11 Coral Reefs - hmhco.com · PDF filegrow live many their warm water Words to Know Coral...

Characteristics of the Text Genre • Informational Text

Text Structure • Descriptive information• Third person narrative

Content • Characteristics of coral reefs• Variety of animals and plants living in coral reefs

Themes and Ideas • Coral reefs are amazing underwater habitats.• Coral reefs are excellent places for plants and animals to fi nd food and live.• People must work to preserve coral reefs.

Language and Literary Features

• Simple, clear language• Description but no fi gurative use of language

Sentence Complexity • Some complex sentences: One fi sh is called a yellow butterfl y fi sh, but it can’t fl y!• Multiple adjectives: warm, shallow water

Vocabulary • Technical vocabulary related to coral reefs and plants and animals living in the reefs: butterfl y fi sh, hard skeleton, soft body, clownfi sh, lionfi sh

Words • Mostly one and two syllable words supported by the text: animals, fi sh, shallow, danger • High-frequency words: live, their, water

Illustrations • Photographs support and extend text.Book and Print Features • Nine pages of text, photographs on every page; labels on most photos

• Three to six lines of text on a page• All sentences begin on left; many two-line sentences• Labeled diagram of coral

© 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

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Number of Words: 203

L E S S O N 1 1 T E A C H E R ’ S G U I D E

Coral Reefsby Erin Spencer

Fountas-Pinnell Level HInformational TextSelection SummaryMany fascinating plants and animals live in underwater habitats called coral reefs. Because these reefs grow in shallow water, the water is warm and a rich source of food for many kinds of fi sh. Readers are introduced to some of the most colorful fi sh in the world. Within the coral, they can hide from the dangers lurking in the ocean.

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grow live many their warm water

Words to Know

Coral Reefs by Erin Spencer

Build BackgroundHelp children use their knowledge of things that live in the sea to think about the book. Help them anticipate the text with a question like: What kinds of things can you think of that live in the sea?

Introduce the TextGuide children through the text, noting important ideas and helping with unfamiliar language and vocabulary so they can read the text successfully. Here are some suggestions:

: Explain that this book tells about places underwater called coral reefs. Suggested language: Turn to page 2 and look at the picture. The fi rst sentence reads: Many plants and animals live in the ocean. Say the word live. What letter would you expect to see fi rst in live? Find the word live and put your fi nger under it. What are some plants and animals you know that live in the ocean?

Page 3: Explain that some pictures in the book have labels to name things. The label in this picture says: coral reef. Coral reefs grow in warm shallow water, or water that isn’t deep or cold. How does the photo help you understand what a coral reef is?

Pages 4–5: Remind children that information in the pictures can help them read. On page 4 you can see a close-up picture of coral. Tell what you see. How does the diagram on page 5 help you understand what coral is?

Page 6: Turn to page 6 and look at the picture. The label says these fi sh are called clownfi sh. Put your fi nger under the label clownfi sh. Say the word clownfi sh. What are the two smaller words in the word clownfi sh? Why might this fi sh have been given this name?

Now go back to the beginning and read to fi nd out all about coral reefs.

2 Lesson 11: Coral ReefsGrade 1© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

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ReadAs the children read, observe them carefully. Guide them as needed, using language that supports their problem solving ability.

Respond to the TextPersonal ResponseAsk children to share their personal responses to the book. Begin by asking what they liked best about the book, or what they found most interesting.Suggested language: Would you like to visit a coral reef? Why or why not?

Ways of ThinkingAs you discuss the text, help children understand these teaching points:

Thinking Within the Text Thinking Beyond the Text Thinking About the Text

• Many plants and animals live in the ocean.

• Coral reefs grow in the ocean and many animals and plants live in them.

• Coral reefs are amazing habitats.

• People need to work at preserving coral reefs or they may disappear.

• The color photographs refl ect the sensory details described in the text.

• The use of labels helps readers learn the names of plants and animals in the sea.

• The writer’s purpose is to inform readers about the wealth of life living in coral reefs.

© 2006. Fountas, I.C. & Pinnell, G.S. Teaching for Comprehending and Fluency, Heinemann, Portsmouth, N.H.

Choices for SupportFluencyAsk children to choose a page of the book to read aloud. Remind them to pay attention to phrasing. By breaking each sentence into natural phrases, readers refl ect the meaning of the sentence.

Phonemic Awareness and Word WorkProvide practice as needed with words and sounds, using one of the following activities:

• Compound Words Materials: whiteboards, markers. Write these compound words from the story on the board: clownfi sh, butterfl y, lionfi sh, frogfi sh. On their whiteboards, have children write the two words that make up each compound word.

• Ending Sounds Say each of the following words one at a time: plant, coral, fi nd, warm, water, deep. Have children repeat each word, and then say the ending sound.



Writing About ReadingCritical ThinkingRead the directions for children on BLM 11.7 and guide them in answering the questions.

RespondingRead aloud the questions at the back of the book and help children complete the activities.

Target Comprehension SkillAuthor’s Purpose

Target Comprehension Skill Explain to children that they can think about the author’s

purpose by fi nding details in a book that show why the author writes a book. Model how to think about the author’s purpose:

Think Aloud

Thinking about why the author wrote this book will help me learn about coral reefs. The author wants me to know about things that live in coral reefs. On page 3 I see a picture of coral reefs. The description on the page gives details about these places. Here’s one. Coral reefs grow in shallow water. This is water that is not deep. Here’s another detail: This water is warm. These details help me learn about coral reefs.

Practice the SkillHave children choose another book and tell the author’s purpose for writing it.

Writing PromptRead aloud the following prompt. Have children write their response, using the writing prompt on page 6.

Why do people have to work hard to keep coral reefs safe? What would happen if they disappeared? Write a paragraph. Tell what you learned from reading the book.



Read directions to children.

Think About ItWrite the word that completes each

sentence.

1. A coral is a small animal .

rock animal plant

2. Coral reefs need help because they are

dying .

dying growing spreading

Making Connections Think of a fish with a

name such as lionfish that might live in a coral

reef. Draw a picture of your new fish. Label

your picture.

9 Grade 1, Unit 3: Nature Near and Far

Name

Think About It© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

Coral ReefsThink About It

Lesson 11B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 1 1 . 7

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English Language LearnersReading Support In Introduce the Text (p.2), use pictures, concrete objects, or demonstrations that will help children understand the concepts and ideas in the text. Don’t ask children to read any text they will not understand.

Oral Language DevelopmentCheck the children’s comprehension, using a dialogue that best matches your children’s English profi ciency level. Speaker 1 is the teacher, Speaker 2 is the child.

Beginning/ Early Intermediate Intermediate Early Advanced/ Advanced

Speaker 1: What do you see on the cover?

Speaker 2: two yellow fi sh

Speaker 1: What is this book about?

Speaker 2: coral reefs

Speaker 1: Where are coral reefs?

Speaker 2: in the ocean

Speaker 1: What lives in coral reefs?

Speaker 2: plants and animals

Speaker 1: Why do animals live there?

Speaker 2: It’s easy to fi nd food in warm, shallow water.

Speaker 1: What is coral?

Speaker 2: It’s an animal.

Speaker 1: Why do fi sh like to live in coral reefs?

Speaker 2: They can hide from danger and it’s easy to fi nd food.



Name Date

Coral ReefsWhy do people have to work hard to keep coral reefs safe? What would happen if they disappeared? Write a paragraph. Tell what you learned from reading the book.


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Think About ItWrite the word that completes each

sentence.

1. A coral is a small .

rock animal plant

2. Coral reefs need help because they are

.

dying growing spreading

Making Connections Think of a fish with a

name such as lionfish that might live in a coral

reef. Draw a picture of your new fish. Label

your picture.

Name

Coral ReefsThink About It

Lesson 11B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 1 1 . 7



1413313

Student Date Lesson 11

B L A C K L I N E M A S T E R 1 1 . 1 2

Coral ReefsRunning Record Form

Coral Reefs • LEVEL H

Behavior Code Error

Read word correctly ✓cat 0

Repeated word, sentence, or phrase

®cat

0

Omission —cat 1

Behavior Code Error

Substitution cutcat 1

Self-corrects cut sccat 0

Insertion the

cat 1

Word told Tcat 1

page Selection Text Errors Self-Corrections

2

3

4

Many plants and animals live

in the ocean.

Some plants live in coral reefs.

Many different animals live in

coral reefs, too.

Coral reefs grow in water that

is not deep. This water is warm.

It is easy for animals to find

food in warm water.

This is a coral polyp, many

thousands of which make corals.

Comments: Accuracy Rate (# words read

correctly/57 × 100)

%

Self-Correction Rate

(# errors + # Self-Corrections/ Self-Corrections)

1:


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