1095: First Crusade Event: Pope Urban II called on knights of Christendom to rescue Jerusalem and...
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![Page 1: 1095: First Crusade Event: Pope Urban II called on knights of Christendom to rescue Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the infidels Significance: Led by.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022033102/56649e8f5503460f94b93de2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1095: First Crusade
Event: Pope Urban II called on knights of Christendom to rescue Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the infidels
Significance: Led by counts and nobles, not kings. Thousands responded; 25% reached the Holy Land
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1099
Event: Crusaders captured Jerusalem
Significance: Crusaders controlled an area from Edessa to Jerusalem. Thousands of Jews and Muslims were killed
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1144: Second Crusade
Event: Edessa was recaptured by the Turks
Significance: Crusaders were defeated
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1187: Third Crusade
Event: Jerusalem fell to Saladin and the Seljuk Turks
Significance: King’s Crusade - Philip II of France, Frederick I of HRE, and Richard I of England
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1192
Event: Three year truce between Richard I and Saladin
Significance: Unarmed Christian pilgrims could freely visit the holy places in Jerusalem
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1202: Fourth Crusade
Event: Pope Innocent III called for yet another crusade to recapture Jerusalem
Significance: Merchants promised ships money in exchange for attacking the island of Zara. Pope protested the diversion
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1204
Event: Constantinople was sacked and controlled by the crusaders for 57 years
Significance: Any hope for a reunification of Eastern and Western Churches was forever lost
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1229: Sixth Crusade
Event: Frederick II of HRE negotiated a treaty with Saladin’s nephew
Significance: Jerusalem was returned to Christian rule but Frederick was excommunicated for entering a pact with the devil
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1291
Event: City of Acre fell to the Muslims
Significance: Concept of Christendom was lessened; replaced by loyalty one’s homelands (England, France, and Spain)
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•The 5th, 7th, and 8th crusades were aimed at Islamic cities in Egypt and N. Africa.
•French King Louis IX won wide respect and was later declared a saint, although these crusades accomplished little.
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•Started by Nicholas of Cologne
•Joined by 1000’s of children
•Journeyed to Rome where Pope told them to go home
•At same time @ 20,000 French children boarded 7 ships for the Holy Land
•2 ships destroyed, other 5 sailed to North Africa where the children were sold as slaves
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Popes’ Goals: hope to heal the breach between Western and Eastern churches with pope emerging as head of united church
Knights’ goals: forgiveness for sins, chance to win glory in battle; earthly rewards
Merchants’ goals: wanted total control of rich trade routes
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Sanctified the use of violence in defense of an idea