1.1 Basic Principles of Pharmacology - Compiled Questionnaires

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1.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES of PHARMACOLOGY

PHARMACOLOGY

What is the factor that predicts the rate of elimination in relation to

the drug concentration?

A. Clearance (Answer) B. Half-life C. Bioavailability D. Excretion

The time required to change the amount of drug in the body by one-

half during elimination?

A. Absorption B. Clearance C. Half-life (Answer) D. Metabolism

Produces a lower response at full receptor occupancy?

A. Inverse Agonist B. Competitive Antagonist C. Full Agonist D. Partial Agonist (Answer)

The dose required to produce a particular toxic effect in 50% of

animals is called?

A. TD-50 (Answer) B. ED-50 C. LD-50 D. TI

When a response diminishes rapidly after administration of a drug

the response is said to be subject to?

A. Hyporeactive B. Tachyphylaxis(Answer) C. Idiosycracy D. Tolerance

It is the rate at which a drug leaves its site of administration and the

extent to which this occurs to reach the systemic circulation

A. Absorption

B. Distribution

C. Metabolism

D. Excretion

What is the dose required to produce the pharmacologic effect?

A. Loading dose

B. Therapeutic dose

C. Maintenance dose

The ff are well established second messengers, except

A. CAMP

B. Phosphoinositides

C. cGMP

D. Acetylcholine

This is determined by the drug's mode of interaction with the

receptor or by the characteristic of the receptor - effector system

involved

A. Safety

B. Suitability

C. Maximal efficacy

D. Affordability

Phase I reactions of biotransformation includes the ff except

A. Oxidation

B. Reduction

C. Methylation

D. Hydrolysis

What type of chemical bond is usually quite weak and are probably

important in the interactions of highly lipid soluble drugs with the

lipids of cell membrane?

A. Covalent

B. Electrostatic

C. Hydrophobic

D. Lipophilic

How do you call the amount of drug that enters the body depends

on the patient's adherence to the prescribed regimen and on the

rate and extent of transfer from the site of administration to the

blood?

A. Absorption

B. Distribution

C. Excretion

D. Metabolism

Type of clearance that varies depending on the concentration of the

drug that is achieved.

A. Capacity limited

B. Flow dependent elimination

C. Michaelis Menten elimination

D. Both A & C

What phase of reaction involves the non-microsomal enzymes?

A. Phase I

B. Phase II

C. Phase III

D. Phase IV

The dose that kills approximately 50% of the animals

A. No effect dose

B. Minimum lethal dose

C. Maximum lethal dose

D. Median lethal dose (LD50)

The study of the genetic variations that causes differences in drug

response among individuals and population

A. Pharmacogenetics

B. Pharmacology

C. Pharmacodynamics

D. Pharmacokinetics

These are the drugs that binds to receptors but do not activate

generation of signal

A. Agonist

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1.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY

Pharmacology

B. Antagonist

C. Enzymes

D. Receptor

Down regulation of a receptor is brought about by prolonged

exposure to

A. Agonist

B. Antagonist

C. Mixed antagonist

D. AOTA

Fraction of the administered dose of a drug that reaches the

systemic circulation

A. Clearance

B. Volume of distribution

C. Bioavailability

D. Half life

Most efficient route of administration is

A. Intravenous

B. Intramuscular

C. Oral

D. Rectal

What is Phase II reaction?

A. Functionalization of reaction (Oxidation, Reduction,

Hydrolysis)

B. Synthesis of inactive or active polar metabolites

C. Excretion of metabolites

Drug causing alkaline phosphate and bilirubin (Obstructive

pattern)

A. Chlorpromazine

B. Erythromycin

C. Both

D. NOTA

Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug

present in the body at the same concentration as in plasma

A. Volume of distribution

B. Clearance

C. Bioavailability

D. First pass effect

A dose that proves lethal to 50% of a given population

A. LD50

B. Median lethal dose

C. Both

D. NOTA

Intrinsic ability of the body to remove drug from the plasma

A. Clearance


C. First pass effect

D. Steady state concentration

Term that defines absorption, distribution and elimination of drug

A. Pharmacokinetics

B. Pharmacodynamics

C. Drug distribution

D. Bioavailability

Oral route, what is the efficacy percentage?

A. 5-100%

B. 75-100%

C. 80-100%

D. 100%

Most common organ of elimination

A. Liver

B. Kidney

C. Stomach

D. Intestine

Phase I of metabolism

A. Functionalization of reaction

B. Synthesis of inactive or active polar metabolites

C. Excretion of metabolites

Drug causing gallstone (mechanical obstruction)

A. Fibrates

B. Lipid lowering drugs

C. Octreotide

D. AOTA

Second messenger system except

A. cAMP

B. PIP2 & PIP3

C. DAG

D. Mg++

Which G-protein receptor acts in brain

A. GS

B. G1

C. G9

D. G0

Two drugs acting on same site but on different receptors

A. Physiologic antagonists

B. Pharmacokinetic antagonist

C. Competitive pharmacologic antagonist

D. Non-competitive pharmacologic antagonists

Amount of drug in body/Concentration of drug in blood = ?

A. Volume of distribution

B. Clearance

C. Rate of elimination

D. Half-life

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Pharmacology

The study of substance that interact with living systems through

chemical process, especially by binding to regulatory molecules and

activating or inhibiting normal body process is called

A. Pharmacology

B. Phamacodynamics

C. Pharmacokinetics

D. Toxicology

Which is the most easiest and most convenient route of

administration?

A. Oral

B. Intradermal

C. Subcutaneous

D. Intradermal

The most important transport mechanism for the movement of

drugs across cellular membrane

A. Lipid diffusion

B. Aqueous diffusion

C. Calcium mediated transport

D. Paracellular transport

Reactions involve in Phase I reaction

A. Oxidation, Reduction

B. Oxidation, Hydrolysis

C. Hydrolysis

D. Hydrolysis, Reduction

Enzyme involved in Phase II reaction

A. Transferase

B. Carboxylase

C. Hydrolase

D. Dehydrogenase

Rapid decrease in effect of a drug after repeated exposure

A. Tachyphylaxis

B. Tolerance

C. Potency

D. Amplification

Any pharmacologic antagonists that binds to a site on the receptor

other than the agonist binding site

A. Non-competitive antagonist

B. Prodrug

C. Physiologic antagonist

D. Chemical antagonist

Any pharmacologic antagonist that binds to the agonist receptor

site preventing the binding of agonist

A. Competitive antagonist

B. Non-competitive antagonist

C. Prodrug

D. Chemical antagonist

What is the mechanism by which the body terminates the action of

some drugs and also serves to activate prodrugs?

A. Bioavailability

B. Biotransformation

C. Enzyme induction

D. Enzyme inhibition

Drug characteristics contributing to reliable transdermal drug

absorption

A. Molecular weight less than 1000

B. Drug does not cause histamine release

C. The daily drug requirement is less than 10 mg

D. In saturated aqueous solution, the pH range is 5-9

E. AOTA

Convert parent drug to a more polar metabolite, that may be readily

excreted.

A. Phase I reaction

B. Phase II reaction

C. Phase III reaction

D. Phase IV reaction

After oral administration, many drugs are absorbed intact from the

small intestine and transported via the portal system to the liver,

where they undergo extensive metabolism.

A. Pharmacokinetics

B. First pass effect

C. Second pass effect

D. Pharmacodynamics

They may be blinded and placebo controlled.

A. Phase 3

B. Phase 2

C. Phase 1

D. Phase II rxn

Drugs for rare diseases, difficult to research, develop and market.

A. Prodrug

B. Orphan drugs

C. CYP450

D. L- DOPA

Deals with the undesirable effects of chemicals on the living

systems, from individual cells to humans to complex ecosystem.

A. Bioaccumulation

B. Adverse drug rxn

C. Toxicology

D. Hazard

The prescriber must know the relative pharmacologic potency and

maximal efficacy of the drugs in relation to the desired therapeutic

effect.

A. Quantal dose effect

B. Graded dose response

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Pharmacology

C. Adverse drug reaction

D. Dose response curve

The measure of the ability of the body to eliminate the drug.

A. Elimination


C. Excretion

D. Clearance

The volume of blood that is cleared of the drug at a given time

A. Clearance

B. Half life

C. Volume of distribution

D. Bioavailability

Pharmacokinetics

A. What the drug does to the body

B. What the body does to the drug

C. How the body reacts to a drug

D. How the drug acts on the body

Drug with full affinity with receptors but intrinsic activity is 0 or

produces effect opposite to that of antagonist drug.

A. Full agonist

B. Partial agonist

C. Inverse agonist

D. Antagonist

Inactive chemical that is converted to an active drug at a given time.

- Pro drug

Study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their

mechanism of action. - Pharmacodynamics

The fraction of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation. -

Bioavailability

The time required to change the amount of drug in the body by one

half during elimination - Half life

Relates to the amount of drug in the body to the concentration of

drug in blood or plasma - Volume of distribution

Fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation

following administration by any route - Bioavailability

Concentration or dose of a drug required to produce 50% of drug's

maximal effect - Potency

Dose required to kill half the members of the specified population -

Median lethal dose

Second messengers - cAMP, Phosphoinositides, Calcium and

Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate

Described as "What the body does to a drug" - Pharmacokinetics

A measure of the amount of drug that is actually absorbed from a

given dose is called - Bioavailability

Drugs that bind to & activate a given receptor but does not have

complete efficacy at the receptor - Partial agonist

Group of transmembrane ion channel proteins which allow passage

of ions upon activation by specific chemical such as

neurotransmitter - Ligand gated channel

The amount of drug that enters the body of the patient's from the

site of administration to the blood - Absorption

A phenomenon of drug metabolism which is orally administered is

its concentration that is greatly reduced before it reaches the

systemic circulation - first pass effect

The dose that kills approximately 50% of animals - Median lethal

dose

Where do drug metabolism occur - liver

What the drug does to the body? - Pharmacokinetics

The time required to change the amount of drug in the body by one-

half during elimination - Half life

The movement of the drugs from its site of administration into the

circulation - Absorption

Have affinity but no intrinsic activity - Competitor antagonists

The smallest dose that is observed to kill any experimental animal -

Minimal lethal dose

A measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount

required to produce an effect of given intensity - Potency

The dose at which 50% of individual exhibit specified quantal effect

- Median effective dose (ED50)

The rate of elimination is directly proportional to the drug

concentration - First order (exponential) kinetics

This is the ratio of the TD50 to the ED50 - Therapeutic index

It has affinity and submaximal intrinsic activity - Partial agonist

It is the ultimate change in biological function brought about as a

consequence of drug action, through a series of intermediate step -

Drug effect

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Pharmacology

It is defined as the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged

drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal

pharmacokinetic properties of drugs - Bioavailability

The time required to change the amount of drug in the body by one

- half during elimination - Half life

This is defined as the study of substances that interact with living

systems through chemical process especially by binding to

regulatory molecules and activation or inhibiting normal body

process - Pharmacology

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END OF TRANS EAC-SM PHARMACOLOGY SUMMER CLASS 2017

You can, you should, and if youre brave enough to start, you will.

Stephen King

1.1 Basic Principles of Pharmacology - Compiled Questionnaires

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