11 april 2007 JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e 1

Domotica voor een gezond Domotica voor een gezond binnenmilieubinnenmilieu

In:

Domotica in de woon- en leefomgeving

Evoluon, woensdag 11 april 2007

11 april 2007 JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e 2

The Dutch Situation:The Dutch Situation:Life is lengthened with unhealthy yearsLife is lengthened with unhealthy years

11 april 2007 JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e 3

(Geron)technology domotics, (Geron)technology domotics, for whom?for whom?

Source: http://esa.un.org/unpp; http://eng.stat.gov.tw/

50

100

150

200

250

300

Mainland China Taiwan Netherlands Italy

Regions

Sex

rat

io:

Fem

ales

/ 1

00 m

ales

At birth 50 yrs and over75 yrs and over 85 yrs and over

11 april 2007 JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e 4

Delaying chronic diseaseDelaying chronic disease

C urrent m orbid ity

C om pressed m orb id ity

Birth

Birth

Death

Death

11 april 2007 JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e 5

Inhaled air as an exampleInhaled air as an example

• Asthma – NL: 80% building related: mites, fungi, other pollutants

• COPD (chronic bronchitis, lung emphysema)

– NL: 40% building related: tobacco smoke, other pollutants

• Lung cancer – NL: 25% building related: tobacco smoke, other pollutants

11 april 2007 JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e 6

Reducing mite-allergyReducing mite-allergy

• Mite asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis

• Preventing premature aging of lungs, mucous membranes and skin, from childhood on

• Management of humidity in room textiles

• MEQ (Micro Environment Quality) for mites is based on building characteristics and climate control

• Risk perception of end-user is currently imperfect (medical condition)

f.e.v.boven@tue.nl

surface absolutetemperature humidity

indoor cold moisture ventilationtemperature bridge production

micro environmentquality (MEQ)

Fault tree representing MEQ based on 4 building physics parameters

11 april 2007 JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e 7

HVAC provisions in buildingsHVAC provisions in buildingsto be included in domoticsto be included in domotics

• Preventing pollution, allergies and infectious diseases (Veteran’s disease, SARS, Influenza, etc.)

• Preventing diseases in later life• HVAC (HHeating VVentilation and AAir-

CConditioning) systems have numerous critical points to be managed

• Competing claims of safety (indoor air quality) and social issues (reduction of energy use)

f.franchimon@bwk.tue.nl

Indoor Environment

Air handling unit

Air handling unit

Outdoor Air

Filter

CCP

Humidifier/Dehumidifier

Inlet

Indoor environment/

inhalation

CCP

CCP

Outlet CCP

Heater/Cooler

DistributionDistribution

FanFan

CCPs

Outdoor Air

Filter

Heat Recovery Unit

Critical Control Points (CCP’s)in the HACCP analysis of HVAC Systems

11 april 2007 JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e 8

Disability Adjusted Life YearsDisability Adjusted Life Yearsall calculations concern one calendar year

DALYs of a disease in a population

=

Years lost due to premature death

+

Years in disability x Disability weight

11 april 2007 JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e 9

DALYs calculations:DALYs calculations: The Netherlands: 16 million inhabitants

Disease – total DALYs –

% building related

DALY calculation

Lost Yrs by premature

death

Yrs in disability

Disability weight

Asthma – 34x103 – 80% 1,939 402,506 0.08

COPD – 144x103 – 40% 56,667 282,737 0.31

Lung cancer – 135x103 – 25% 127,517 14,516 0.52

11 april 2007 JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e 10

Gains and costs in The Gains and costs in The NetherlandsNetherlands

asthma, COPD, lung cancer

• Healthy years lost/Yr (DALYs): 313x103

• Smart ventilation systems cost / Yr*: € 2.3x109

• Possible gains in healthy years / Yr: 89x103

• Reduction in healthcare costs / Yr: € 394x106

• Cost of 1 extra healthy year: € 26x103

* Depreciation of investment (15 Yrs), interest, maintenance, and energy

11 april 2007 JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e 11

Expected advantages of smart housing

Germany 2001n = 423, 16-83 yrs old, 56% females, 44% males, 30% home owners, 70%

home renters

• Daily living support• Safety & security• Comfort• Management of energy use• Most health issues not yet perceived

Source: S. Meyer, E. Schultz 2001. Vom Otto Normalverbraucher zur Smart Family. Berlin: Berliner Institut für Sozialforschung; http://www.bis-berlin.de/bestell/bestell_01.shtml

11 april 2007 JEMH van Bronswijk, TU/e 12

ConclusiesConclusies

-Slimme ventilatie, verwarming en koeling in domotica gezondere bevolking

-Echter- strijdig met energiebesparing- relatie met gezondheid weinig bekend

-Ieder extra gezond jaar kost Ieder extra gezond jaar kost €€ 26.000 26.000-Politieke keuzes