1020 Introduction to Opportunities with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
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Transcript of 1020 Introduction to Opportunities with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
Introduction to Opportunities with the
System of Rice Intensification (SRI)
CNRRI Workshop, HangzhouFebruary 28, 2010
Prof. Norman UphoffCornell University
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is Not a
Technology• SRI derives from experience working with farmers in Madagascar during 1960s-1970
• SRI was synthesized in the early 1980s
• SRI capitalizes upon potentials that have always existed in the rice plant
• By changing the way that plants, soil, water and nutrients are managed, SRI methods more productive PHENOTYPES from most rice GENOTYPES - old & new
System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is Ideas
and Insights• SRI started with irrigated rice; but now adapted to rainfed/upland/unirrigated rice
• Paddy yields in Eastern India of 7 t/ha ave.
• Yields in Northern Myanmar are 4-6 t/ha
• Yields in Southern Philippines were 7 t/ha
• SRI methods are also now being adapted for other crops: wheat, millet, sugar cane, pulses, teff, legumes, etc. successfully
• SRI is concerned with MANAGEMENT
SRI Concepts and Methods Are Oriented to Better
Phenotypes• How to create most favorable growing conditions for the rice plant?• SRI practices reflect these principles:
• Rice is not an aquatic plant – it grows better in well-drained soils, with ‘minimum of water’
• Crowding affects rice plants adversely -- just as it affects all other plants badly
• Soil fertility depends crucially on soil biota - success depends on having LIVING SOIL
These understandings all affect PHENOTYPE
I NDI A: Finger Millet I ntensificationon lef t; regular management of improved
variety and of traditional variety on right
MADAGASCAR: Rice field grown with SRI methods
CAMBODIA: Rice plant
grown from single seed in
Takeo province
INDONESIA:Single-seed SRI rice plantVariety: CiherangFertile tillers: 223Sampoerna CSR Program, Malang, E. Java, 2009
Since SRI is Not a Technology,It is Continually Evolving
• SRI is a work in progress, not yet finished
• SRI is being continuously improved• Particularly by farmer innovations
• SRI is not a thing – best as an adjective
• Certainly not a single thing – many versions
• SRI is open access – no patents, no IPR
• SRI aims to increase productivity from available resources - land, labor, water, capital
Status of SRI: As of 1999
Known and practiced only in Madagascar
Before 1999: Madagascar1999-2000: China, Indonesia2000-01: Bangladesh, Cuba, Laos, Cambodia, Gambia, India, Nepal, Myanmar, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Thailand 2002-03: Benin, Guinea, Peru, Moz 2004-05: Senegal, Mali, Vietnam, Pakistan
2006: Burkina Faso, Bhutan, Iran, Iraq, Zambia2007: Afghanistan, Brazil 2008: Rwanda, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Egypt, Ghana2009: Timor Leste, Malaysia2010: Kenya; Sabah? Panama? Solomon Islands? DPRK?
2010: SRI benefits have now been validated in
38 countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America