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Transcript of 11 9-11
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Quick Review
1. What is natural selection?2. How does the struggle to survive
promote natural selection?3. Why is genetic variation necessary for
natural selection?4. Name 2 examples of animals that
produce an overabundance of offspring. How is this helpful for natural selection?
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DNA Review
What is DNA?Where is nuclear DNA located within the
Cell?What are the building blocks of DNA?What are the four types of Nitrogen bases What is the purpose of DNA?
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Kingdoms & Domains
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The Standards
SC.912.L.15.5 ExplainExplain the reasonsreasons for changeschanges in how organisms are classifiedclassified.
SC.912.L.15.6 DiscussDiscuss distinguishing
characteristicscharacteristics of the domainsdomains and kingdomskingdoms of living organisms.
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A little history…
Our current system of classification is, in large part, still based on the work of one man, Carolus Linnaeus, Linnaeus, back in the 1700s. Didn’t believe in evolution
however his system closely follows it.
This is called a binomial system because it is based on 2 names: Genus and species. (ie. Homo sapien)
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Interesting…
As a brief aside…
Linnaeus actually didn’t accept evolution…
However, his organization of animals ended up following evolutionary relationships fairly closely
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Classification
Remind me…How do we classify organisms?
We also classify them according to morphological similarities
• Morphological: body and structure
Organisms are classified according to _________________.
Why classify organisms at all?
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Classification
Why do you think animal classifications might change?
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Changes…
Changes in classification can be due to a few things:Different organizationDifferent organization (ie. morphological vs.
molecular)New informationNew information (ie. new genome sequence
shows that one species is more closely related to another than was previously thought…)
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Defining Domains (Super Kingdoms)
Domains areDomains are BIGGER THAN KINGDOMS!BIGGER THAN KINGDOMS!There are 3 overarching domains:
Archaea Archaea EubacteriaEubacteriaEukaryaEukarya
What does “Eubacteria” mean?…and Eukarya?
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Archaea “Old bacteria”
Live in the most extreme environments
often anaerobicProkaryoticSingle celled
organisms Kingdom Crenarchaeota:
ThermophilesThermophilesKingdom Euryarchaeota: MethanogensMethanogens & HalophilesHalophilesKingdom: archeobacteria
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Eubacteria “True Bacteria”
Characteristics:ProkaryoticAerobicSingle Celled
organisms or colonial organisms What does colonial
organisms mean?
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Speed Review
Who was the guy that started our current binomial classification system?
On what do we base our animal classifications?
What is the hierarchical order of classification?
What 2 things might cause us to change our classification of an organism?
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Eukarya
Characteristics:Eukaryotic cells Single or multicelled
organisms Aerobic
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Kingdoms within Eukarya:
Kingdom Protista (Protoctista) Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia
Some of the classification info comes from Guillaume Lecointre and Hervé Le Guyader’s publication entitled The Tree of Life: A Phylogenetic Classification (2006)
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Kingdom Protista
Unicellular, but can form coloniesEukaryoticRange from small (paramecium) to large
(Kelp)Motile: move around Extremely varied in other characteristics
Animal-like ProtozoaPlant-like AlgaeFungus-like Slime Molds
Reproduce: binary fission
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Protozoa
Examples: Paramecium, Amoeba, Euglena, and many others!
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Euglena
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Amoeba
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Algae
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Slime Molds
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Kingdom Fungi
Serve a very important function as decomposers
2 life stages: Motile (spore)Non-motile
HeterotrophsReproduce:
Sexually Asexually
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Kingdom Plantae
AutotrophsPhotosynthetic
Non-motileMulticellular Reproduce
sexually and asexually
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Sequoia National Park
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Wawona Tree at Redwood National Park
This tree is 4,870 years old!!
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These are “Corpse Flowers” because they smell like a rotting corpse… not your Mom’s typical living room plant…
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Kingdom Animalia
YAY!Multicellular HeterotrophsMotileReproduce:
Sexually Asexually
Incredible Diversity
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4 Kingdoms of Eukarya
Archaea/Eubacteria Fungi Protist Animal Plant
•one cell•prokaryote •Sessile/motile•Heterotrophs & Autotrophs
• one or many•Eukaryote•Sessile•Takes food
• One or many• Eukaryote• Sessile/motile• Takes or makes
• many cells• Eukaryote• most sessile• makes food
• many cells• Eukaryote• motile• takes food
FOUR QUESTIONS:1)One or many cells?2)Prokaryote or
Eukaryote?3)Sessile or Motile?4)Take or Make food?
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Summary:
3 Domains3 Domains: ArchaeaArchaea, EubacteriaEubacteria, EukaryaEukarya
Within Eukarya, there are 4 Kingdoms you need to know: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
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Summary Continued…
ProtistsProtists- unicellular, can form colonies, varied characteristics… animal-like Protozoa, plant-like Algae, and fungi-like slime molds
FungiFungi- important decomposers, heterotrophs, mostly sessile/immotile
PlantaePlantae- autotrophs, photosynthesizers, sessile/immotile
AnimaliaAnimalia- heterotrophs, motile, varied characteristics
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Ticket of Mastery 20
1. What are two reasons that animal classifications change?
2. What are the 3 Domains/Super Kingdoms and what characterizes each one?
3. Within Eukarya, what are the 4 Kingdoms you need to know and what characterizes each of them?