10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

POLARCATPolar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing,

Surface Measurements and Models, ofClimate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

NOAA G4

NASA DC8

NOAA WP3B

Bal

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OASISShip

CNRS

NOAA Ron Brown

March/April 2008

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10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

Status on Funding Projects

France - French ANR funding (O3/aerosol lidars, in-situ aerosol, O3/CO on ATR) - 2 week summer campaign plus 1 week for YAK flights (Russian Antonov) over Siberia - forest fires (plus poss. spring 2008)

Norway (Stohl) - funding expected (campaign coord., analysis etc.)

Germany - DLR (Shlager) - summer 2008 (forest fires)? - looks promising plus spring 2007 (ASTAR campaign)

Canada (Whiteway) - ECHO project - flights of 2 Twin Otters equipped with O3 & aerosol lidars - pyro-convection (2007 or 2008) (& Fromm, NRL, USA) USA NASA (Singh) - good feedback so far - summer 2008 - flights with DC8 - aerosol and chemistry; NOAA (Parrish) - possibly summer 2008 or spring 2008 with NOAA-P3 plus Ron Brown ship in spring 2008

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

POLARCAT Objectives

• tropospheric chemical composition - spring O3 max, VOC/NOy reservoirs, halogen, chemistry, transport pathways• aerosols - radiative properties (direct/indirect), aerosol-cloud interactions, optical properties• trace gas/ aerosol deposition - changes in surface albedo• Forest Fires and PyroCb: Fate and effects of aerosols and chemical compounds injected into the stratosphere by pyro-convection, Their role for ozone formation and depletion in the polar stratosphere

http://zardoz.nilu.no/~andreas/POLARCAT/

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

Attié - Laboratoire d’Aérologie (Toulouse), Edwards-NCAR

500 hPa 350 hPa

MOPITT CO DATA - 6 to 12 August

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

High CO in LS from MOZAIC CO data

High CO (> 250 ppb) in LSdownwind of Siberia

From Nedelec et al., 2005

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

PyroCb

Produced by the intense heating of the air from the surface and the convection it causes, usually in the presence of heavy moisture, from volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and occasionally industrial activities

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

Fromm et al. JGR 2005

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

Transport into the overworld

Jost et al. GRL 204

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

Trentmann et al. ACPD 2006

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

rationale Storms form that often penetrate the local tropopause and send ashes through

the tropopause to reach lower stratosphere

Satellite images and data analysis show that sometimes ashes can reach very high into the stratosphere (e.g., Fromm et al., 2005a,b).

Also model simulations indicate that fires can send ashes through the tropopause into the stratosphere (Wang, 2003; Winterrath et al., 2003).

Pyro-Cb phenomenon in high latitude regions is of special importance because one usually do not associate these regions with strong convective activities.

High latitude sources cannot be ignored when considering global chemical transport.

What are the implications of such cross-tropopause transport?

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica Jul 5 Aug 4Two primary blowups:

23 August

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

NOy partitioning in the polar summer lower stratosphere

NO2 mixing ratio

NO2/HNO3 ratioNOx/NOy ratioObservations largely disagree with the

photochemical models in the lower stratosphere

Influence on the aerosol burden(Dufour et al. ACP 2005)

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

Chemistry and mixing of polar vortex remnants in summer after the vortex spring

breakdown

(Hess and Holton, JAS 1985; Durry and Hauchechorne, ACP 2005; Konoptka et al. Acp 2003, Orsolini et al 1998)

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica

Summer stratospheric flights over and around the pole. Why?

Study the impact of pyro cumulus stratospheric injection on stratospheric chemistry

Investigate the lifetime, spatial distributions dynamics and chemistry of the winter vortex remnants

Refine our knowledge on summertime ozone destruction induced by gas phase chemistry from NOx (dominant in the polar cap) and HOx (enhanced in midlatitude intrusions) catalytic cycles.

10th Anniversary Conference of the M-55 Geophysica