10/15/2009

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Why Palladio?

• Palladio: a look at his life and designs

• Roman Influences

• Palladianism in England

• Palladianism in America

Palladio (Andrea di Pietro della Gondola)

Born in Padua 1508

Grew up and spent

most of his life in

Vincenza, (died 1580)

Trained in Rome under

the patronage of Count

Giangiorgio Trissino in

1540

Palladio’s Villa Barbaro

Maser, Veneto circa 1560

Built for Marcantonio and Daniele Barbaro

Stone cutter: Alessandro Vittoria

“Piano nobile”

"barchesse"

“wings”

“arcades”

“pavilions”

Paolo Veronese

Villa Barbaro

1560-62

View of the frescoes in the Crociera

Villa Barbaro (designed by Palladio)Wisdom with the Seven Planetary Gods

Frescoed ceiling of Salone

Designed in 1556 for the Venetian noble Francesco Badoer

Curved colonnade hides stables

Built over site of a medieval castle in

Fratta Polesine, Venetto, Italy

Villa Badoer Palazzo

Chiericati

Begun 1550, completed 1680

Vincenza, Italy

“bays”

“loggia” on “piano nobilie”

“classical orders: Doric, Ionic”

“statuary”

Count Girolamo Chiericati

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Villa Almerico-Capra “La Rotonda”

PALLADIO

Built in 1566 for Paolo Almerico,

completed in 1591 by Scamozzi for the Capra brothers.

Vincenza, Italy

“pediment”

6 Ionic Columns

Piazza dei Signori, Vincenza, 1549-1614

Basilica della Ragione

I Quattro Libri dell’Architettura

First published in 1570, Venice

Marcus Vitruvius

• De Architectura (Ten Books) written about 25 BCE

“Rediscovered” in 1441 by Poggio Bracchiolini in Abbey of St. Gallen, Switzerland.

1521 edition by

Cesare Cesariano

Leon Battista Alberti

• De Re Aedificatoria published 1485

(Ten Books)

• Modeled on Vitruvius, explains how to build,

(Vitruvius explained what was built).

• Influenced by teachings of Plato and Aristotle.

Temple of Portunus, Rome. 75 BCE. Roman Republic

A Quick Tour of Rome…

Villa Barbaro

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Arch of Titus

Rome

AD 81

Roman Empire

bay Palazzo Palladina

View of the Forum Romanum

Reconstruction – Ancient Rome

Colosseum, Rome. AD80. Roman Empire

Tuscan

Ionic

Corinthian

Forum of Trajan, 112 AD

Basilica Ulpia, AD 112.

Palazzo Chiericati

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The Pantheon, 112 C.E.

Villa Rotonda

Pantheon, 112 C.E.

Inigo Jones (1573-1652)

• Visited Italy in 1614

• Purchased Palladio’s

drawings and a copy of I

Quattro Libri from Scamozzi

• Annotated book still held at

Worcester College, Oxford.Painting by Hogarth, 1758

After Anthony Van Dyck, 1636

Queen’s House, Greenwich

• Built 1614-1617 for Anne of Denmark, Queen of King James I

• Altered 1635 for Henrietta Maria, Queen of King Charles I

Banqueting House at Whitehall

Built for King Charles I

1619-1622

“balustrade”

“rusticated basement”

“triangular and segmental pediments”

“swag reliefs below entablature”

“double-height hall”

Inigo Jones' plan, dated 1638, for a new

palace at Whitehall. The Banqueting House

is incorporated to the near left of the central

courtyard.1649 execution of Charles I outside the

inaccurately depicted Banqueting House.

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English Palladianism

• Vitruvius Britannicus by Colen Campbell, 1715

• Translations by Giacomo Leoni Palladio's, I Quattro

Libri in1715 and Alberti's De Re Aedificatoria, 1726.

• The Designs of Inigo Jones with Some Additional Designs, published by William Kent, 2 vols., 1727

• Roger Morris’ Pattern Books

Richard Boyle, 4th Earl of Cork,

Lord Burlington

• Nicknamed “Apollo of the Arts”

and as “the architect Earl”

• Saw the Baroque as a symbol

of foreign absolutism.

• Traveled on three Grand Tours

and a trip to Paris.

• Supported Georg Frideric

Handel and William Kent(1694-1753)

Chiswick House

Designed by Burlington and Kent, 1726-29 as a house to hold art.

Hounslow, England

(Palladio’s Villa Rotonda)

Cross-section of octagon at Chiswick House

Pantheon, Rome

Monticello

Designed by Thomas Jefferson

Charlottesville, Virginia, 1772