10.2.1-10.2.2 Exam Review

Ms. Ramos

Alta Loma High School

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Ms. Ramos

The European intellectual movement that emphasized the responsibility of government to protect people’s natural rights was called the

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Enlightenment

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The phrase “natural rights” is original to and central to the writings of which philosopher?

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John Locke

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Which best summarizes the role of government in the social contract?

A. Basis of rights & responsibilities of the people.

B. Leg, exec, & judicial responsibilities.

C. Guarantees life, liberty, & property D. Main purpose is to interpret laws.

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A. Basis of rights & responsibilities of the people.

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What principle is directly reflected in the division of a gov into three branches?

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separation of powers

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Which statement best summarizes the idea of representative government as it was established in the English Bill of Rights? A. Powers not granted to the king are

kept by the people. B. Laws are made and carried out by

a group that acts for the people. C. All people are born free and equal

in rights. D. A strong central government

protects individual freedoms.

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A. Powers not granted to the king are kept by the people.

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The idea that governments get their power from the people they govern is called

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popular sovereignty.

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Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they

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challenged the old order

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An enlightened despot was a ruler who

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influenced political and social change.

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The _______ had as its key principles that nobles have rights and the monarch must obey the law- rule of law. It also laid the basis for due process of law.

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Magna Carta

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The Treaty of ______established the principle of sovereignty.

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Westphalia

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The Glorious Revolution and English Bill of Rights established a _______.

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Limited monarchy

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______ was a philosopher who wrote The Spirit of the Laws and stated that there should be a separation of powers.

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Montesquieu

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_______ was a philosopher who wrote The Social Contract and stated government is contract between the people and their rulers.

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Rousseau

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In the Glorious Revolution, Parliament offers the throne to ________.

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William & Mary

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The order of feudalism is king, ______, _______, and ______ at the bottom.

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King

LordKnight/vassalSerf/peasant

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Short Answers

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“Whereas, the late King James II . . . did endeavor to subvert [undermine] and extirpate [destroy] the Protestant religion and the laws and liberties of this kingdom. . . . The said lords [Parliament] . . . declare:

1. That the pretended power of suspending of laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal. . . .

6. That . . . raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law. . . .

8. That election of members of Parliament ought to be free. . . .”

–English Bill of Rights, 1689

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“Whereas, the late King James II . . . did endeavor to subvert [undermine] and extirpate [destroy] the Protestant religion and the laws and liberties of this kingdom. . . . The said lords [Parliament] . . . declare:

1. That the pretended power of suspending of laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal. . . .

6. That . . . raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law. . . .

8. That election of members of Parliament ought to be free. . . .” –English Bill of Rights, 1689

(a) Why was the English Bill of Rights written? (b) Think about the situation between the king and Parliament at this time. What did the writers of the document want to protect and prevent?

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(a) Why was the English Bill of Rights written?

(a) The English Bill of Rights was written to establish the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy. Its provisions protected the rights and powers of Parliament by limiting the power of the monarchy.

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(b) Think about the situation between the king and Parliament at this time. What did the writers of the document want to protect and prevent?

(b) The Bill of Rights prevented the monarchy from interfering in parliamentary debates or suspending laws. It prevented a Roman Catholic from sitting on the throne. It ensured that Parliament would meet regularly and gave the House of Commons “power of the purse.” The Bill of Rights restated the traditional rights of English citizens. It abolished excessive fines or cruel and unjust punishment. It also affirmed the principle of habeas corpus.

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(a) What did Thomas Hobbes believe was the basic nature of human beings? (b) What kind of government did Hobbes believe was best for human society? (c) What was John Locke’s view of basic human nature? (d) What did Locke conclude was the proper kind of government?

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(a) What did Thomas Hobbes believe was the basic nature of human beings?

(a) Thomas Hobbes believed that people are naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish. Without strong controls, people would harm and oppress one another.

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(b) What kind of government did Hobbes believe was best for human society?

(b) Hobbes believed that society needed a powerful government, such as an absolute monarchy, to keep order.

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(c) What was John Locke’s view of basic human nature?

(c) John Locke saw people as basically reasonable and moral, with all humans possessing natural rights.

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(d) What did Locke conclude was the proper kind of government?

(d) He concluded that government should have limited powers and should exist to protect the natural rights of citizens.

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Homework:

STUDY!!!!STUDY!!!!STUDY!!!!STUDY!!!!STUDY!!!!STUDY!!!!