10.5 Pressure Effect Tables for Diffusion in Solid Elements

8/2/2019 10.5 Pressure Effect Tables for Diffusion in Solid Elements

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604 10.51, 2 Pressure effect tables for diffusion in alkali and alkaline earth metals [Ref. p. 624

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10.5 Pressure effect tables for diffusion in solid elementsDiffusor Temperature Activation Pressure range/Method/Remarks Ref.K volume AV/V,

10.5.1 Pressure effects in alkali metalsLi, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

There are reported data for Li, Na and K.Lithium (Li)

Li 309.8 0.286self-diffusion 323.2 0.282329.8 0.281344.0 0.267351.2 0.288

Na 363.2self-diffusion

Na 223.2self-diffusion 228.2231.0Na not specifiedself-diffusionNa 263self-diffusion 288.0364.5

0.53...0.31

0.3950.4210.4090.4180.410.480.52

0...0.7 GPa; NMR; spin-spin relaxation time T2; 62Hdispersed particles (about 20 pm) in silicon fluid;99.995%; pressure dependence of Na self-diffu-sion also studiedSodium (Na)0.. . I .2 GPa; Z2Na; diffusion couples of radioactive 52Nand nonactive sodium; purity not specified; mi-crotome sectioning; pressure sotherm curved;see Fig. 24 b0 .+ 0.4 GPa; NMR: spin-spin relaxation time T2; 62Hdispersion of particles in silicon fluid; 99.99%;see Fig. 24 b; pressure dependence of Li self-diffu-sion also studied0 ..* 0.1 GPa; tensile creep measurementsunder hy- 65R

drostatic pressure0...0.95 GPa; 22Na, 24Na; polycrystal; 99.9995%; 71Mmechanical sectioning; pressure sothermscurved; interpretation in terms of two processes(seealso [78M]); see Figs. 24 a and 24 bPotassium (K)

K 288...303 0.55 (I) O...O.I GPa; tensile creep measurements under hy- 65Kself-diffusion drostatic pressure; similar data in [65R]K - 0.55 * O...O.I GPa; tensile creep measurements under hy- 67Kself-diffusion 0.97 ** drostatic pressure for various creep rates E:

* at E 10-6s-10.5.2 Pressure effects in alkaline earth metals

Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, RaThere are reported data for Be and Mg.

Beryllium (Be)Be 966self-diffusion 966 1 c: I.2 (1)11 : 1.2 (1) 0...0.8 GPa; 1 and 11 exagonal c axis investigat- 70Bed: 7Be; single crystals; purity not specified; me-chanical sectioning; pressure effects on AI self-

diffusion also studied

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Ref. p. 6241 10.5.3, 4 Pressure effect tables for diff. in SC group, rare earth, Ti group metals 605Diffusor Temperature Activation Pressure range/Method/Remarks Ref.K volume AVIV,

Cd 771Magnesium (Mg)

I c: 1.04 (10) 0.. .0.8 GPa; I and ]I hexagonal c axis investi- 72C311 : 1.10 (9) gated: electron microprobe analysis of Cd pro-files; sample purity not specified

10.5.3 Pressure effects in scandium group and rare earth metalsSC,Y, La, Ce, etc.

There are reported data for La, Ce and Yb.Lanthanum (La)

La 1167 0.10 0. .. 0.56 GPa; bee y-La investigated: 140La; poly- 76B2self-diffusion crystals; purity not specified; mechanical section-in y-La ingCerium (Ce)

Ce 1003 - 0.08 0 ... 1 GPa; bee 8-Ce investigated: 141Ce;polycrys- 74Lself-diffusion 1028 - 0.09 tals, 99.9% ; mechanical sectioning with measure-in 6-Ce ment of residual activityCe 948 -0.15 O... 1 GPa; fee y-Ce investigated: 141C!e; olycrys- 76Mself-diffusion (or 930) tals; 99.9% ; mechanical sectioning; two contra-in y-Ce dieting statements of temperature in [76M]

Ytterbium (Yb)Yb 1003 0.590 O... 1 GPa; bee y-Yb investigated: 16Yb; poly- 75Fself-diffusion 1033 0.575 crystals; 99.9%; mechanical sectioningin y-Yb 1073 0.605

10.54 Pressure effects in titanium group metalsTi, Zr, Hf

There are reported data for Ti.Titanium (Ti)

Ti 1273 0.33 (9) 0.03 ... 0.65 GPa; bee P-Ti investigated: 44Ti; poly- 715self-diffusion crystals; 99.97% . . .99.99 % ; lathe sectioning;in P-Ti similar data in [7lL]Fe 1175 - 0 ... 0.4 GPa; 5gFe; single crystals; purity not speci- 67PRed; mechanical sectioning; D increases nonlin-ear with pressure; attributed to diffusion alongsub-grainboundaries and segregation; pressureeffects of Fe diffusion in Ti 10 at.% Fe also stud-ied

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606 10.55, 6, 7, 8, 9 Pressure effect tables for diff. in V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co group metals [Ref. p. 624Diffusor Temperature Activation Pressure range/Method/Remarks Ref.K volume 111//I&

10.55 Pressure effects in vanadium group metalsV, Nb, Ta

There are reported data for V.Vanadium (V)

N0

429.8 0.146 (15) 0.. .0.8 GPa; N induced stress relaxation in V in- 61T436.2 0.123 (15) vestigated356.2 0.206 (8) 0. .. 0.9 GPa; 0 induced stress relaxation in V in- 61T364.9 0.226 (9) vestigated371.2 0.176 (7)

10.56 Pressure effects in chromium group metalsCr, MO, W

There are no reported pressure effect measurements or chromium group metals.10.5.7 Pressure effects in manganese group metals

Mn, Tc, ReThere are no reported pressure effect measurements or manganese group metals.

10.5.8 Pressure effects in iron group metalsFe, Rh, OS

There are reported data for Fe. Iron (Fe):-Fe) 234.1 0.052 (47) 0...0.3 GPa; N induced magnetic aftereffect in bee 57Bcc-Fe nvestigatedE-Fe) 238.8 -0.062 (49) 0.. .0.3 GPa; C induced magnetic aftereffect in bee 60B246.0 -0.062 (48) u-Fe investigated250.0 -0.082 (49)253.2 -0.024 (49)

10.59 Pressure effects in cobalt group metalsCo, Rh, Ir

There are reported data for hcp Co.

;-co, 348 -0.254 (300)348 -0.072 (30)Cobalt (Co)0 ... 0.6 GPa; C induced magnetic aftereffect in hcp 71W2Co investigated; pressure dependence of magnet-ic aftereffect for C in Ni and Fe 1.4 wt.% Si alsostudied

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Ref. p. 6241 10.5.10, 11 Pressure effect tables for diffusion in nickel group and noble metals 607Diffusor Temperature Activation Pressure range/Method/Remarks Ref.K volume AVIV,

10.5.10 Pressure effects in nickel group metalsNi, Pd, Pt

There are reported data for Ni.Nickel (Ni)

C 383 -0.182 (25) 0.. .0.4 GPa; C induced magnetic aftereffect in Ni 71W2investigated; pressure dependence of magnetic af-tereffect for C in Co and Fe 1.4 wt.% Si alsostudied10.5.11 Pressure effects in noble metals

Cu, Ag, AuCopper (Cu)

cu 973self-diffusion 102310731173cu not specifiedself-diffusionAu 693765833Zn 125612861313

Ag 1179self-diffusionAg 1173self-diffusion

Ag 594self-diffusion 683766885994In 1179

Sb 1179

1.09 (31)1.03 (29)0.96 (8)0.93 (2)0.60.963 (50)0.920 (37)0.928 (40)0.770.770.88

0.865

0.88

0.66 (2)0.68 (2)0.72 (2)0.77 (2)0.86 (2)0.81

0.765

O... 1 GPa; (j4Cu; single crystals; pure copper;lathe sectioning; AV recalculated in [89F] usingdata of [68B2]; see Fig. 25; similar data in[68Bl]; pressure dependence of self-diffusion inAg and Al also studied0.. .0.9 GPa; 64Cu; single crystals; purity not spec-ified; serial sectioning0 ... 0.55 GPa; lg8Au; single crystals; 99.999%;sputter sectioning; see Fig. 250 ... 3.2 GPa; diffusion couples of pure Cu andCuZn (4.9 at.%) alloys; electron microprobeanalysis of diffusion profiles; see Fig. 25Silver (Ag)

0...0.9 GPa; lomAg, lllAg; single crystals;99.99%; lathe sectioning; see Fig. 26; pressure ef-fects on In and Sb diffusion in Ag also studied0.. .0.8 GPa; 1 OrnAg;single crystals; pure silver;lathe sectioning; see also [65Bl, 67B]; see Fig. 26;pressure effects on self-diffusion of Cu, Au andAl and of Cu, Ag and Au in Al also studied0 ... 0.6 GPa; OrnAg; single crystals; 99.999%;sputter sectioning; see Fig. 26; pressure depen-dence of self-diffusion in Au at 692 K also stud-ied0...0.8 GPa; 141n; single crystals; 99.99%; lathesectioning; see Fig. 26; pressure effects of Sb andAg in Ag also studied0 . . .0.8 GPa; lz4Sb; single crystals; 99.99%; lathesectioning; see Fig. 26; pressure effects of In andAg in Ag also studied

68B2

69M89F

88Y

65B2

68Bl

82R

65B2

65B2

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608 10.512 Pressure effect tables for diffusion in zinc group metals [Ref. p. 624Diffuser Temperature Activation Pressure range/Method/Remarks Ref.K volume AVIV,

Au 1133self-diffusion 11831233Au 973self-diffusion 10231073

Au 692self-diffusionAu 603 0.73self-diffusion 660 0.74

701 0.75760 0.76800 0.76823 0.77

0.60 (8)0.75 (5)0.61 (14)0.810.680.67

0.73 (2)

Gold (Au)0 ... 0.9 GPa; lg8Au; single crystals; 99.99%; lathe 65Dsectioning; see Fig. 27O... 1 GPa; rg8Au; single crystals; 99.99%; lathe 68B2sectioning; AV/V, calculated from data of[68B2]; similar data in [68Bl]; see Fig. 27; pres-sure effects of Cu and Al self-diffusion also stud-ied0...0.6 GPa; *Au; single crystals; 99.999%; sput- 82Rter sectioning; see Fig. 27; pressure dependenceof Ag self-diffusion also studied0...0.6 GPa; lg8Au; single crystals; 99.999%; sput- 83Wter-sectioning; see Fig. 27

10.512 Pressure effects in zinc group metalsZn, Cd, Hg

There are reported data for Zn and Cd.Zinc (Zn)

Zn 683self-diffusion 683Zn 574.1self-diffusion 623.9674.0

574.1623.9674.0

1 c: 0.630 (57) 0...0.9 GPa; 1 and ]I hexagonal c axis investigat- 67s11 : 0.404 (44) ed. 65Zn; single crystals; serial sectioningI c: 0.392 (10) 0...0.9 GPa; 1 and I] hexagonal c axis investigat- 72C20.428 (10) ed. 65Zn; single crystals; 99.999%; lathe section-0.469 (15) ing; see Fig. 28; similar data in [71G2]11 : 0.406 (9)0.433 (5)0.467 (3)

Cadmium (Cd)Cd 524 1 c: 0.530 (10) 0...0.8 GPa; 1 and I] hexagonal c axis investigat- 73Bself-diffusion 549 0.540 (7) ed. Cd, single crystals; 99.999%; lathe sec-574 0.575 (11) tioning; see Fig. 29; similar data in [71Gl]592 0.590 (15)

524 11 : 0.530 (10)549 0.550 (11)574 0.590 (7)592 0.580 (11)

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Ref. p. 6241 10.5.13 Pressure effect tables for diffusion in aluminum group metals 609Diffusor Temperature Activation Pressure range/Method/Remarks Ref.K volume AVIV,

10.5.13 Pressure effects in aluminum group metalsAl, Ga, In, Tl

There are reported data for Al and In.

Al not specifiedself-diffusionAl .. 562self-diffusionAl 803self-diffusion 843883Al 667self-diffusion 681

cu

681684684708711719721722803843

0.620.750.520.970.660.650.640.760.870.651.161.16

Ag 843 1.19853 1.19Au 803 1.18

Au 785 0.93823 0.91873 1.04Fe 856 1.61896 1.56

Zn 884 1.09 (10)863 1.00913 1.11

Sn 787.5 0.87 (1)

1.350.44 . . .0.871.23 (7)1.29 (7)1.35 (7)

Aluminum (Al)0 . . . 0.1 GPa; tensile creep measurement under hy-drostatic pressure0 ... 6 GPa; TEM observation of dislocation loopannealing0 ... 0.8 GPa; 26AI; single crystals; pure alu-minum; lathe sectioning; similar data in [68Bl,70B]; see Fig. 30; pressure dependence of self-dif-fusion in Cu and Au also studied0 . . .0.2 GPa; NMR: spin-spin relaxation time T,;325 mesh filings; 99.99%

0.. .0.8 GPa; 64Cu; single crystals; purity not speci-fied; lathe sectioning; pressure effects on self-dif-fusion of Cu, Ag, Au and Al and of Ag and Auin Al also studied

0.. .0.8 GPa; OrnAg; single crystals; purity notspecified; lathe sectioning; pressure effects onself-diffusion of Cu, Ag, Au and Al and of Cuand Au in Al also studied0 . . 0.8 GPa; lg8Au; single crystals; purity notspecified; lathe sectioning; pressure effects onself-diffusion of Cu, Ag, Au and Al and of Cuand Ag in Al also studied0 . . .0.8 GPa; lg5Au (implanted); single crystals;99.9995%; microtome sectioning; see Figs. 23and 30; pressure effects on diffusion of Fe andZn in Al also studied0 . . .0.8 GPa; Fe (implanted); single crystals;99.9995%; microtome sectioning; see Fig. 30;pressure effects on diffusion of Au and Zn in Alalso studied0 .. .1.288GPa; j5Zn; single crystals; microtomesectioning0 .. .0.8 GPa; 65Zn; single crystals; 99.9995%; mi-crotome sectioning; see Fig. 30; pressure effects

on diffusion of Au and Fe in Al also studied0...0.735 GPa; lr3Sn (implanted); single crystals;99.9995% microtome sectioning

65R66N68B2

71E

68Bl

68Bl

68Bl

89B

89B

83E89B

90E

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610 10.514 Pressure effect tables for diffusion in group IVB elements [Ref. p. 624Diffuser Temperature Activation Pressure range/Method/Remarks Ref.K volume Al/V,

Indium (In)In 243...388 0.76 0.08 .* 5.5 GPa; tensile creep measurements; single 67Cself-diffusion crystals; 99.999%In 391.8 0.516 (64) O... 0.9 GPa; 1 and ]] tetragonal c axis investi- 7101self-diffusion 406.1 0.529 (25) gated: 114mIn;single crystals; 99.999%; micro-422 0.490 (38) tome sectioning1 and ]] c axisAiT 369.3 0.41 (4) O..* 0.9 GPa; 1 and 11etragonal c axis investi- 7102385.5 0.41 (4) gated r OrnAg. ingle crystals; 99.999% ; micro-1 and I] c axis tome sectioning

10.514 Pressure effects in group IV B elementsSi, Ge, Sn, Pb

Data on the semiconducting elements (Si and Ge) have been also included.

B

Ga

1323 0.29 (30)1443 0.31 (30)1503 -0.12 (20)1323 -0.85 (25)

Ge 1323 -0.52 (20)1443 -0.47 (15)1503 -0.27 (10)As 1123 -0.475 (192)1173 -0.617 (83)1223 -0.425 (100)1273 -0.391 (108)

Ge 876self-diffusion 91697310251086Li 573...823

Sn 273...330self-diffusionSnself-diffusion 465.2482.0498.8

465.2482.0498.8

0.240.280.350.360.410.05 (3)0.28

0.331 c axis:0.362 (31)0.319 (15)0.304 (23)11 axis:0.329 (18)0.321 (18)0.326 (23)

Silicon (Si)O..+ 1.5 GPa; B implanted in {Ill) Si wafer; SIMS 89sanalysis; pressure effects on Ga and Ge diffusionin Si also studiedO..+ 1 GPa; Ga film on (111) Si wafer; SIMS anal- 89sysis; pressure effects on B and Ge diffusion in Sialso studiedO... 1.5 GPa; Ge film on {ill} Si wafer; SIMS 89sanalysis; pressure effects on B and Ga diffusion

in Si also studiedO..* 3 GPa; As implanted (5.10 cm-) into (111) 85Nlwafers; RBS profiling; see Figs. 31 a and 31 b;similar data in [85N2]Germanium (Ge)

0 ... 0.6 GPa; 7Ge; single crystals; intrinsic materi- 85Wal; sputter sectioning; see Fig. 32; doping depen-dence of self-diffusion and of activation volumeat 973 K also studied0...4.5 GPa; pn junction-depth method; singlecrystals; Ga doped (1.8.106 cme3)

Tin (Sn)72V

0 ... 1 GPa; tensile creep measurements underhydrostatic pressure 63D2O...l GPa; 1 and )I c axis investigated; r*3Sn; 64Csingle crystals; 99.999%; microtome sectioning;similar data in [65N]

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Ref. p. 6241 10.5.14 Pressure effect tables for diffusion in group IVB elements 611Diffusor Temperature Activation Pressure range/Method/Remarks Ref.K volume AVIV,

Pb 526.2self-diffusion 574.2Pb 383self-diffusionPb 476self-diffusion 526574588599667769Pb 273...330self-diffusionPb 538.4self-diffusion 568.3Ni

Pd

cuAg

AgAu

Au

598.7298600700298600700600

0.728 (17)0.728 (17)0.728 (17)at p = 0:0.1110.1310.137at p = 5 GPa:0.0720.0920.0990.124*(13)

600 0.04 (3)556 0.381 (28)588 0.377 (29)625 0.376 (30)667 0.381 (31)714 0.380 (33)769 0.387 (34)427... 584 0.37

298523600623623473

at p = 0:0.324 (22)0.290 (30)0.280 (30)atp=3GPa:0.31 (5)0.42 (7)0.28 (3)

0.843 (98)0.712 (44)0.800.5720.5990.6150.6320.6370.6700.7150.69 (13)

Lead (Pb)0 ... 0.8 GPa; Pb; single crystals; 99.999%; mi- 59Ncrotome sectioning0 ... 0.1 GPa; tensile creep measurement under hy- 61Bdrostatic pressure; polycrystalline wires;99.9999%0.. .4 GPa; Pb; single crystals; 99.9999%; elec- 61Htrochemical sectioning; non-linear pressureisotherms (seeFig. 33)

0 ... 1 GPa; tensile creep measurement under hy-drostatic pressure; polycrystalline samples;99.999%63Dl

0 .. .I GPa; method and material not specified 75B

0 ... 5 GPa; 63Ni; single crystals; 99.9999%; micro- 73Ctome sectioning; see Figs. 34 and 35

0...4 GPa; logPd; single crystals; 99.9999%; mi- 75Dcrotome sectioning; see Figs. 34 and 36;* average value calculated by present authors0.. .5.6 GPa; 64Cu; single crystals; 99.9999%; mi- 73ccrotome sectioning; see Figs. 34 and 370.. .3.9 GPa; lomAg; single crystals; 99.999%; mi- 65Ccrotome sectioning; activation volume for~>I.19 GPa; see Figs. 34 and 38

0...0.86 GPa; lomAg; single crystals; 99.998%;microtome sectioning0 . . .4.6 GPa; *Au (n activation); single crystals;99.9999% ; microtome sectioning; see Figs. 34and 39

74A71Wl

0 . . .0.7 GPa; Au; single crystals; 99.999%; mi- 76Blcrotome sectioning (continued)

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612 10.5.15,16 Press. effect tables for diff. in group V B semimetals and actinide group metals [Ref. p. 624Diffusor Temperature Activation Pressure range/Method/Remarks Ref.K volume AV/V,

Lead (Pb), continuedZn 600 0.212 (6)

Cd 600 0.317 (10)

& 600 0.516 (6)

Sn 600 0.517 (25)

0.. .4.7 GPa; 65Zn; single crystals; 99.9999%; 77Dlmicrotome sectioning; see Figs. 34 and 40; satu-ration solubility as a function of pressure alsostudied

0...4 GPa; lo9Cd; single crystals; 99.9999%; mi- 77Vcrotome sectioning; see Figs. 34 and 41; pressureeffects on diffusion of Hg in Pb also studied0...4 GPa; 203Hg; single crystals; 99.9999%; mi- 77vcrotome sectioning; see Figs. 34 and 42; pressureeffects on diffusion of Cd in Pb also studied0 ... 2.9 GPa; 1*3Sn; single crystals; 99.9999%; 77D2lathe sectioning; see Fig. 43

10.5.15 Pressure effects in group V B semimetalsP, As, Sb, BiThere are reported data for white P.

Phosphorus (P)P 303.2self-diffusion 314.5

P 300..*314self-diffusion

0.44

0.44

0 .. *0.4 GPa; white P investigated; 32P; polycrys- 55Ntals (average grain size 0.01 cm); diffusion cou-ples of inactive P and P doped with 32P; micro-tome sectioning; pressure isotherm at 314.5 Kcurved (seeFig. 44)0.. .0.6 GPa; white P investigated in creep mea- 64D

surements10.5.16 Pressure effects in actinide group metals

Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, etc.There are reported data for y-U and E-Pu.

Uranium (U)U 1173 - O... 1 GPa; bee y-U investigated; diffusion couples 65Blself-diffusion of natural U and U enriched 20 wt.% with 235U;in y-U purity not specified; lathe sectioning; anomalous

variation of the diffusion coefficient with pressureobserved (see Fig. 45)Plutonium (Pu)

Pu 788 -0.329self-diffusion 811 -0.35in E-PU 823 -0.347849 -0.33

O... 1.4 GPa; bee E-PU nvestigated: 240Pu; poly- 71ccrystals; 99.9% (detailed specification of purityand isotopic composition is given in [71C]); me-chanical sectioning and measurement of residualactivity; similar data in [72Cl]

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10.5 Pressure Effect Tables for Diffusion in Solid Elements

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