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OVERVIEW OF CARBON NANOMATERIALS AND

THEIR APPLICATIONS

Dr. P.K. JAIN

Head, Center for Carbon Materials,

International Advanced Research Center for Powder

Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI),

Hyderabad 500 005

E-mail - pkjain@arci.res.in,pkjain1966@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Carbon is an extraordinary element and of great importance to the scientist as well as fortechnologist. Its unique characteristics made it versatile for many applications areas

ranging from house holds as well as major industries on one hand in high tech aerospace,

defence, nuclear energy and new energy source program on the other hand. Although thecarbon exist in the nature in the uncombined form as diamond and graphite, the principal

source of carbon are coal, petroleum and natural gas. The greater part of the world

conventional fuel resources consist of carbon compounds. All forms of plant and animal

life involves carbon compounds both as component part and in their nutrition process.Although the carbon does not exist in the scale of abundance on and in the earth crust, the

importance of this element can scarcely be overemphasized.

Carbon nanotubes have unique mechanical and electronics properties which makes thema prime candidate for many electronics and other engineering industries. Recently, these

carbon nanotubes were also found to be very attractive reinforcing materials fordevelopment of high performance advanced composites. Based on these properties

many exotic applications have been predicted. Depending on process parameters single

wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) can beproduced. Various techniques have been developed for synthesis of Carbon nanotubes

with unique attributes. Among all the techniques, arc-discharge techniques and CVD

techniques are considered the best techniques for producing high quality carbonnanotubes. In arc discharge technique, graphite is evaporated by generating arc between

two graphite electrodes. Deposits on cathode consist of mainly MWNT along with many

unwanted carbonaceous materials. These materials are to be separated out to get highpurity CNTs. Various techniques exist for purification of carbon nanotubes. Composite

films was developed using MWNT and dispersing it into the polymer matrix. Different

properties were evaluated for these composite films. In CVD technique hydrocarbon gas

is cracked on the suitable substrate in the presence of metal catalyst to grow carbonnanotubes. Various parameters affects the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes.

Results of these evaluation discussed along with some applications of Carbon nanotubes.

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Apart from some of applications of various carbon and graphite products for different

application are also discussed.