10y1 Biology Work: Week 3

10Y1: Topic 4: Natural selection and genetic modification

Session Focus: genetic engineering recap and revision lesson

Time to spend on activities: 2 hoursAny questions or problems e-mail: h.ghoris@bishopchalloner.bham.sch.uk

Task 1: Genetic engineering DefinitionCopy and complete this into your exercise books

Genetic engineering involves __________ the DNA of one organism (it’s genome) by ___________ genes from another. This creates genetically __________ organisms (GMOs) The process is much _________ than artificial selection but it is more _________.

Word bank: inserting, faster, changing, modified, expensive

Task 2: Watch these Video links – genetic engineering explained

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gu9T91GJXDo

Are genetically modified organisms good or bad?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7TmcXYp8xu4

Task 3: read below to see the process of genetic engineering1. Choose a gene you want

2. Use a restriction enzyme to make a staggered cut in the DNA “sticky ends” to cut out the gene you want

3. Use the same restriction enzyme to cut a plasmid exposing the same “sticky ends”

4. Mix the open plasmids and the sections of genes – the complementary bases will pair up

5. A ligase enzyme will be used to join the ends together

6. Plasmids are then inserted back into bacteria which are grown in huge tanks

Key word: vector – a DNA molecule that is used to carry new DNA into another cell

Task 4: write and draw a flow chart in your exercise books to describe genetic engineering. Use the flow chart below to help you…..

1. Choose a gene you want

2. Use a restriction enzyme to make a staggered cut in the DNA “sticky ends” to cut out the gene you want

3. Use the same restriction enzyme to cut a plasmid exposing the same “sticky ends”

4. Mix the open plasmids and the sections of genes – the complementary bases will pair up

5. A ligase enzyme will be used to join the ends together

6. Plasmids are then inserted back into bacteria which are grown in huge tanks

Key word: vector – a DNA molecule that is used to carry new DNA into another cell

Task 5: The important enzymes in genetic engineeringCopy and complete this table in your exercise book to describe what the key enzymes are responsible for in genetic engineering….

Name of enzyme Role it plays in genetic engineering

Restriction enzyme

Ligase enzyme

Task 5: The important enzymes in genetic engineeringThe answers

Name of enzyme Role it plays in genetic engineering

Restriction enzyme Cuts the desired gene out Cuts the plasmidCauses sticky ends

Ligase enzyme Joins the desired gene to the plasmid

Task 6: Draw this table into your books to show the benefits and risks of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) use the statements on the next page to fill in the table

Benefits Risks

Insulin produced can be used be vegans and people who don’t eat pork or beef products (as insulin is usually extracted from pigs or cows)

GM bacteria can produce insulin used to treat type 1 diabetes

Less herbicide is used

Crops will be resistant to herbicides, so the weeds will be killed and not the crops

Crops will be Resistant to insecticides

Seeds for GMOs are expensive

Some people think that GM crops will reproduce with wild plant varieties and pass on their resistant genes

The genes may have unknown consequences in the wild

Some people think that GMOs are bad for health

Insulin produced can not be used by all diabetics because it isn’t the same as insulin used from mammals

Answers: Benefits and risks of GMO

Benefits Risks

Crops will be Resistant to insecticides Seeds for GMOs are expensive

Crops will be resistant to herbicides, so the weeds will be killed and not the crops

Some people think that GM crops will reproduce with wild plant varieties and pass on their resistant genes

Less herbicide is used The genes may have unknown consequences in the wild

GM bacteria can produce insulin used to treat type 1 diabetes

Some people think that GMOs are bad for health

Insulin produced can be used be vegans and people who don’t eat pork or beef products (as insulin is usually extracted from pigs or cows)

Insulin produced can not be used by all diabetics because it isn’t the same as insulin used from mammals

Task 7: read the next 5 slides and complete this table with the information on the slidesGM Advantages Disadvantages

Genetically modified insulin

Genetically modified golden rice

Genetically modified herbicide resistant crops

Advantages of Beta carotene in golden rice

Disadvantages of Beta carotene in golden rice

What are the disadvantages

Advantages of GM Insulin

Disadvantages of GM Insulin

Suggest: why some people may be prevented

from using insulin obtained from cattle and pigs

for religious reasons

Advantages and disadvantages of herbicide resistant GM crops

Task 7: your table should now be complete

GM Advantages Disadvantages

Genetically modified insulin

Genetically modified golden rice

Genetically modified herbicide resistant crops

Task 8: complete the revision mat on the next slide to help you revise chapter 4

Key word Definition

Ligase

Restriction enzyme

Sticky end

Genetic engineering

Selective breeding

Explain how to insert the human insulin gene into a bacteria using ligase

and restriction enzymes

What are the advantages and disadvantages of selective breeding including

ethical issues?Explain, using Darwin's theory of evolution how the giraffe

evolved from a common ancestor to the horse.

How do the emergence of bacteria resistant to heavy

metals in polluted areas support Darwin’s theory of

evolution?

Describe the changes in structure during human evolution.

How do stone tools help us to identify the age of fossils?

What other methods can be used to date fossils?

What is the difference between the 5 kingdom classification method and the three domain structure?

How do you selectively breed a cow to produce lots of meat and a maize plant to tolerate drought conditions?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of genetic

engineering including ethical issues?

Task 9: Use the specification tick sheet to help you to revise for chapter 4. The tick sheet are on the next slides.

I will set exam questions on chapter 4 for next weeks task

Produce a revision mind map or make flash cards to help you revise

Extension work – Complete some revision activities on Seneca:

Decide whether you want to complete the higher revision questions or the foundation revision questions. You can do both if you wish.

Room code: