10.3 Starch Glycogen and Cellulose
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Transcript of 10.3 Starch Glycogen and Cellulose
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10.3
Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose
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StarterHaemoglobin summary on kerboodle
http://www.live.kerboodle.com/http://www.live.kerboodle.com/ -
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Exam Practice
Haemoglobin is a rotein.
!" #hat is meant by the $uaternary structure o% arotein& '1 mark"
(" )he tertiary structure o% haemoglobin allo*s it tocarry oxygen. Exlain ho*. '+ marks"he way in which polypeptide chains ft together; 1
rnary structure only applies to a protein molecule that has more thanso you must put chains to show more than one.
ch polypeptide has a specifc 3D shape;globin has hydrophilic groups that allow it to mix with blood;
ecifc shape allows the oxygen molecules to ft into the proteins.drophilic groups are on the outside o" the molecule and can access th
n in the blood.
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earning -becti/es and SuccessCriteria
escribe ho* 2glucosemonomers are arrangedto %orm the olymers o%starch and glycogen
escribe ho* 2glucosemonomers are arrangedto %orm the olymercellulose
Exlain ho* the
structures o% starch,glycogen and celluloserelate to their %unctions
4ou can match u carbohydrates to
%unctions 4ou can make models o% thestructure o% glucose, starch and
cellulose
4ou can ans*er exam $uestions oncarbohydrates
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Starch StructureStarch is made %rom chains o% 2glucose
monomers
)hese are linked by glycosidic bonds,%ormed by condensation reactions '*aterreleased"
ra* out an 2glucose monomer
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Starch Structure)he chain o% 2glucose is *ound into a tight
coil
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Starch#here is starch %ound in a lant&5any arts as starch grainsSeedsStorage organs e.g. Potato tubers
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#hy is starch a good molecule %orstorage in lants&
#n pairs come up with a list o" reasons6t is insoluble, so doesn7t dra* *ater into
cells by osmosis
#on7t easily di8use out o% cells because itis insoluble
6t can be stored in a small sace becausethe tight coils make it comact
Can be easily hydrolysed to gi/e 2glucose,*hich can be used in resiration
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GlycogenStarch is not %ound in animal cells,
glycogen is used instead
6t is similar to starch, but has shorter chainsand is more highly branched
Storage molecule %or animals, %ound assmall granules in the muscles and the li/er
(ecause o% the shorter chains it is e/en
more readily hydrolysed than starch
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Cellulose5ade o% 2glucose, rather than 2glucosera* a molecule o% 2glucose
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Cellulose)o %orm glycosidic links, each 2glucose
molecule is rotated 190: comared to the onenext to it
Has straight, unbranched chains that runarallel to one another
Hydrogen bonds link the chains
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CelluloseSo many hydrogen bonds hel to
strengthen cellulose
)his makes cellulose a good structuralmaterial, hence its use in lant cell *alls toaid rigidity
Cellulose does this by grouing together to%orm micro;brils ;bres
Cellulose also re/ents cells bursting, sothey are turgid *hen %ull *ith *ater. )hishels suort stems
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Carbohydrates$or each o" these statements, pic% thecorrect carbohydrate "rom the listopposite
&arbohydrates ' may beused once, more than onceor not at all
1. Stains dee blue *ith iodine
solution
+. 6s kno*n as . !re olysaccharides
?. 5onosaccharide %ound in starch
@.Has a structural %unction
A. Can be hydrolysed
9. Easily di8uses in and out o% cells
2glucose
2glucose
Starch
Cellulose Glycogen
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Carbohydrates 2 !ns*ers1. Stains dee blue *ith iodine solution 2 Starch+. 6s kno*n as . !re olysaccharides 2 Starch, cellulose,glycogen
?. 5onosaccharide %ound in starch 2 2glucose
@. Has a structural %unction 2 Cellulose
A. Can be hydrolysed 2 Starch, cellulose,glycogen
9. Easily di8uses in and out o% cells 2 2glucose,2glucose
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!cti/ity B make models o% the moleculesout o% the e$uiment a/ailable
5ake an 2glucose ring5ake a starch molecule
5ake a 2glucose ring
5ake a cellulose molecule
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Exam uestions#ork through the exam $uestions on
carbohydrates
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earning -becti/es and SuccessCriteria
escribe ho* 2glucosemonomers are arrangedto %orm the olymers o%starch and glycogen
escribe ho* 2glucosemonomers are arrangedto %orm the olymercellulose
Exlain ho* the
structures o% starch,glycogen and celluloserelate to their %unctions
4ou can match u carbohydrates to
%unctions 4ou can make models o% thestructure o% glucose, starch and
cellulose
4ou can ans*er exam $uestions oncarbohydrates