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International Journal of Genetics and Genomics2014; 2(1): 1-5Published online March 10, 2014 (http://wwwsciencepublishin!!roupco"/#/i#!!)doi: 1011$4%/#i#!!2014020111

Mechanisms of photoperiod in regulation of rice

floweringAbdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara

1, *, Salisu Muhammad Tahir

1, Idris Shehu

2, Mustapha Abbah

3,

Ummar Shitu4, Zainab Idris adidi

!,Aisha Isha" #umare

1

1&epart"ent o' iolo!ical science, aduna *tate +niersit, aduna *tate, .i!eria2&epart"ent o' Microbiolo!, aduna *tate +niersit, aduna *tate, .i!eria&epart"ent o' Micro iolo!, auchi *tate +niersit, adau, .i!eria4&epart"ent o' iolo!, sah aita olle!e o' 3ducation, atsina *tate, .i!eria5&epart"ent o' ioche"istr, auchi *tate +niersit, adau, .i!eria

$mail address%abdulrah"an##asuedun! (6 M &o!ara)

To &ite this arti&le%6bdulrah"an Mah"oud &o!ara, *alisu Muha""ad 7ahir, dris *hehu, Mustapha 6bbah, +""ar *hitu, 8ainab dris 9adidi, 6isha sha

u"are Mechanis"s o' Photoperiod in

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nternational ournal o' enetics and eno"ics 2014, 2(1): 1-5

conditions that induce 'lowerin! in rice this that Hd3a

plas an i"portant role in the production o' 'lowerin! in

riceA10B Fere?pression o' Hd3a and ! lead to earl

headin! in rice and earl 'lowerin! in Arabidopsis, the 'act

reealed that Hd3apro"otes the 'loral transition as in!

seuence and 'unction si"ilarit show that Hd3a is an

ortholo! o' !A11B t also reealed that seeral copies o'

! lie !enes 'ound in the rice !eno"e: such as "!1

located closed to Hd3a which its presu"ed a"ino acid

seuence with ninet-one percent si"ilarit withHd3aA11B

6dance"ent in the establish"ent o' rice !eno"ic

seuence and the possible production o' trans!enic rice

"aes it an interestin! "odel or!anis" 'or "olecular

studies in "onocots AGB @eadin! date !ene (Hd3a#,

which is 'ound on the chro"oso"e si? ($) pla an

i"portant role in short da 'lowerin! plant b pro"otin!

photoperiodic response A10B Hd3a to!ether with $d1 are

positie re!ulator under short da condition and the

trans!enic analsis rice plants shows that oer e?pressin!or suppressin! o'OsGI !ene actiates hd1 in short da as

well as in lon! da rice but howeer, OsGI, to!ether with

Hd1 suppresses the e?pression o' Hd3a !ene in lon! da

condition thereb serin! as ne!atie re!ulators 'or the

'lowerin! A10B 7hese shows that OsGI%Hd1%Hd3a is the

"a#or !enetic pathwa 'or the re!ulation o' photoperiod in

'lowerin! rice plants and these is also consered in

Arabidopsis which is a lon! da plantA12B Hd1 is onl

actiated in the dar period which !ie roo" 'or the

e?pression o'Hd3a !ene A1B7he dual 'unction o'Hd1'or

the re!ulation o' Hd3a !ene is dependent on the

photoperiod

4 Minor enes Inoled in the

+hotoperiod +ath)a( in i&e

@eadin! date $ was identi'ied b J79 analsis and

reealed to encode the a-subunit o' protein inase 2 t

causes delaed 'lowerin! in lon! da plantA1GB 7heArabidopsis 2 was shown to be inoled in thecircadian rhth"; there'ore it is also consered in rice and

6rabidopsisA1GB enes which hae been isolated as ere!ulators o' the photoperiodic re!ulation o' 'lowerin! are

well consered between rice andArabidopsisA14B7here'ore, one challen!e arise: are therean rice speci'ic !enes inoled in control o' 'lowerin!K

&$d1 was isolated b "ap based clonin! and shown to

contain a -tpe response re!ulatorA15B &$d1 acts topro"ote 'lowerin! in short da b actiatin! e?pression o'

Hd3a and its ho"olo!Es ts interestin! 'eature is that it

actiates downstrea" !enes independentl o' Hd1,

su!!estin! the presence o' a branched pathwa 'or

pro"otion o' 'lowerin! in short da 6lthou!h there areother !enes !eneticall identi'ied b J79 analsis, the

hae not been "olecularl identi'iedA15B 7here is a !oodpossibilit that !enes which are uniue to rice 'lowerin!

will be discoered in the near 'uture

! ight rea5 $//e&t in i&e

6 short e?posure to li!ht in the "iddle o' the ni!ht

pro"otes 'lowerin! in short da plants 7he pheno"enon is

called Lni!ht breaE (.) and has been used preiousl and

presentl b researchers as a tool to stud the photoperiodic

re!ulation o' 'lowerin! 'or "an ears @oweer, at the"olecular leel not "uch is nown about this pheno"enon

n Oryzasativa10 "in o' li!ht e?posure in the "iddle o' a

14-h ni!ht caused a dela in 'lowerin!A14B 6 sin!le .

stron!l suppressed the "

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nternational ournal o' enetics and eno"ics 2014, 2(1): 1-5 5

A22B Matsubara, , et al, .atural ariation in @d1G, a ho"olo!o' 6rabidopsis 39= that is inoled in rice photoperiodic

'lowerin! Plant and ell Phsiolo!, 2012 5(4): p G0I-G1$