10b motor system voluntary control
Transcript of 10b motor system voluntary control
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Voluntary Motor Control
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Control of voluntary movement
IdeaAssociation
cortexPremotor +
Motor cortex
Basal Ganglia
Lateral cerebellum
Movement
Intermediate Cerebellum
ExecutionPlanning
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Modulation of Movement by the Basal Ganglia
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Motor components of the human basal ganglia
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Anatomical Organization of Basal Ganglia Input
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Output of Basal Ganglia
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The somatotopic organization of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical motor circuit
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Disinhibition
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Organization of Cerebellum
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Functional organization of cerebellum
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Input of Cerebellum
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Cerebellar Output
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Vestibulocerebellum
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Neocerebellum
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The spinocerebellum contains two somatotopic neural maps of the body
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Cerebellar Pathway
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Motor Cortex
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Functional Organization of the Primary Motor Cortex
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The major inputs to the motor cortex in monkeys
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Corticospinal Tract
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Convergence of Motor Control on the Anterior Motor Neuron
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Experimental apparatus developed to record the activity of single neurons in awake primates trained to perform specific movements : Ed Evarts 1960
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Direct corticospinal control of motor neurons is necessary for fine control of the digits
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Directional tuning of an upper motor neuron in the primary motor cortex
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Activity in Individual Neurons of the Primary Motor Cortex Is Related to Muscle Force and Direction of Movement
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Spike Triggered Averaging 1970
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Motor Cortical Cell Firing with Force Generated
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Corticomotoneuronal (CM) cell is active depends on the motor task
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Different areas of cortex are activated during simple, complex, and imagined sequences of finger movements (Xenon PET)
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Cell activity in the motor cortex depends on whether a sequence of movements is guided by visual cues or by prior training
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A set-related neuron in the dorsal premotor area becomes active while the monkey prepares to make a movement to the left
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The visuomotor transformations required for reaching and grasping involve two different pathways
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Individual neurons in the ventral premotor area fire during specific hand actions only
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A. Activity in the neuron as the monkey observes another monkey make a precision group.B. Activity in the same neuron as the monkey observes the human experimenter make the precision grip.C. Activity in the same neuron as the monkey itself performs a precision grip. (From Rizzolotti et al 1996.)
Mirror Neurons
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MIRROR SYSTEMS CAN INFER HIDDEN GOALS:
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Mirroring Intentions
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Grasping intentions with mirror neurons
Iacoboni and Dapretto Redgrave Nature Reviews Neuroscience 7, 942–951 (December 2006) | doi:10.1038/ nrn2024
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Summary
Primary Motor Cortex:– Codes force and direction of movement– Spinal motor neuron are directly under control for precise
movement.
Dorsal Premotor Cortex– Movement related neuron encodes sensorimotor
transformation for visual and sensory cue
– Fire before movement Ventral Premotor Cortex
– Encodes learned motor act fire before movement
All cortical neurons are adaptable and plastic
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