11 1 Wal-Mart Electronics Sustainable Value Network Buyer Training Mr. Bud Room August 31, 2006.

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Wal-MartElectronics Sustainable Value Network

Buyer Training

Mr. Bud Room

August 31, 2006

222

Target + Objectives of this Meeting

Target:

• Provide electronic buyers with the knowledge and tools they need to support Wal-Mart’s sustainable value business objectives and help their individual businesses excel.

Objectives:

– Learn – Understand the connection between electronic purchases and Wal-Mart’s sustainability goals and learn what questions to ask suppliers.

– Evaluate – Examine the business opportunities created by the new sustainable business focus.

– Apply – Identify ways to use the information provided to improve current business practices.

– Deliver – Develop a personal work plan to deliver sustainable business value.

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Agenda

8:00 Welcome

8:05 Update on Corporate Sustainability Efforts

8:15 Electronic Products Sustainable Value Network Project Updates

8:30 Issue Overview and Buyer Resources

10:00 Break

10:15 Working Group Session

11:00 Share Preliminary Results

11:30 Identify Next Steps and Go-Dos

11:55 Meeting Close

“Saving Business”

May 2006

Tyler J. Elm

Corporate Strategy

Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.

Business Sustainability – A Competitive Strategyfor Business Leadership in the 21st Century

Today there are 6.3 billion people.In 2025 there will be 8 billion people.

What will it take to provide for everyone?

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

2030

2035

2040

2045

2050

GDP of G6 vs BRIC Countries(US$ Billions)

BRICs

G6

G6 + BRICs

Asymmetric Growth v. ResourcesPopulation + Economic

Asymmetric Growth v. ResourcesPopulation + Economic

Q1: What would it take for your company, in every country, to

continue growing at current rate for the next 20 years?

“Of the world's 100 largest economic entities, 42 are now corporations, not countries”

- CSIS, 2004

Q2: What will be the role of business in the 21st century?

Business Sustainability

Economic benefits derived from improved

environmental and social outcomes

To create zero waste

25% reduction in solid waste in 3 years

To be supplied 100% by renewable energy

Stores 25% more efficient in 7 years

Fleet 25% more efficient in 3 years

To sell products that sustain our resources & environment

20% supply base aligned in 3 years

Sustainable Value NetworksSustainable Value Networks

WMT

SAM’S

INT’L

ACADEMICTHOUGHTLEADER

SUPPLIERTHOUGHTLEADER

NGOTHOUGHTLEADER

GOTHOUGHTLEADER

SUPPLIERTHOUGHTLEADER

SUSTAINABLEVALUE

NETWORK

Sustainable Value NetworksSustainable Value Networks

Climate

Waste

Products

Global Greenhouse Gas Strategy

Energy, Design Construction & Maintenance

Global Logistics

Operations & Internal Procurement

Packaging

Textiles

Electronics

Food & Ag

Forest & Paper

Chemical Intensive Products

Jewelry

Seafood

China – Sourcing and Government Relations

Electronics Sustainability Network

Electronics Sustainability Network

• Executive Sponsor: Gary Severson• Network Captains: Seong Ohm, Laura Philips• Teams/captains

– Recycling: Jenni Dinger– Recycling inks/toners/batteries: Mike McCarthy– Materials Innovation: Debbie Mathews– Legislation: Chris Gilbert– Energy Transparency: Alan Henrie– Metrics: Kristin Hull– Training/Education: Greg Chandler

• Executive Sponsor: Gary Severson• Network Captains: Seong Ohm, Laura Philips• Teams/captains

– Recycling: Jenni Dinger– Recycling inks/toners/batteries: Mike McCarthy– Materials Innovation: Debbie Mathews– Legislation: Chris Gilbert– Energy Transparency: Alan Henrie– Metrics: Kristin Hull– Training/Education: Greg Chandler

1. The role of business in the 21st Century will be different than that of the past

2. Consider business sustainability to be a strategic source of competitive advantage along the value chain

3. Develop aspirational goals to drive innovation and value

4. Collaborate with key stakeholders, including those seen as peripheral or adversarial

5. Build the organizational capacity and new leadership skills required to manage value chains

SummarySummary

“Every single pressing social and global issue of our time is a business opportunity”

-Peter Drucker

Business SustainabilityBusiness Sustainability

Challenge:• Mindset

Must Have:• leadership at the top• swim up-stream mentality• strategy/business model

(live within business)

Challenge:• Mindset

Must Have:• leadership at the top• swim up-stream mentality• strategy/business model

(live within business)

181818

Electronics Sustainable Value Network Update

• In-Store Electronics Recycling Initiatives

• Greengineering Supplier Contest

• Energy Transparency

• Packaging

• Ink Cartridges and Cell Phone

• RoHS Compliant Computers

• Consumer Education

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Sustainable Products 101

August 31, 2006

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Topics To Be Covered

• Defining Sustainable Value

• Human Health and Environmental Impacts of Electronic Products

• Environmental Standards and Product Labeling

• Beyond Standards and Labels – Creating Incentives for Continual Improvement

• Tools for Buyers

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Defining Sustainable Value

August 31, 2006

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SustainableValue

Sustainable value is value that is positive for shareholders and stakeholders

Environmental Value

Business Value

+

+

-

Unsustainable(Value Transfer)

Unsustainable(Value Transfer)

Unsustainable(Lose/Lose)

Sustainable Value

-

RisksLoss of salesProduct substitutionPreemptive regulationReputation damageFines, penalties

OpportunitiesEnhanced reputationProduct differentiationMotivated employeesLicense to operateNew markets

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Lifecycle Opportunities

Manufacturing

Packaging & Distribution

Use/Reuse & Maintenance

End of Life

Product Design Raw Materials

242424

Finding Hidden Value

Low Cost

Green

Life Cycle

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Human Health and Environmental Impacts of

Electronics

August 31, 2006

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Computer Manufacturing

•Manufacturing a typical desktop computer creates 139-pounds of waste and 49 pounds of hazardous materials.

•Producing the six-inch silicon wafer from which computer chips are cut generates 2,840 gallons of wastewater and 7 pounds of hazardous waste.

272727

Computer Impacts

•Computers and other office electronics consume 74 billion kWh of electricity per year, equivalent to the annual electricity consumption of 7 million households.

• Forty percent of lead and 70 percent of heavy metals found in landfills, including mercury and cadmium, comes from discarded computers and other electronics.

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Computer Impacts

•Today, 3.2 million tons of electronics become obsolete annually

•The 315 million computers that became obsolete from 1997 to 2004 could end up in landfills

1.2 billion pounds of lead

2 million pounds of cadmium

400,000 pounds of mercury

•Only about 11 percent of discarded electronics is recycled

•Of the computers that are collected for recycling, 50 to 80 percent are exported to developing countries such as China, India, and Pakistan

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Human Health and Environmental Risks

• Cadmium, used in batteries, surface mount device (SMD) chip resistors, infrared detectors, semiconductors, and older cathode ray tubes (CRTs), can cause brittle bones, lung damage, and kidney disease. Approximately 2 million pounds of cadmium are present in the 315 million computers that became obsolete between 1997 and 2004.

• Lead is most commonly used in solder and the glass of CRTs. Lead is a cumulative toxin that can cause damage to the nervous system, reproductive system, and kidneys.

• Mercury is used in LCD and flat panel displays, switches, printed wiring boards, and batteries. Exposure to high levels of mercury can cause chronic brain and kidney damage.

303030


• Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), used in computer cabling and housings, is found among the 13.8 pounds of plastic present in the average computer. PVC is not only difficult to recycle, but releases dioxins and furans during its production and incineration. Dioxin is known to cause cancer and can also cause skin problems, reproductive disorders, and developmental effects.

• Brominated Flame Retardants are used in computer plastics, circuit boards, cables, and connectors to reduce the risk of fire. Studies have shown that brominated flame retardants such as polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) may be endocrine disruptors that interfere with human hormone functions.

313131


• Hexavalent Chromium is used to protect untreated and galvanized steel from corrosion and to harden steel housings. Even in small concentrations, hexavalent chromium can cause strong allergic reactions and may even cause DNA damage. The 315 million computers that became obsolete between 1997 and 2004 contained approximately 1.2 million pounds of hexavalent chromium.

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Global Warming

• The manufacture and transportation of electronic products consumes significant amounts of energy, which creates climate-changing greenhouse gas emissions.

• Just as importantly, electronic products consume significant amounts of energy, which also contribute to climate-changing greenhouse gas emissions.

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Phantom Power

• Customers are paying for electricity that they don’t even know they are using.

• Every dollar customers spend on electricity is one less dollar they can spend at Wal-Mart.

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Phantom Power

• Even though home electronics are not typically the biggest electricity users in a house, vampire power can cost up to 10% of monthly electric bills.

• Approximately 26 power plants are needed just to power these energy vampires.

• Estimates of the cost to consumers and businesses for all the electricity lost to vampire power in the US range from $1 billion to $3.5 billion annually.

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Phantom Power

Type of equipmentAmount of vampire

power wasted *

Cordless phone 66%

Televisions 25%

VCRs 30%

DVD players Up to 75%

Home audio

equipmentUp to 90%

* Data from EnergyStar.gov

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Environmental NGO Critics

August 31, 2006

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SVTC Rankings

• COMPANY•TAKE BACK

•DISPOSAL CHAIN

•MATERIAL USE

•Final Score

•HP •21 •11 •3 •35

•Dell •15 •10 •5 •30

•View Sonic •9 •9 •4 •22

•IBM •8 •9 •1 •18

•Sony •7 •6 •5 •18

•Apple •4 •10 •3 •17

•JVC •4 •6 •2 •12

•Panasonic •4 •6 •2 •12

•Gateway •6 •5 •1 •12

•Acer •7 •3 •2 •12

•Total Points •25 •11 •11 •47

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Greenpeace Rankings

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Environmental Standards and Product Labels

August 31, 2006

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Standards and Labels

• But you have to know:– What does the standard/label require?– How was the standard/label established?– Who established the standard/label?– How are products verified?

• Environmental standards and labels make it easy for the customer and for the buyer.

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RoHS Overview

• RoHS is the European Restriction on Hazardous Susbstances directive, which took effect July 1, 2006.

• It sets significant limits on six common hazardous substances for products manufactured in or imported to Europe.

• California and other U.S. states are adopting similar regulations.

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RoHS Overview

• Large household appliances• Small household appliances• IT and telecommunications equipment• Consumer equipment• Lighting equipment• Electrical and electronic tools• Toys, leisure, and sports equipment• Automatic dispensers

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RoHS Overview

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California RoHS

• Goes into effect January 1, 2007

• Covers a subset of the European RoHS substances:

• Lead• Mercury• Cadmium• Hexavalent chromium

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California RoHS

1. Cathode ray tube (CRT) containing devices

2. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs)

3. Computer monitors containing CRTs

4. Laptop computers with liquid crystal display (LCD)

5. LCD containing desktop

6. Televisions containing CRTs

7. Televisions containing LCDs

8. Plasma televisions

ENERGY STAR® for Electronics

Helping Wal-Mart Customers Save Money, Energy, & the Environment

Jill Vohr and Katharine Kaplan OsdobaUS EPA ENERGY STAR

August 31, 2006

Presentation Overview

• Growing concerns for energy and the environment

• Growing household electronics energy use• Why ENERGY STAR?• ENERGY STAR specifications summary• Rationale & next steps

Growing Energy & Environmental Concerns

• 58% of Americans rank “dealing with the nation’s energy problem” as a top priority in 2006, up from 40% in 2003

• 87% of Americans cite home heating and energy prices as a “very big” or “big” problem for the nation’s economy

• 88% of US adults respond that “energy efficient” was very important in their electronics, appliance, lighting and heating/cooling equipment purchases

• Gallup polls: Americans’ concerns about environmental issues have increased more than 10 percentage points between 2004 and 2006

• The LOHAS Consumer Report: 91% of people are in total agreement with the statement “I care about protecting the environment”

• ABC News/Washington Post Poll: 79% of Americans think global warming poses a serious threat to future generations

Source: AP

Source: NASA

Rising Energy Costs for Consumers

• Average annual household utility bills have increased 48% since 1980 (adjusted for inflation)– Add in today’s average annual gasoline budget per

household and today’s estimated annual home energy budget is over $3,800

• Electricity costs continue to rise, with some utilities requesting rate increases of 35% or more

• Spending on electricity is the highest share of total consumer spending since the energy crisis of 2000

• Energy consumption has been rising along with costs

– Electricity consumed by the typical American household has more than doubled since 1980 and is expected to increase another 20% by 2015

Increasing Home Energy Usage

• Miscellaneous demand is the fastest-growing component of home electricity use

• In 10 years, electricity use by Miscellaneous products will exceed that of air conditioning, space heating, and water heating combined

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1980 2005 2015

Year

Ele

ctri

city

Con

sum

ed (Q

uads

)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1980 2005 2015

Miscellaneous

Space Heating

Water Heating

Air Conditioning

Lighting

Appliances

Appliances & Lighting

18% = Miscellaneous

28% = Miscellaneous

34% = Miscellaneous

Miscellaneous Mostly Electronics

By far the largest component of the Miscellaneous category is electronics …

…which by 2015 will comprise 18% of home electricity demand – the same amount as lighting!

Projected home electricity use in 2015

Water Heating7%

Space Heating10%

Lighting18%

Miscellaneous (non-CE)

16%Consumer

Electronics18%

Appliances17%

Air Conditioning14%

(Non-Electronics)

Why ENERGY STAR?

• A simple way for Wal-Mart customers to save money, energy, and the environment– The average home has 2 TVs, 1 VCR, 3 phones, and 1 DVD player.

With ENERGY STAR a home saves more than $125 over the products’ lifetime.

• This number will more than double with active power; and could even triple with increased usage of electronics

– If all the consumer electronics in every American household were ENERGY STAR qualified, savings could be:

• $7.7 billion a year on energy bills• greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to those of more than 12 million cars

• ENERGY STAR qualified products sales are growing– Over 175 million qualified products were sold in 2005 alone– The cumulative number of ENERGY STAR products sold has steadily

increased from 600 million in 2000—to 1.5 billion in 2004—to more than 2 billion in 2005

Why ENERGY STAR?

• ENERGY STAR is a trusted and recognized brand– Aided recognition levels for ENERGY STAR are over 60%,

according to latest survey results*

• Qualified products deliver high-performance– 95% of recent purchasers of qualified product are likely to

purchase an item with the ENERGY STAR mark in the future

• ENERGY STAR qualified products offer a range of capabilities and features, and are available from most major manufacturers

• ENERGY STAR all electronic products and top brands sold by Wal-Mart

*National Awareness of ENERGY STAR for 2005: Analysis of Consortium for Energy Efficiency Household Survey Data

Brand Awareness

Source: Consortium for Energy Efficiency Household Surveys (2002-2004)

Aided Recognition of ENERGY STAR Label

41%

56%64%

?

2002 2003 2004 2005

26%31%

24% 28% 28%38%

30% 28% 26%31% 30% 27% 26%

30%

36%

34%32% 34%

32%

33% 33%

25% 16% 17%13%

8%

35%23%

31% 28% 25%17%

23% 24%

20%

10% 7%

6%

3%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

GH Seal AHA FDA USDE Cons.Reports

ADA USDA BBB UL USDAOrganic

JDPower

USP NSF

Brand Influences Product Purchases

Source: Fairfield Research, May 2003

Tremendous InfluenceGreat Deal of InfluenceSome Influence

Purchase Influence

• The purchase influence of the ENERGY STAR mark has become stronger in 2005, which is likely attributable to partners’ communication efforts, focused on energy/money savings

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

2003 2004 2005

Not

Slightly

Somewhat

Very Much

Why ENERGY STAR?

• Products covered include:– Audio/DVD– Telephony– TV/VCR– Digital TV Adaptors (coming

soon)– Computers– Computer Monitors– Imaging Equipment– Portable Electronics*– Power Tools**

– Small Household Appliances**– Personal Care Products**– Yard Care Products**

• Manufacturing partners include:– Hewlett Packard – Dell– Apple– Sony– Sharp– Panasonic– Toshiba – Samsung– JVC– Canon – Lexmark – Xerox – Uniden

*Covered through External Power Supply specification

**Cordless products covered through Battery Charging Systems specification

All Wal-Mart has to do is ask its vendors for ENERGY STAR qualified products!

Vendor Specifications

• Audio/DVD– Covers stand-alone audio and DVD products– Qualifying models must consume ≤1 watt in

Standby mode– Targeted for spec revision in 2007

• Telephony– Covers handsets, answering machines, cordless

phones, and combination units– New, more stringent specs for Standby mode and

external power supply take effect in Nov. 2006


• TV/VCR– Covers TVs, VCRs, TV monitors, DCR TVs

with PODs, component TV units, VCR/DVDs, and combination units

– Qualifying models must consume ≤1 watt in Standby mode

– New revisions for 2008 will address Active mode power consumption

• Digital TV Adapters (DTA)– Convert digital TV signals to analog output– New spec (late 2006) will address energy

consumption in all operational modes


• Computers– New spec (July 2007) will cover notebooks, desktops,

integrated computers, desktop derived servers, game consoles, and workstations

– New spec addresses all operational modes and power supply efficiency; current spec covers Low power mode

• Computer Monitors– Qualifying models must be more efficient in Active, Low

power, and Standby

• Imaging Equipment– New spec (April 2007) will cover copiers, fax machines,

printers, multifunction devices, and scanners– Qualifying models must be more efficient in Low power and

Active modes and use ENERGY STAR external power supply, where applicable

• Digital Cameras, CD Players, Mobile Phones, and Other Portable Electronics

– End-use product must be powered by an efficient external power adapter

– Qualifying models must meet both Active and No-Load mode requirements

• Cordless Power Tools, Small Household Appliances, Yard Care Products, and Personal Care Products, such as Electric Shavers

– End-use product must be powered by an efficient battery charger

– Qualifying models must be more efficient in Battery Maintenance and Standby modes


Rationale

• ENERGY STAR is the easiest way Wal-Mart can ensure its products are sustainable from an energy efficiency and air quality standpoint

• ENERGY STAR is relevant to products and brands that Wal-Mart sells, e.g., it’s ready to go!

• ENERGY STAR is credible and has marketplace traction • ENERGY STAR is a lead messaging component in Wal-Mart's

sustainability marketing platform– “Wal-Mart Smart”

• ENERGY STAR means more than saving energy– High quality– Environmental protection by preventing greenhouse gas emissions

• ENERGY STAR is relevant to customers– Grab the customer with money savings and leave them feeling good

about their contribution and Wal-Mart’s in helping the environment

Next Steps

• Set up individual meeting with buyers to support their supplier initiatives with ENERGY STAR

• Set vendor specifications– Recommend working with ENERGY STAR to request

current as well as and active power specifications, where relevant

• Immediate questions? Contact Katharine Kaplan Osdoba at: (202) 343-9120 or [email protected]

646464

Energy Star Savings

10 Million

Televisions7.5 Million

DVD Players5 Million

ComputersTotal

Savings

Life cycle savings $227,061,911 $100,792,024 $24,095,583 $351,949,518

Life cycle energy saved (kWh) 3,871,044,0001,655,640,00

0 373,977,082 5,900,661,082

Life cycle air pollution reduction (lbs of CO2) 5,535,592,920

2,367,565,200 534,787,227 8,437,945,347

Air pollution reduction equivalence (annual number of cars removed from the road) 478,858 204,807 46,262 729,926

Air pollution reduction equivalence (acres of forest) 754,888 322,864 72,929 1,150,681

Savings as a percent of retail price 10% 11% 1% 5%

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TCO Standard

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TCO Standard

TCO Standards Covers: Displays Computers Printers Mobile phones Furniture

www.tcodevelopment.com

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TCO Standard

Human Health and Environmental Issues Addressed: Ergonomics Emissions Ecology Energy

www.tcodevelopment.com

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TCO Cell Phone Radiation Tests

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Electronic ProductEnvironmental Assessment Tool

Multi-Tier Label

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EPEAT Tiers

1.EPEAT Bronze– Meets the 23 mandatory criteria

2.EPEAT Silver– Meets 23 mandatory criteria and at least 14 optional criteria

3.EPEAT Gold– Meets 23 mandatory criteria and at least 21 optional criteria

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What is EPEAT©?

Environmental Performance Categories:

• Environmentally Sensitive Materials• Materials Selection• Design for End of Life• Product Longevity/Life Cycle Extension• Energy Conservation• End of Life Management• Corporate Performance• Packaging

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Required•Comply with European RoHS Directive, which restricts cadmium, mercury, lead, hexavalent chromium, and selected brominated flame retardants.•Report amount of mercury used in light sources.•Eliminate SCCP flame retardants and plasticizers.

Optional•Eliminate all intentionally added cadmium.•Include additional limits on mercury content for light sources.•Eliminate intentionally added mercury for light sources.•Eliminate intentionally added lead.•Eliminate additional flame retardants.•Provide batteries free of lead, cadmium, and mercury.•Eliminate PVC in large plastic parts.

What is EPEAT©?Environmentally Sensitive Materials:

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Required•Identify all materials with special handling needs.•Eliminate paints and coatings that are incompatible with recycling or reuse.•Design external case to be easily disassembled.•Identify all plastic components.•Make it easy to identify and remove components with hazardous materials.

Optional•Reduce number of plastic types used.•Eliminate molded/glued metal.•Ensure at least 65% of product is recyclable or reusable.•Ensure at least 90% of product is recyclable or reusable.•Design products to make it easy to separate plastic types.

What is EPEAT©?Design for End of Life:

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European Union Flower

www.eco-label.com

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German Blue Angel

www.blauer-engel.de/englisch/

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Nordic Swan

www.svanen.nu/eng/

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Global Ecolabelling Network

www.gen.gr.jp/

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Beyond Standards and Labels Creating Incentives for Continual

Improvement

August 31, 2006

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Continual Improvement

• Some people consider standards to be artificial finish lines that encourage manufacturers to stop innovating once they meet a new standard.

• Standards try to avoid this perception by routinely re-evaluating and strengthening standards as needed.

• Multi-tiered labels try to avoid the issue by establishing several certification levels to highlight room for improvement.

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Label Alternatives

• Rather than relying on labels, Wal-Mart can just compare products based on actual values for key indicators like energy efficiency or hazardous material content.

• This information can be used internally or shared directly with the customer.

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Alternatives

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Buyer Tools

August 31, 2006

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Most Powerful Tool

• The most powerful tool in the buyer’s arsenal:

Asking Questions

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Information is Available

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Product Packaging Scorecard

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• Supplier enters UPC, Item Number, and SKU• Primary and secondary packaging• Distance traveled• Packaging materials• Units per package• Weight• Recycled content• Cube utilization

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Potential Questions for Suppliers

• Product Packaging

• Product Certifications

• Product Recycling and Takeback

• Energy Consumption

• Material Use

• Durability and Upgradability

• Company Performance

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Potential Questions for Suppliers

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Why Should I Care?

• It’s the right thing to do

• Company priority

• Marketing support

• Performance evaluations

• As important as 100% in-stock

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Sustainability Metrics

Electronics Network

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Wal-Mart Sustainability Goals

1. Zero Waste

2. 100% Renewable energy

3. Sell products that sustain our resources and environment (Good Products)

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Zero WasteElectronics Network Metrics

• Packaging Material Content– % post consumer recycled– % renewable material content– Eliminate redundant materials – “Right Size”

• End of life disposal– Can the consumer recycle? – Is the product degradable? – Is there a manufacturer take-back/warranty solution?

• Product design– Are product components clearly labeled?– Is product designed for easy disassembly by recycling facilities?

GOAL: 100% participation on packaging improvementsGOAL: 50% of ink and cell phones recycledGOAL: End of life solution offered for all CE Hardware

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100% Renewable EnergyElectronics Network Metrics

• Is product rated by Energy Star?• Is EPEAT applicable?• How can we reduce energy consumption of the product?

– In off setting– In sleep mode– In operational mode

• Can the product be produced with less energy?• Are there transportation savings?

– More efficient use of full truckloads– More efficient shipping locations

GOAL: 10% Energy Reduction across all products

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Good ProductsElectronics Network Metrics

• Is product ROHS compliant?• Is EPEAT applicable?• Can we eliminate/reduce hazardous materials?

– PVC– Cadmium– Mercury– Lead– Hexavalent Chromium– PBB– PBDE

• Can we increase the % of materials from renewable/recycled materials?

GOAL: Elimination of ALL Hazardous materials

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Go-Dos

• Follow through with your commitments

• Continue adapting the supplier questions

• Finalize your action plan

• Schedule time with the DMM to review your plan

• Share your lessons learned with others

11 1 Wal-Mart Electronics Sustainable Value Network Buyer Training Mr. Bud Room August 31, 2006.

Documents

Transcript of 11 1 Wal-Mart Electronics Sustainable Value Network Buyer Training Mr. Bud Room August 31, 2006.