10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key...
-
Upload
alban-daniel -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
1
Transcript of 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key...
![Page 1: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
10/18
Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa?
Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations?
Objectives: Students will be able to…•Describe the location, economy, government, religion, and achievements of Africa’s early civilizations•Compare and contrast Africa’s early civilizations
Agenda: Review Early Civilizations Chart
Homework: Read and take notes on Ch. 4 Sec. 2
![Page 2: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Early Human Civilization
• Earliest humans developed in Africa because of its climate
• As climate warmed, the Sahara Desert formed and humans migrated to river valleys
• Developed farming and civilization along the lower Nile in Egypt
![Page 3: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Review of Ancient Egyptian Civilization (3000 BCE-1100 BCE)
• Economy centered around the Nile• Ruled by pharaohs• Polytheistic and link btwn gods and
govt. • Social hierarchy based on occupation• Made great achievements
![Page 5: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Review of Nubia/Kush Civilization (600 BCE-30OCE)
• Influenced by and one ruled by ancient Egypt
• Economy centered around the Nile and trade
• Polytheistic
• Ruled by kings
• Made great artistic and scientific achievements
![Page 6: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Early African Civilizations Group Work
• Work with your group to learn about the economy, govt., religion and achievements of your assigned early African civilization
• Explain its characteristics to the class so that everyone’s “Early African Civilizations Chart” is complete
![Page 7: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Groups- H Block
• Ghana- Sara, Kelsey, Daniel, Steven
• Mali- Jocelyn, Ridge, Hunter
• Songhai- Ilana, Cooper, Jacob
• Benin- Erika, Patrick, Kris
• East African Coastal Cities- Noa, Ben, Jonice
• Great Zimbabwe- Brittney, Sam, Jordan
![Page 8: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ancient Egyptian and Nubian Civilization (3000 BCE-1100 BCE)
![Page 9: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Axum (100-900 CE)
![Page 10: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
West African Kingdoms- Ghana, Mali, Songhai
![Page 11: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Kingdom of Benin (1300-1897)
![Page 12: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
East African Coastal Cities/Swahili States (1000s-1800s)
![Page 13: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Great Zimbabwe (1000-1450)
![Page 14: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
10/16
Aim: What were early African societies like?
Objectives: Students will be able to…•Identify similarities and differences between farming and herding communities•Describe general trends in African social organization, govt., economics and religion•Identify cultural elements in a story
Agenda: PPT Review of 4.2African Folktale Group Work
Homework: 4.3 Notes
![Page 15: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Patterns of Early African Life
Ch. 4 Sec. 2
![Page 16: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Social Organization- Family
• Early hunter-gathers lived in nuclear families
• Farmers and herders live in extended families, often in clans (group of interrelated families)
• Most urban dwellers live in nuclear families
![Page 17: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Social Organization- Women and Marriage
• Women seen as central to family life and respected for child bearing
• Status varied but influenced roles and inheritance– Matriarchal/Matrilineal societies
vs. Patriarchal/Patrilineal societies
• Marriage traditionally occurred at young ages and included a gift to the bride’s family (bride wealth) but varied in type – Monogamy vs. polygamy
Matriarchal Patriarchal
Monogamy Polygamy
![Page 18: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Social Organization- Age Grade System
• A form of social organization based on age- all boys or girls born in the same year were linked– Formed basis of education and rise of adulthood– Helped community’s sharing of duties– Created ties of loyalty based on age– Influenced social hierarchy
![Page 19: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Patterns of Government
• Traditionally, the village was a democratic govt. unit – Stressed community over
individual– Elders served as leaders and
developed consensus (common agreement) on decisions
– In empires, village elders still made most decisions
• Today, a variety of govt. types exist, but villages are still important
![Page 20: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Traditional Economic Organization
• Most lived and worked as farmers or herders• Farming:
– In river valleys and savanna– Based on subsistence (growing
enough to survive)– Land as community property– Techniques based on environment
(Slash and burn)
• Herding: – Where farming was difficult– Cattle supported society- how?
![Page 21: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Economic Organization Today
• Many countries are becoming more advanced• Many Africans are still farmers and herders, but
are increasingly working in industry, manufacturing, services and mining
![Page 22: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Traditional African Religions
• Mostly monotheistic, but many worshipped spirits and revered ancestors– Animism: all objects have souls
and should be respected
• Believed in diviners (intermediaries between human and spirit world) and healers
![Page 23: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Religion in Africa Today• Some still believe in
traditional religions• Traditional beliefs have
blended with other religions• 40% of Africans are Christian
– Reached Africa in ancient times through trade and expanded in 1800s through missionaries
– Strongest in Central and Southern Africa
• 45% of Africans are Muslim– Reached Africa through trade
and Muslim empires beginning in 700s
– Strongest in Northern Africa
![Page 24: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
“Where Stories Come From”
• What does the story tell us about the Zulu (a group from Southern Africa)?– Family– Role of women– The economy (work and jobs)– Values (what’s important)– Beliefs
![Page 25: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
10/23
Do Now: Why did Europeans turn to Africa for slaves?
Aim: What were the causes and effects of the Atlantic slave trade?
Objectives: Students will be able to…•Explain what led to the development of the slave trade•Explain the effects of the slave trade on Africa
Agenda: Slave Trade Questions
Homework: Read and take notes on Chapter 4 Section 4
![Page 26: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
10/20
Do Now: What led to the end of the Atlantic slave trade in the mid-1800s? What led to the rise of imperialism in the late 1800s?
Aim: How did Africa become controlled by European imperial powers?
Objectives: Students will be able to…•Define imperialism•Explain European motives for controlling Africa•Explain how Europeans divided Africa for themselves
Agenda: PPT ReviewAfrican History Review
Homework: None!
![Page 27: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The Transatlantic Slave Trade• Causes:
– European desire for cheap labor in the Americas
– Death of most Native Americans– Africans’ ability to work and “survive” on
American plantations
• Effects on Africa:– Linked to Europe and the Americas– Growth of war – Hurt communities and families– Diaspora (people of African descent
living in many places)– Set stage for imperialism
![Page 29: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Atlantic Slave Trade vs. Imperialism
• Selling African slaves to work European farms in the Americas
• Linked to agriculture• 1500s – mid-1800s
• Conquest of African nations/groups by Europeans
• Linked to industry• Late 1800s – mid-
1900s
![Page 30: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Europeans Explore Africa
• Europeans had established trading posts on coast in 1500s, but hadn’t ventured inland
• Desire for new resources and adventure caused Europeans to explore Africa’s rivers in the 1700s and 1800s– Examples?
• Exploration made Europeans excited to extend influence to Africa
Park
Burt
on &
Spe
ke
Livi
ngst
one
![Page 31: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
European Motives for Imperialism: “Gold, Glory and God”
• Economic: – Desire for cheap raw materials and new
markets for manufactured goods
• Political: – Influenced by nationalism– Countries competed to control more land
than their rivals
• Religious/cultural: – Desire to spread Christianity and western
values to “inferior” African tribes
![Page 32: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Scramble for Colonies
• Europeans fought with each other and with Africans to control the continent
• Europeans were able to colonize most of the continent by the early 1900s– Why?
![Page 34: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Berlin Conference (1884)
• A meeting in which Europeans made decisions about the division of Africa – No Africans
invited – Made borders
regardless of cultural/language divisions
![Page 35: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Struggle for South Africa
• 1600s-1700s: Boer Settlement– Boers (Dutch) settled tip Cape Town in 1652– Enslaved local peoples– Expanded north while Zulu (African tribe) were
expanding south
• 1800s: Boers vs. British vs. Zulus– British won control of Cape Colony from Boers
and forced them north on “Great Trek”– Boers set up 2 republics (Orange Free State &
Transvaal) and battled Zulu for control of area
• 1900s: British Domination– Diamonds & gold discovered – British fought Dutch in Boer War (1902) and won
control over Dutch republics– Created Union of South Africa & granted it self-
rule (a colony but could have own govt. and make most decisions)
![Page 37: 10/18 Do Now: Where did ancient civilizations develop in Africa? Aim: What are the key characteristics of Africa’s early civilizations? Objectives: Students.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032803/56649e3b5503460f94b2e14c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
10/25
Do Now: What is imperialism? Why did it develop?
Aim: How did Africa become controlled by European imperial powers?
Objectives: Students will be able to…•Define imperialism•Explain European motives for controlling Africa•Explain how Europeans divided Africa for themselves
Agenda: Scramble for Africa Game
Homework: Read and take notes on Chapter 4 Section 5, Africa test next Thursday