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Leadership Blooms When Heart and Soul Meet Art and Science

Presented to: Insert relevant presenter information Calibri 16pt

Presented on: Month day, Year

Presented by: Insert relevant presenter information here

Presented on: November 8, 2019

Presented to: American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA)

Illinois Chapter Fall SeminarPresented by: Maureen Slade, MS, RN, PMHCNS-BC, NE-BC

Vice President of OperationsNorthwestern Memorial Hospital

Objectives

Identify one leadership quality you will employ in your current role

Name one strategy you can use to become your “best self”

Identify one practice you can implement to enhance self care

Henry FordFounder, Ford Motor Company

“You don’t have to hold a position in order to be a leader”

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2019 = Every nurse is a leader!

American Organization for Nurse Executives (AONE)

American Organization for Nurse Leaders (AONL)

↓

Contemporary Leadership Qualities

• North star (True North)

• Transparent

• Authentic

• Genuine

• Truth telling / radical candor

• Fearless/courageous

• Emotional intelligence

• Relationships/connection

• Empathic

• Listening “seek first to understand”

• Self reflection

• Continuous learning

• Hardy

• Resilient

Emotional Intelligence

EI Skill Definition Hallmarks

Self-awareness Knowing one’s strengths, weakness, drives, values, and impact on others

Self-confidence, realistic self-assessment,self-deprecating sense of humor thirst for constructive criticism

Self-regulation Controlling or redirecting disruptiveimpulses and moods

Trustworthiness, integrity, comfort with ambiguity and change

Motivation Relishing achievement for its own sake Passion for the work itself and for new challenges, unflagging energy to improve, optimism in the face of failure

Empathy Understanding other people’s emotional makeup

Expertise in attracting and retaining talent, ability to develop others, sensitivity to cross-cultural differences

Social skill Building rapport with others to move them in desired directions

Effectiveness in leading change, persuasiveness, extensive networking, expertise in building and leading teams

Goleman, 2006

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Psychological Safety

Can you and everyone else…

•Ask questions?

• Seek help?

•Tolerate mistakes?

“A climate in which people feel free to express relevant thoughts and feelings

without fear of being penalized”

Edmondson, 2018

John DeweyPhilosopher and educator

“We do not learn from experience…we learn from reflecting on experience”

Self Reflection Tools

Strengths Finder 2.0

Four Tendencies

Emotional Intelligence 2.0

Insights Discovery

Myers-Briggs Test

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Work/Life Balance

•Puts things in separate spots

Work life, family life = you are a separate person at home and at work

Balance

Work/Life Harmony

• Bring your authentic self to work without swapping in and out of separate roles

• Question: How do different aspects of ourselves work best together?

Four-Way Attention Chart

Domain Importance Focus of time and energy

Work/Career/School % %

Home/Family % %

Community/Society % %

Self: mind, body, spirit % %

100% 100%

Friedman, 2008

Peter F. DruckerAuthor and educator

“Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things”

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Total Leadership

Total Leadership: Be a Better Leader, Have a Richer Life

Stewart D. Friedman

Published in 2008, Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press

Becoming a Total Leader

The Incomplete Leader

• Fake• Unfocused• Rootless

• Fragmented• Resentful• Overwhelmed

• Stagnant• Apathetic• Pessimistic

• Genuine• Purposeful• Grounded

• Connected• Supported• Resilient

• Curious• Engaged• Optimistic

Be RealAct with authenticity by clarifying what’s

important

Be WholeAct with integrity by

respecting the whole person

Be InnovativeAct with creativity by experimenting with

how things get done

The Practice of Total Leadership

The Total Leader

Friedman, 2008

Transactional and Transformational Leadership

Transactional Transformational

Clarifies issues and focuses on problem solving; prefers and makes high use of cognitive knowledge primarily

Clarifies personal purpose and integrity through an ongoing inner journey; uses emotional, cognitive, spiritual, and experiential knowledge

Attempts to fix what is brokenListens and asks honest, open questions; collegial styles; attends to relational aspects

Communicates strategy planApplies appreciative inquiry, looking for what is going well and what is working

Charts strategy course and communicates it to the team

Facilitates emergence of strategy from the collective intelligence of the group

Develops meeting agenda and conducts meetingsaccording to this preset and pressing agenda; expects agreement

Translates values into clear specific meeting practices that ensure everyone’s participation and keep egos in check

Intentionally works to avoid or circumvent conflicts and to contain contradiction

Devotes time to bringing conflicts to light and addressing them; applies multistep conflict resolution process

Asks: What is happening out there? What should I/wedo?

Asks: What is happening in me? How are others experiencing it? What is trying to or needs to emerge?

Stays focused on what they perceive to be the bestidea

The leader is able to hold different points of view and integrate complex divergent ideas

Paolini& Greenawald, 2016

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Transactional and Transformational Leadership

Transactional Transformational

Builds alliances of interest Builds trustworthy relationship

Outcomes Outcomes

Individuals may feel like a “cog in the wheel” and do the minimum required

Individuals feel values, inspired, and want to be involved

Defenses remain high Defenses are lowered

Disagreements often go underground; they may show up again in passive-aggressive or other undermining behaviors

Disagreements are worked through and resolved, resulting in team cohesion

Relationships are strainedRelationships are deepened through trust building and personal understanding of each other

Issues may be temporarily resolved, but relationships and long-term success are compromised

Issues are resolved in a sustainable way

Disengagement and cynicism Buy in, engagement, and personal commitment

Paolini& Greenawald, 2016

Margaret WheatleyWriter and consultant

“Leadership is a series of behaviors

rather than a role for heroes”

Modern Leadership Styles for Millennial Nurses

• The higher percentages of Millennials’ interest in becoming leaders remains significant, suggesting an overall stronger regard for leadership or a recognition of how leaders can help nurses achieve their professional and personal goals.

• Millennials showed very high interest in advanced practice nursing; more than one-fourth of Millennial RNs (28%) said they want to pursue advanced education as a nurse practitioner in the next 3 years.

• The strong desire among Millennials to become advanced practice nurses suggests greater engagement with values-based practices and servant-leader styles, and maybe some dissonance toward command-and-control leadership models.

• Millennial RNs place a higher value on leadership quality than any other generations of nurses.

Faller and Gogek, 2019

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Gretchen RubinAuthor, The Happiness Project

“What I do for my work is exactly what I would do if

no one paid me”

Meaningful Work

• “Work becomes meaningful when you are using the best of yourself to strive toward a purpose, which creates both a sense of personal fulfillment and positive outcomes in the world around you”

• “Studies show that people are happier, healthier, more engaged, more committed, and better-performing when their work is meaningful to them”

• “Those who find their work to be most are working for reasons much loftier than their paycheck”

• Meaningful professions:

Themes to these jobs:

Selfless, working on behalf of the vulnerable or the injured, noble

Nursing

Educators

The Paradox of Meaningful Work

Meaningful work can be depleting if you take out more

than you put in

Need to tend to yourself and your hidden supply of meaning

Steger, 2019

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Michael JordanHall of Fame basketball superstar

“Some people want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen”

Burnout

• A low sense of personal accomplishment, loss of enthusiasm, fulfillment, zest and creativity in work

• Emotional exhaustion, fatigue, feel numb

• Lost confidence, doubts about self worth, self criticism

• Linked to poor quality patient care, including increase in medical errors and lower patient satisfaction

Rust Out1

• Not using our gifts and talents

• No longer growing in support of something we believe in

1Michelle Buck, Clinical Professor of Leadership at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University

Substance Use Disorder & Suicide Rates

• Increased rates of substance use disorder in healthcare professionals

10%–15% percent of healthcare professionals will misuse substances during their lifetime1

Rates of prescription drug abuse and addiction are 5 times higher among physicians than in the general population1

• Increased rates of suicide in physicians and nurses than the general public

11.97 per 100,000 person-years among female nurses vs. 7.58 per 100,000 person-years among the female general population2

39.8 per 100,000 among male nurses vs. 28.2 per 100,000 person-yearsamong the male general population2

1 Butler Center for Research, 20152Firth, 2019

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You’ve changed…

…We’re supposed to

The Making of Your Best Self: Self Care

How do you flourish and thrive, not just survive? How do you become hardy and resilient?

Love vs. Loathe

Positive psychology:

The scientific study of human flourishing, and an applied approach to optimal functioning. It has also been defined

as the study of the strengths andvirtues that enable individuals,

communities and organizations to thrive1

1Gable & Haidt, 2005, Sheldon & King, 2001

Martin Seligman, PhD Father of Modern Positive Psychology

“Authentic Happiness comes from identifying and cultivating your fundamental strengths, and using them everyday in work, love, play, and parenting”

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Positive Psychology

• Positive counterpart to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

• Designed to look at what goes right

• Father of Modern Positive Psychology: Martin E. P. Seligman

Learned Optimism (1998)

Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential for Lasting Fulfillment (2002)

Character Strengths and Virtues, with C. Peterson (2004)

Flourish : A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well-Being (2011)

Well-being Theory

Well-being theory: PERMA

• Positive emotions

the ability to remain optimistic and view one’s past, present, and future from a constructive perspective

• Engagement

being completely absorbed in activities

• Relationships

being authentically connected to others

• Meaning

purposeful existence

• Achievement

a sense of accomplishment and success

What is PERMA?, Pascha, 2017

I think I can

I think I can

I think I can

I think I can

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Resilience

•Resilience matters more than education, experience, and training in determining who will or will not be successful

•Most sought after quality in employees

Coutu, 2002

Resilience:

The capacity to accept and face down reality

Hard Wiring Resilience

• Develop resilience mindset practices1

Learning journal

Social connections

Solicit feedback and guidance

Engage in wellness and well being practices

Count your contributions

Investigate resilience heroes and heroines

Lessons learned from adversity or failure both personal and private

Story telling

1Michelle Buck, Clinical Professor of Leadership at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University

LAVENDER

• LAVENDER—Leveraging Affect and Valuing Empathy for Nurturing Doctors’ Emotional Resilience1

• Goal: increase positive emotion and enhance coping through skills-based learning:

Positive reappraisal [cognitive reframing]

Noticing positive events

Capitalizing on positive emotions

Gratitude

Mindfulness

Personal strengths

Self compassion

Compassion towards others

1Developed by the Northwestern Medicine Osher Center for Integrative Medicine and led by Elaine Cheung, PhD, Research Assistant Professor at Northwestern University and Researcher

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John F. KennedyAmerican politician

“Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other”

Professional Preparation

1. Undergraduate and graduate education

2. Specialty certification

3. Member of a professional organization

4. Lifelong learning

Characteristics of a Supportive Nursing Practice Environment

• BSN-prepared nurses

• Nurse residency programs

• Specialty certified nurses

• Contemporary nursing models

• Appropriate staffing plans

• Shared Leadership Structure

• Office of Professional Practice and Development – focused on nursing practice, nursing career development, nursing research and quality projects

• Tuition/support available for ongoing professional education

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Hallmarks of an Exceptional Work Environment

Acute Care Environment Examples:

• American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) Magnet Recognition – gold standard for organizational and nursing excellence

• ANCC Practice Transition Accreditation Program (PTAP) –gold standard for residency programs that transition RNs and APRNs into new practice settings

• American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Beacon Award – honors individual units that distinguish themselves by improving patient care

John Quincy AdamsAmerican statesman and lawyer

“If your actions inspire other to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader”

Hildegard Peplau, PhD, RN, FAAN

• Mother of psychiatric nursing

• True pioneer in the development of the theory and practice of psychiatric and mental health nursing

• Revolutionary work in patient-nurse relationships is captured in her book Interpersonal Relationships in Nursing

• Introduced the "nurse-patient relationship" idea 40 years ago, a time when patients did not actively participate in their own care

1909-1999

Houser & Player, 2008

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Grayce Sills, PhD, RN, FAAN

• Internationally recognized scholar and a gifted, inspirational, and compassionate pioneer in the field of psychiatric mental health nursing

• Mentored by Hildegard Peplau

• 1964-1991 - Faculty member at The Ohio State University’s College of Nursing

• Professor emeritus at The Ohio State University College of Nursing and Fellow of the American Academy of Nursing

• Founding member of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA) and editor of the Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association

1926-2016

Houser & Player, 2008

Albert EinsteinMathematician and physicist

“Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow.

The most important thing is not to stop questioning”

Thank you!

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References

• Butler Center for Research. (2015, June 1). Unique Challenges for Professionals in Addiction Diagnosis and Treatment. Retrieved September 25, 2019 from https://www.hazeldenbettyford.org/education/bcr/addiction-research/health-care-professionals-substance-abuse-ru-615.

• Coutu, D. (2002). How Resilience Works. Harvard Business Review, 80, 46-55.

• Edmondson, A. C. (2018). The Fearless Organization: Creating Psychological Safety in the Workplace for Learning, Innovation and Growth. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

• Faller, M. and Gogek, J. (2019). Break From the Past: Survey Suggests Modern Leadership Styles Needed for Millennial Nurses. Nurse Leader: 17(2), 135-140.

• Firth, S. (2019, July 12). Suicide Risk in Nurses Higher Than General Population. MedPageToday. Retrieved September 25, 2019 from https://www.medpagetoday.com/nursing/nursing/81003.

• Friedman, S. D. (2008). Total leadership: Be a better leader, have a richer life. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Press.

• Gable, S. & Haidt, J. (2005). What (and Why) Is Positive Psychology?. Review of General Psychology. Educational Publishing Foundation: 9(2), 103–110.

• Goleman, D. (2006). Emotional Intelligence: Why it Can Matter More Than IQ. New York, NY: Bantam Books, 10th Ed.

References

• Houser, B. P. & Player, K. N. (2008). Words of Wisdom from Pivotal Nursing Leaders. Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau International.

• Paolini, H. O., D & Greenawald, M. H. (2016, May 20). Healers in Need of Healing Cannot Heal. Retrieved September 26, 2019 from https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/863416.

• Pascha, M. (2017, February 27). The PERMA Model: Your Scientific Theory of Happiness. Retrieved October 22, 2019 from https://positivepsychology.com/perma-model/.

• Sheldon, K. M., & King, L. (2001). Why positive psychology is necessary. American Psychologist, 56(3), 216-217.

• Steger, M. F. (2019, August 21). Does a Meaningful Job Need to Burn You Out?. Greater Good Magazine. Retrieved September 26, 2019 from https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/does_a_meaningful_job_need_to_burn_you_out.

• What is PERMA? (n.d.). Retrieved October 22, 2019 from https://gostrengths.com/whatisperma/.