4.3.01 5.7.a A Define

a) the significance of kinetics in relation to traumatic injuriesb) axialc) appendiculard) extremity

4.3.02 5.7.a A Describe the following principles of splintinga) purposeb) methodsc) complications

4.3.03 5.7.a A Describe and demonstrate assessment and management of the following:a) strains and sprainsb) dislocationc) rib fractured) fractured pelvis (pelvic binding)e) fractured hipf) fractured long bone g) fractured jointh) open versus closed fractures

4.3.04 6.1.g S Provide care to patient experiencing illness or injury primarily involving musculoskeletal system:

a) describe the approach to a patient presenting with illness or injury involving the musculoskeletal systemb) identify how patient history relates to patient presentationc) communicate information to patient regarding cared) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patiente) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

4.4 Head and Spinal Injuries

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Topics4.4.01 4.2.f A Describe history taking for head and spinal injuries.

4.4.02 4.3.d A Define the following terms:a) central nervous systemb) peripheral nervous systemc) symmetryd) Battle’s signe) Raccoon eyes f) altered mental statusg) spinal fluid

4.4.03 3.3.c A Define rapid extrication.

4.4.04 3.3.c A List the indications and contraindications for rapid extrication.

4.4.05 A List the indications and contraindications for the procedure of helmet removal.

4.4.06 5.7.b A Describe the use and limitations for the following devices:a) long spine boardb) scoop stretcher

4.4.07 6.1.b 6.1.g

A Explain the following in terms of: description, definition, causes, signs and symptoms, assessment, and management:a) concussionb) epidural hematomac) subdural hematomad) increased intracranial pressure e) coup and contra coup injuryf) scalp injury or lacerationg) skull injury or fractureh) basilar skull fracturei) facial injury or fracturej) airway injuryk) cervical spine injuryl) spinal fracturem) neurological deficitn) neurological shock

4.4.08 5.7.b A Describe the assessment of a patient with a suspected neck or spinal cord injury.

4.4.09 6.1.c A Describe the airway management of a patient with a suspected neck or spinal cord injury.

4.4.10 6.1.g A Describe the differences between adult and pediatric spinal immobilization.

4.4.11 5.7.b S Demonstrate the following skills:a) stabilization of the cervical spineb) re-alignment of the cervical spine to the neutral positionc) application of the cervical collard) log rolling a patient from a prone position e) log rolling a patient from a supine positionf) immobilization for extrication purposesg) spinal motion restrictionh) procedure for rapid extricationi) helmet removal technique

4.5 Thoracic Injuries

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Topics4.5.01 4.3.e A Describe history taking for thoracic injury.

4.5.02 4.3.e 6.1.c

S Explain the following in terms of: description, definition, causes, signs and symptoms, assessment, and management:a) pneumothorax b) simple pneumothoraxc) open pneumothorax d) tension pneumothoraxe) hemothoraxf) flail chest g) compression injury to the chest h) myocardial contusion

4.6.01 4.3.g A Describe history taking of an abdominal / genitourinary injury.

4.6.02 6.1.d A Explain the following conditions in terms of: description, definition, causes, signs and symptoms, assessment, and management:a) abdominal injuries b) eviscerationc) solid organ injuriesd) hollow viscous injuriese) vascular injuriesf) bladder injuriesg) external genitalia and perineum injuriesh) female reproductive organs injuries

4.6.03 6.1.d SProvide care to patient experiencing illness or injury primarily involving genitourinary / reproductive systems:a) describe the approach to a patient presenting with illness or injury involving the genitourinary / reproductive systemsb) identify how patient history relates to patient presentationc) communicate information to patient regarding caree) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patientf) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

4.6.04 6.1.e S Provide care to patient experiencing illness or injury primarily involving gastrointestinal system:

a) describe the approach to a patient presenting with illness or injury involving the gastrointestinal systemb) identify how patient history relates to patient presentationc) communicate information to patient regarding cared) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patiente) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

4.7.01A Describe the kinematics of the following types of traumatic events and the injuries that maybe associated:

a) assaultb) blast Injuriesc) crush Injuriesd) fallse) rapid deceleration injuriesf) penetrating or blunt injuries

4.6 Abdominal And Genitourinary Injuries

5.1 Respiratory Emergencies

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Topics5.1.01 4.3.e S Conduct respiratory system assessment and interpret findings:

a) Describe the pathophysiology of the following specific respiratory illnesses and injuries i) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ii) pulmonary edema iii) bronchial asthma iv) pulmonary embolism v) pneumonia vi) hyperventilationb) Apply assessment techniques specific to the respiratory system.c) Demonstrate assessment techniques for respiratory illnesses and injuriesd) Adapt assessment techniques to respiratory history findings

5.1.02 6.1.c S Describe and demonstrate the proper procedure for assisting with the administration of a patients Salbutamol metered dose inhaler (MDI).

5.1.03 6.1.c S Provide care to patient experiencing illness or injury primarily involving the respiratory system:a) describe the approach to a patient presenting with illness or injury involving the respiratory systemb) identify how patient history relates to patient presentationc) communicate information to patient regarding cared) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patiente) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

5.2 Cardiovascular Emergencies

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Topics5.2.01 4.3.c S Conduct cardiovascular system assessment and interpret findings:

a) Describe the pathophysiology of the following specific cardiovascular illnesses and injuries i) angina ii) acute coronary syndrome iii) congestive heart failure iv) right sided congestive heart failure v) left sided congestive heart failure vi) hypertension vii) aortic aneurysm viii) cardiac arrest b) Apply assessment techniques specific to the cardiovascular system.c) Demonstrate assessment techniques for cardiovascular illnesses and injuriesd) Adapt assessment techniques to cardiovascular history findings

5.2.02 5.5.j S Conduct Automated External defibrillation:a) define defibrillation�.b) describe the purposes of automated external defibrillationc) discuss the indications for automated external defibrillationd) identify the various types of automated external defibrillatore) list complications to the use of automated external defibrillationf) apply the established standards of automated external defibrillation equipment maintenanceg) operate an automated external defibrillatorh) integrate CPR procedures and automated external defibrillation proceduresi) Adapt procedures to patient presentation.

5.2.03 6.1.a S Provide care to patient experiencing illness or injury primarily involving cardiovascular system:

a) describe the approach to a patient presenting with illness or injury involving the cardiovascular system.b) identify how patient history relates to patient presentationc) communicate information to patient regarding cared) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patiente) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

5.2.04 5.8.k A Administer acetylsalicylic acid (ASA):a) demonstrate an understanding of the pharmacology and mechanism of action of ASAb) list the indications and contraindications for ASA administrationc) identify potential side effectsd) identify appropriate dosagee) describe the proper procedure for ASA administrationf) indentify documentation requirements

5.2.04 5.8.o A Provide patient assist with the administration of nitroglycerine:a) demonstrate an understanding of the pharmacology and mechanisms of action of nitroglycerinb) list the indications and contraindications for nitroglycerin administrationc) identify potential side effects of nitroglycerin d) identify appropriate dosagee) describe the proper procedure for nitroglycerin administrationf) indentify documentation requirements

5.3 Abdominal and Genitournary Emergencies

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Topics5.3.01 4.3.g S Conduct gastrointestinal and genitourinary/reproductive system assessment and interpret findings

4.3.h a) Describe the pathophysiology of the following specific illnesses and injuries i) gastrointestinal bleed ii) peritonitis iii) hepatitis iv) ruptured or leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm v) kidney stones vi) urinary tract infection vii) genital infectionviii) urinary obstruction ix) renal colic x) bowel obstructionb) apply assessment techniques specific to the appropriate body systemc) demonstrate assessment techniques for the above conditionsd) adapt assessment techniques to history findings

5.3.02 6.1.d S Provide care to patient experiencing signs and symptoms involving genitourinary / reproductive systems:a) describe the approach to a patient presenting with genitourinary / reproductive conditionsb) identify how patient history relates to patient presentationc) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patientd) justify approach, assessment, care and transport decisions

5.3.03 6.1.e S Provide care to patient experiencing signs and symptoms involving gastrointestinal system:a) describe the approach to a patient presenting with gastrointestinal conditionsb) identify how patient history relates to patient presentationc) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patientd) justify approach, assessment, care and transport decisions

5.4 Diabetic Emergencies and Altered States

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Topics5.4.01 6.1.I A Describe history taking for a diabetic emergency.

5.4.02 6.1.i A List the structure and function of organ systems related to diabetes mellitus.

5.4.03 4.5.c S Conduct glucometric testing and interpret findings:a) identify indications for glucometric testing.b) identify the factors that affect accuracy of glucometric testing.c) identify normal and abnormal findings when performing glucometric testing.

5.4.04 6.1.i S Provide care to patient experiencing illness primarily involving endocrine system:a) describe the pathophysiology of the following specific endocrine system conditions i) diabetes mellitus - Insulin dependent (IDDM) & non-insulin dependent (NIDDM) ii) hypoglycemia iii) hyperglycemiab) describe the approach to a patient presenting with illness involving the endocrine systemc) identify how patient history relates to patient presentationd) communicate information to patient regarding caree) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patient.f) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

5.4.05 4.3.d A List the structure and function of organ systems related to altered mental states.

5.4.06 4.2.c A Describe history taking for altered mental states.

5.4.07 4.3.d S Conduct neurological system assessment and interpret findings.a) describe the pathophysiology of specific neurological conditions: i) altered mental states ii) syncope iii) transient ischemic attack iv) stroke v) ischemic stroke vi) hemorrhagic stroke vii) seizuresviii) febrile seizures ix) generalized seizures x) status epilepticusb) apply assessment techniques specific to the neurological systemc) demonstrate assessment techniques for neurological illnesses and injuriesd) adapt assessment techniques to neurological history findings

5.4.8 6.1.b S Provide care to patient experiencing illness or injury primarily involving neurological system:a) describe the approach to a patient presenting with illness or injury involving the neurological systemb) identify how patient history relates to patient presentationc) communicate information to patient regarding cared) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patiente) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

5.5 Allergies, Poisoning and Overdose

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Topics5.5.01 6.1.k A Identify the routes of exposure:

a) ingested (gastrointestinal)b) inhaled (respiratory)c) injected (vascular)d) absorbed (topical)

5.5.02 6.1.k A Explain the history taking for the following:a) allergiesb) poisoningc) unintentional poisoningd) intentional poisoninge) overdose

5.5.03 6.1.k A Explain the following in terms of: description, definition, causes, signs and symptoms, assessment, and management:a) carbon monoxide poisoningb) alcohol abusec) drug overdose

5.5.04 6.1.k S Provide care to patient experiencing illness or injury due to poisoning or overdose:a) describe the approach to a patient presenting with medical or physical disorders created from a poisoning or overdose eventb) list the signs and symptoms of specific poisons and overdoses related to the routes of exposurec) identify how patient history relates to patient presentationd) communicate information to patient regarding caree) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patientf) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

5.5.05 5.8.c S Administer epinephrine by auto injector:a) demonstrate an understanding of the pharmacology and mechanism of action of epinephrineb) list the indications and contraindications for epinephrine by auto injectorc) identify potential side effectsd) identify appropriate dosagee) describe the proper procedure for epinephrine administrationf) identify documentation requirementsg) discuss disposal of equipment

5.5.06 6.1.h S Provide care to patient experiencing anaphylaxis:a) describe the anatomy and physiology of the immune systemb) understand how antigens and antibodies play a role in an immune reactionc) list the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxisd) list common causes of anaphylaxise) describe the management of a patient with anaphylaxisf) describe the proper procedure for administration of epinephrine (auto injector)

5.6 Environmental

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Topics5.6.01 6.1.n A Explain the following in terms of: description, definition, causes, signs and symptoms, assessment, and

management:a) drowning or near drowning

b) electrical or lightning injuries c) radiation emergencies d) frostbite e) hypothermia f) mild hypothermia g) moderate hypothermia h) severe hypothermia i) hyperthermia j) heat cramps k) heat exhaustion l) heat stroke

5.6.02 6.1.n SProvide care to patient experiencing illness or injury due to extremes of temperature or adverse environments:a) describe the approach to a patient presenting with illness or injury created by extreme temperatures or adverse environmentsb) identify disease processes that are created by extreme temperatures or adverse environmentsc) identify how patient history relates to patient presentationd) communicate information to patient regarding caree) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patientf) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

5.7 Behavioral

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Topics5.7.01 6.1.p A Identify the legal considerations in managing behavioral emergencies.

5.7.02 6.1.p A Describe the Mental Health Act and its implications for EMS care providers.

5.7.03 6.1.p A Describe the following:a) maniab) violent patientc) depressiond) grief reactione) psychosisf) schizophreniag) drug, toxin, or alcohol induced psychosish) suicidal ideationi) sexual assault

5.7.04 4.3.p S Conduct psychiatric assessment and interpret findings:a) distinguish between the “mentally well" and the “mentally unwell” personb) demonstrate assessment techniques for psychiatric disordersc) adapt assessment techniques to psychiatric history findings.d) communicate appropriately with other health care providers when dealing with a patients suffering from psychiatric disorders

5.7.05 6.1.p S Provide care for patient experiencing psychiatric crisis:a) describe the approach to a patient presenting with psychiatric crisisb) Identify how patient history relates to patient presentationc) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patientd) communicate information to patient regarding caree) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

5.8 Childbirth

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Topics5.8.01 6.1.q A Identify the structure and function of the female reproductive system.

5.8.02 6.1.q A Explain directed history taking for obstetrical emergencies:a) identify how patient history relates to patient presentationb) list indications that suggest the need to prepare for imminent delivery

5.8.03 6.1.q S Provide care for patient in labour:a) communicate information to patient regarding careb) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

5.8.04 6.1.q A Explain the following in terms of: description, definition, causes, signs and symptoms, assessment, and management:a) miscarriageb) vaginal bleedingc) premature labord) multiple birthse) premature birthf) normal deliveryg) prolapsed cordh) breech presentationi) limb presentationj) umbilical cord around the neckk) hemorrhage

5.8.05 6.1.q S Demonstrate the appropriate management of the following:a) miscarriageb) vaginal bleedingc) premature labord) multiple birthse) premature birthf) normal deliveryg) prolapsed cordh) breech presentationi) limb presentationj) umbilical cord around the neckk) hemorrhage

5.8.06 6.1.q A Explain the management of the mother post partum.

5.8.07 6.2.a A Identify the criteria for resuscitation of newborns.

5.8.08 6.2.a S Demonstrate resuscitation of a newborn.

5.8.09 6.2.a S Provide care for neonatal patient:a) list potential complications with neonatal patientsb) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patientc) communicate information to patient's parent(s) regarding cared) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

6.1 Pediatrics

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Topics6.1.01 6.2.b A Describe the structure and function of the pediatric patient in comparison to that of an adult including:

a) airwayb) breathingc) circulationd) developmentale) musculoskeletal

6.1.02 6.2.b A Identify the behavioral approach in pediatric assessment versus adult assessment.

6.1.03 6.2.b A Identify the legal responsibilities and implications of treating pediatric patients.

6.1.04 6.2.b A Explain the airway management of an infant and child.

6.1.05 6.2.b A Demonstrate ventilating an infant and child.

6.1.06 6.2.b A Explain the following related to pediatrics, in terms of: description, definition, causes, signs and symptoms, assessment, and management :a) respiratory distress or arrestb) cardiac arrestc) sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)d) anaphylaxise) altered mental statef) hypovolemic shockg) injury patternsh) abuse or neglecti) burnsj) infection of the ears, nose, throat, skink) meningitisl) seizurem) choking

6.2 Geriatrics

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Topics6.2.01 6.2.c A Describe the structure and function, and changes that occur as it relates to the aging process in the following

systems:a) central nervous systemb) musculoskeletalc) cardiovasculard) respiratorye) genitourinaryf) gastrointestinalg) integumentaryh) endocrinei) lymphatic system(immune)

6.2.02 6.2.c A List the common causes of dyspnea in the geriatric patient. 6.2.03 6.2.c A List the common causes of altered mental status in the geriatric patient. 6.2.04 6.2.c A Explain the reasons the geriatric patient is susceptible to environmentally induced emergencies. 6.2.05 6.2.c A Identify the indicators that would lead to suspicion of geriatric abuse. 6.2.06 6.1.m A List the special considerations in managing the terminally ill or dying patient. 6.2.07 6.1.m A List the special considerations in dealing with the family of the terminally ill or deceased patient.

6.3 Hazardous Materials and Multiple Casualty Incident

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Topics6.3.01 3.3.a A

Identify the role of EMS personnel during a response to a call involving a hazardous material incident including:a) safety considerationsb) initial responsec) scene assessmentd) methods of identification of hazardous materialse) assessmentf) system activationg) site management

6.3.02 3.3.b A List the steps when approaching a hazardous material situation. 6.3.03 3.3.b A Explain the methods for the prevention and management of contamination for the following:

a) selfb) patientc) equipmentd) facilities

6.3.04 4.1.a A Identify the criteria which defines a multiple casualty incident. 6.3.04 4.1.a A Explain the following components of a multiple casualty incident:

a) initial responseb) assessmentc) system activationd) site managemente) triagef) prioritizing using tagsg) patient careh) transporti) post incident

6.3.05 4.1.a S Rapidly assess a scene based on the principles of a triage system:a) perform scene assessments based on a triage systemb) communicate with allied health providers during a scenario

6.4 Gaining Access and Extrication

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Topics6.4.01 4.1.b A Identify the roles and responsibilities of the following at the scene of an extrication:

a) team membersb) communicationsc) caring for the patiente) stabilizing a vehiclef) extricating a patient

6.4.02 3.3.b A Identify methods for gaining access to a patient in the following situations:a) agriculturalb) environmentalc) residentiald) motor vehicle

6.4.03 3.3.c A List the principles of safe, patient centered extrication techniques. 6.4.04 3.2.c A Identify the indications for rapid or emergent extrication. 6.4.05 3.3.a A Explain safety at the scene of an extrication including:

a) personal protection and protective equipment b) protection of the patientc) protection of bystanders

7.1 Integration

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Topics7.1.01 4.3.n S Conduct multisystem assessment and interpret findings:

a) demonstrate assessment techniques for multisystem illnesses and injuriesb) adapt assessment techniques to multisystem history findings

7.1.02 6.1.l S Provide care to patient experiencing non-urgent medical problema) describe the approach to a patient presenting with a non-urgent medical problem:b) distinguish between urgent and non-urgent illnesses and injuriesc) identify how patient history relates to patient presentatione) communicate information to patient regarding caref) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patientg) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

7.1.03 6.3.a S Conduct ongoing assessments based on patient presentation and interpret findings:a) demonstrate ongoing assessments based on patient presentationb) evaluate results of ongoing assessmentsc) integrate assessment and patient care proceduresd) justify ongoing assessment decisions

7.1.04 6.3.b S Re-direct priorities based on assessment findings:a) demonstrate management prioritiesb) communicate changes to patient, family, or primary caregiver(s)c) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

7.1.05 6.1.m S Provide care to patient experiencing terminal illness:a) describe the approach to a patient presenting with a terminal illnessb) identify disease processes that contribute to terminal illnessc) identify how patient history relates to patient presentationd) communicate information to patient regarding caree) demonstrate the ability to approach, assess, treat and transport a patientf) justify approach, assessment, care and transportation decisions

7.1.06 6.1.o S Provide care to trauma patient:a) list trauma indices (scores) for triage and transport decisionsb) demonstrate the ability to prioritize treatment and transport decisionsc) justify approach, assessment, care and transport decisions

7.1.07 6.2.d A Provide care for the physically-impaired patient:a) define "physically impaired patient"b) list common medical emergencies associated with physically-impaired patientsc) list common trauma emergencies associated with physically-impaired patientsd) identify possible abuse or neglect of the physically-impaired patiente) list appropriate assessment techniques for the physically-impaired patient.f) list the approach, treatment and transport methods appropriate to the physically-impaired patientg) justify approach, assessment, care and transport decisions

7.1.08 6.2.e A Provide care for the mentally-impaired patient:a) define "mentally-impaired patient"b) list common medical emergencies associated with mentally-impaired patientsc) list common trauma emergencies associated with mentally-impaired patientsd) identify possible abuse or neglect of the mentally-impaired patiente) list appropriate assessment techniques for the mentally-impaired patientf) list the approach, treatment and transport methods appropriate to the mentally-impaired patient.g) justify approach, assessment, care and transport decisions

7.1.09 6.2.f A Provide care to bariatric patient:a) identify possible abuse or neglectb) describe variations in approach, treatment and transport methodsc) justify approach, treatment and transport decisions