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Chapters 2 & 3 Chapters 4 & 5 Chapters 6 & 7 Chapters 8 & 9 Chapters 10 & 11

The Stone Ages and Early Cultures

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Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent

Ancient Egypt

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Ancient Kush

Ancient India

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Ancient China

Hebrews and Judaism

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Ancient Greece

The Greek World

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The Roman Republic

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G6 Chapter 2 The Stone Ages and Early Cultures(5 Million Years Ago – 5,000 Years)

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G6C3 Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent (7,000 – 500 BC)





G6C2 Key Terms and People

1. prehistory

2. hominid

3. ancestor

4. tool

5. Paleolithic Era

6. society

7. hunter-gatheres

8. migrate

9. ice ages

10. land bridge

11. Mesolithic Era

12. Neolithic Era

13. domestication

14. agriculture

15. megaliths

Academic Vocabulary

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1. Fertile Crescent

2. silt

3. irrigation

4. canals

5. surplus

6. division of labor

7. rural

8. urban

9. city-state

10. Gilgamesh

11. Sargon

12. empire

13. poltytheism

14. priests

15. social hierarchy

16. cuneiform

17. pictographs

18. scribe

19. epics

20. architecture

21. ziggurat

22. monarch

23. Hammurabi’s Code

24. chariot

25. Nebuchadnezzar

26. alphabet

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the process of changing plants or animals to make them more useful to humans

100 Answer

1. Stone Age 8. The Fertile Crescent2. Hunter-Gatheres 9. Cuneiform3. Ice Ages 10. Irrigation and Civilization4. Early Human Migration 11. Polytheism5. A Mammoth House 12. The Wheel6. Early Domestication 13. Hammurabi’s Code7. Stone Tools 14. The Assyrian Army

200

The Sumerians believed in many gods.

Answer


300 Answer

Do you realize how much the achievements of ancient Sumer affect your life today—and every day? For instance, try to imagine life without _________. How would you get around? Look at the streets outside. The cars, trucks, and buses you see are all modern versions of Sumerian ______ (ed) vehicles. bicycles, and in-line skates all depend on ________ as well. Even modern air travel owes a large debt to the Sumerians. As impressive as jets are, they could never get off the ground without _________!


400 Answer

an area of rich farmland in Southwest Asia where the first civilizations began


This was a set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life. There were laws on everything from trade, loans, and theft to marriage, injury, and murder. It contained some ideas that are still found in laws today. Specific crimes brought specific penalties. However, social class did matter. For instance, injuring a rich man brought a greater penalty than injuring a poor man.

500 Answer


600 Answer

They hunted animals and gathered wild plants to survive. Life for these ______________ was difficult and dangerous. Still, people learned how to make tools, use fire, and even create art. Anthropologists believe that most Stone Age hunters were men. They hunted in groups, sometimes chasing entire herds of animals over cliffs. This method was both more productive and safer than hunting alone.


This was the world’s first system of writing. Sumerians did not have pencils, pens, or paper. Instead, they used sharp tools called styluses to make wedge-shaped symbols on clay tablets.

700 Answer


This was the most powerful fighting force the world had ever seen. It was large and well organized, and it featured iron weapons, war chariots, and giant war machines used to knock down city walls.

800 Answer


Since the area of Southwest Asia received little rain, water needed to be transferred from the rivers to inland areas to grow food. People began to dig canals to bring water inland. With controlling the water supply, civilizations developed with the increase in the production of food.

900 Answer


The origin of man is believed to have started in Africa. As the climate changed, people began leaving Africa and migrated to other parts of the world.

1000 Answer


Chapter 4 Ancient Egypt (4500 – 500 BC)





Chapter 5 Ancient Kush (c. 2300 BC - AD 350)






1. cataracts

2. Menes

3. pharaoh

4. dynasty

5. Old Kingdom

6. Khufu

7. nobles

8. afterlife

9. mummies

10. elite

11. pyramids

12. engineering

13. Middle Kingdom

14. New Kingdom

15. trade routes

16. Queen Hatshepsut

17. Ramses the Great

18. heiroglyphics

19. papyrus

20. Rosetta Stone

21. sphinxes

22. obelisk

23. King Tutankamen

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1. ebony

2. ivory

3. Piankhi

4. trade network

5. merchants

6. exports

7. imports

8. Queen Shanakhdakheto

9. King Ezana

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(ruled c. 1503–1482 BC) Egyptian queen, she worked to increase trade with places outside of Egypt and ordered many impressive monuments and temples built during her reign.

100 Answer

1. Ancient Egypt and the Nile River 8. Ebony2. Egyptian Society 9. Ivory3. Queen Hatshepsut 10. Exports4. Ramses the Great 11. Imports5. Heiroglyphics 12. Kush’s Trade Network6. Egyptian Gods 13. Kushite Metalwork7. Mummies and the Afterlife 14. Decline and Defeat of

Kushite Kingdom

The ancient Egyptian writing system that used picture symbols. The writing was done on papyrus, a long-lasting, paper-like material made from reeds that the ancient Egyptians used to wrote on. The Egyptians made papyrus by pressing layers of reeds together and pounding them into sheets. These sheets were tough and durable, yet easy to roll into scrolls. Scribes wrote on papyrus using brushes and ink.

200 Answer


Kushite Kingdom

a white material made from elephant tusks.

300 Answer


Kushite Kingdom

(late 1300s and early 1200s BC) Many people consider ___________ the last great Egyptian pharaoh. He accomplished great things, but the pharaohs who followed could not maintain them. Both a great warrior and a great builder, he is known largely for the massive monuments he built. The temples at Karnak, Luxor, and Abu Simbel stand as 3,000-year-old symbols of the great pharaoh’s power.

400 Answer


Kushite Kingdom

items sent to other regions for trade

500 Answer


Kushite Kingdom

600 Answer

goods brought in from other regions


Kushite Kingdom

700 Answer

(Most powerful to least powerful). Pharaoh – ruled Egypt as a God; Nobles – ran government and temples (from powerful and rich families); Scribes and Craftspeople – wrote and produced goods; Farmers, Servants, and Slaves – did all manual labor in the growing fields and building the pyramids.


Kushite Kingdom

a type of dark, heavy wood

800 Answer


Kushite Kingdom

Ancient Kush was at the center of a large trading network with connections to Europe, Africa, and Asia. Kush’s location and production of iron goods helped make it a rich trading center.

900 Answer


Kushite Kingdom

Geography played a key role in the development of Egyptian civilization. The Nile River brought life to Egypt and allowed it to thrive. The river was so important to people in this region that a Greek historian named Herodotus (hi-RAHD-uh-tuhs) called Egypt the gift of the Nile.

1000 Answer


Kushite Kingdom

G6C6 Ancient India (2,300 BC – AD 500)





G6C7 Ancient China (1600 BC - AD 1)





G6C6 Key Terms and People1. subcontinent

2. monsoons

3. Sanskirt

4. caste system

5. Hinduism

6. reincarnation

7. karma

8. Jainism

9. nonviolence

10. fasting

11. meditation

12. the Buddha

13. Buddhism

14. nirvana

15. missionaries

16. Chandragupta Maurya

17. Asoka

18. Chandragupta II

19. metallurgy

20. alloys

21. Hindu-Arabic numerals

22. inoculation

23. astronomy

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G6C7 Key Terms and People1. Jade

2. oracle

3. Lords

4. peasants

5. Confucius

6. ethics

7. Confucianism

8. Daoism

9. Laozi

10. Legalism

11. Shi Huangdi

12. Great Wall

13. sundai

14. seismograph

15. acupuncture

16. silk

17. Silk Road

18. diffusion

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100 Answer

Founder of the ideas of Buddhism. Also, known as the Buddha.

1. Indus River 8. Huang He2. Indian Society 9. Shang Dynasty3. Major Beliefs in Hinduism 10. Zhou Dynasty4. Caste System 11. The Warring States Period5. Siddhartha Gautama 12. Confucius6. Buddhism 13. Confucianism7. Asoka 14. The Silk Road

200 Answer

It is located in northern China and is known as the Yellow River. It has long been the center of civilization. The silt in the river gives it a yellow look. Southern China receives more rain than northern China, and farmers can grow several crops of rice a year. Western China’s high mountains and wide deserts make travel difficult and isolate China’s population centers in the east.


(551-479 BC) He was the most influential teacher in Chinese history. He grew up in extreme poverty. He was a dedicated student into his teenage years. Little is known about how he received his formal education, but he mastered many subjects, including music, mathematics, poetry, and history. He served in minor government positions, then he became a teacher. He never knew his teachings would transform Chinese life and thought.

300 Answer


This has divided people into groups based on wealth and status. People lived their lives by associating with only others of the same level of society.

400 Answer


The first dynasty for which we have clear evidence. It was firmly established by the 1500s BC. Strongest in the Huang He Valley, the __________ ruled a broad area of northern China. Their rulers moved their capital several times, probably to avoid floods or attack by enemies.

500 Answer


The Harappan civilization grew as irrigation and agriculture improved along this river. As farmers began to produce surpluses of food, towns and cities appeared in India.

600 Answer


700 Answer


Brahmins (BRAH-muhns), or priests,

Kshatriyas (KSHA-tree-uhs), or rulers and warriors,

Vaisyas (VYSH-yuhs), or farmers, craftspeople, and traders, and

Sudras (SOO-drahs), or laborers and non-Aryans.The Brahmins were seen as the highest ranking because they performed rituals for the gods. This gave the Brahmins great influence over the other varnas.

1. A universal spirit called Brahman created the universe and everything in it. Everything in the world is just part of Braham. 2. Every person has a soul or atman that will eventually join with the Brahman. 3. People’s souls are reincarnated many times before they can join with Brahman. 4. A person’s karma affects how her or she will be reincarnated.

800 Answer


1. People should be respected and loyal to their family members

2. Leaders should be kind and lead by example.

3. Learning is a process that never ends.

4. Heaven expects people to behave well and act morally.

900 Answer


1000 Answer


1. Suffering and unhappiness are a part of human life. No one can escape sorrow.

2. Suffering comes from our desires for pleasure and material goods. People cause their own misery because they want things they cannot have.

3. People can overcome desire and ignorance and reach nirvana (nir-VAH-nuh), a state of perfect peace. Reaching nirvana frees the soul from suffering and from the need for further reincarnation.

4. People can overcome ignorance and desire by following an eightfold path that leads to wisdom, enlightenment, and salvation.

Chapter 8 Hebrews and Judaism (2000 BC - AD 70)







Chapter 9 Ancient Greece (2000 BC – 500 BC)








1. Abraham

2. Moses

3. Exodus

4. Ten Commandments

5. David

6. Solomon

7. Diaspora

8. Judaism

9. monothesim

10. Torah

11. synagogue

12. prophets

13. Talmud

14. Dead Sea Scrolls

15. Zealots

16. Rabbis

17. Passover

18. High Holy Days

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1. Polis

2. classical

3. acropolis

4. democracy

5. aristocrats

6. oligarchy

7. citizens

8. tyrant

9. Pericles

10. mythology

11. Homer

12. Sappho

13. Aesop

14. fables

This is the most sacred of Hebrew writings. Jews believe its contents were revealed to Moses by God. It plays a central role in many Jewish ceremonies, like this one.

100 Answer

1. Abraham 8. Aristocrats2. Moses 9. Tyrants3. Judaism and Monotheism 10. Democracy in Action4. The Torah 11. Democracy Then and Now5. Jewish Migration after AD 70 12. Homer and Epic Poetry6. Ten Commandments 13. Aesop and Fables7. The Dead Sea Scrolls 14. Greek Influence on Language

(c. 1200s BC) Biblical figure, according to the Bible, he led the Hebrew people out of Egypt and back to Canaan in the Exodus. During this journey, he received the Ten Commandments from God.

200 Answer


These are short stories that teach the reader lessons about life or give advice on how to live.

300 Answer


According to the Hebrew Bible, God told _____________ to leave his home in Mesopotamia. He was to take his family on a long journey to the west. God promised to lead ____________ to a new land and make his descendants into a mighty nation.

______________left Mesopotamia and settled in Canaan (KAY-nuhn), on the Mediterranean Sea. His descendants—the Hebrews—lived in Canaan for many years. Later, however, some Hebrews moved to Egypt, perhaps because of famine in Canaan.

400 Answer


They were rich landowners. They dominated Athenian society. As the richest men in town, they ran the city’s economy. They also served as its generals and judges. Common people had little say in the government.

500 Answer


This is a leader who held power through the use of force. They were able to stay in power because they had strong armies and because the people supported them.

600 Answer


The central beliefs of this religion, are beliefs in education, justice, obedience, and one God.

700 Answer


The ten laws for Catholics to follow that were given from God to Moses.

800 Answer


Ancient Athens was the birthplace of democracy–the system of government in which the people rule themselves. Democracy was perhaps the greatest achievement of ancient Athens. In time, it became the Greeks’ greatest gift to the world.

900 Answer


(800s–700s BC) Greek poet, he wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, two famous Greek epic poems. They describe the deeds of heroes during and after the Trojan War. Like most epics, both poems describe the deeds of great heroes. The heroes in Homer’s poems fought in the Trojan War. In this war, the Mycenaean Greeks fought the Trojans, people of the city called Troy.

1000 Answer


G6 Chapter 10 The Greek World (550 – 30 BC)





G6 Chapter 11 The Roman Republic (753 – 27 BC)





G610 Key Terms and People

1. Cyrus the Great

2. cavalry

3. Darius I

4. Persian Wars

5. Xeres I

6. alliance

7. Peloponnesian War

8. Philip II

9. phalanx

10. Alexander the Great

11. Hellenistic

12. Socrates

13. Plato

14. Aristotle

15. reason

16. Euclid

17. Hippocrates

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G611 Key Terms and People

1. Aeneas

2. Romulus and Remus

3. republic

4. dictators

5. Cincinnatus

6. plebeians

7. patricians

8. magistrates

9. consuls

10. Roman Senate

11. veto

12. Latin

13. checks and balances

14. Forum

15. legions

16. Punic Wars

17. Hannibal

18. Gaius Marius

19. Lucius Cornelius Sulla

20. Spartacus

(c. 356–323 BC) He was one of the greatest military commanders in history. He conquered large areas of Asia and parts of Europe and Africa and spread Greek culture throughout his empire. His empire was the largest the world had ever seen. An admirer of Greek culture, he worked to spread Greek influence throughout his empire

by founding cities in the lands he conquered.

100 Answer

1. The Persian Wars 8. Roman Society2. Life in Sparta 9. Government of the Roman Republic3. Life in Athens 10. Checks and Balances4. Alexander the Great 11. The Roman Forum5. Socrates 12. The Roman Republic, 509-270 BC6. Plato 13. Rome Battles Carthage7. Aristotle 14. The Roman Republic, 270-100 BC

He believed that people must never stop looking for knowledge.

He was a teacher as well as a thinker. Today we call his type of teaching the Socratic method. He taught by asking questions. His questions were about human qualities such as love and courage. He would ask, “What is courage?” When people answered, he challenged their answers with more questions.

He wanted to make people think and question their own beliefs. But he made people angry, even frightened. They accused him of questioning the authority of the gods. For these reasons, he was arrested and condemned to death. His friends and students watched him calmly accept his death. He took the poison he was given, drank it, and died.

200 Answer


Perhaps the greatest Greek thinker was _____________, Plato’s student. He taught that people should live lives of moderation, or balance. For example, people should not be greedy, but neither should they give away everything they own. Instead, people should find a balance between these two extremes. He believed that moderation was based on reason, or clear and ordered thinking. He thought that people should use reason to govern their lives. In other words, people should think about their actions and how they will affect others.

He also made great advances in the field of logic, the process of making inferences. He argued that you could use facts you knew to figure out new facts. For example, if you know that Socrates lives in Athens and that Athens is in Greece, you can conclude that Socrates lives in Greece. His ideas about logic helped inspire many later Greek scientists.

300 Answer


He was a student of Socrates. Like Socrates, he was a teacher as well as a philosopher. He created a school, the Academy, to which students, philosophers, and scientists could come to discuss ideas.

Although he spent much of his time running the Academy, he also wrote many works. The most famous of these works was called The Republic. It describes his idea of an ideal society. This society would be based on justice and fairness to everyone. To ensure this fairness, he argued, society should be run by philosophers. He thought that only they could understand what was best for everyone.

400 Answer


Laws proposed by the Senate had to be approved by magistrates and ratified by assemblies. We call these methods to balance power. _______________ keep any one part of a government from becoming stronger or more influential than the others.

This made Rome’s government very complicated. Sometimes quarrels arose when officials had different ideas or opinions. When officials worked together, however, Rome’s government was strong and efficient

500 Answer


This was the center of life in ancient Rome. The city’s most important temples and government buildings were located there, and Romans met there to talk about the issues of the day.

It lay in the center of Rome, between two major hills. On one side was the Palatine (PA-luh-tyn) Hill, where Rome’s richest people lived. On the other side was the Capitoline (KA-pet-uhl-yn) Hill, where Rome’s grandest temples stood. Because of this location, city leaders could often be found in or near ____________, mingling with the common people. These leaders used ______________as a speaking area, delivering speeches to the crowds.

600 Answer


Life valued education and the arts and they believed that educated people made the best citizens.

700 Answer


Life was dominated by the army. They valued discipline, obedience, and courage above all else. The men learned these values at an early age, when they were trained to be soldiers. The women were also expected to be strong, athletic, and disciplined.

800 Answer


Based on three separate parts, the Magistrates, the Senate, and Assemblies.

The Magistrates were consuls that led the govt. and army and judged court cases. They had power over all citizens including other officials.

The Senate advised the consuls and served for life.

The Assemblies represented the common people and approved or rejected laws, declared war, and elected magistrates.

900 Answer


Was based on two groups, the Particians and the Plebeians.

The Patricians were wealthy and powerful citizens. They were a small minority of the population and controlled all aspects of govt.

The Plebeians were the common people. They were peasants, crafts-people, traders, and other workers. They were the majority of the population and gained the right to participate in govt.

1000 Answer


Chapters 2 & 3 Chapters 4 & 5 Chapters 6 & 7 Chapters 8 & 9 Chapters 10 & 11

The Stone Ages and Early Cultures

&

Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent

Ancient Egypt

&

Ancient Kush

Ancient India

&

Ancient China

Hebrews and Judaism

&

Ancient Greece

The Greek World

&

The Roman Republic

100 - 6 100 - 3 100 - 5 100 - 4 100 - 4

200 - 11 200 - 5 200 - 8 200 - 2 200 - 5

300 - 12 300 - 9 300 - 12 300 - 13 300 - 7

400 - 8 400 - 4 400 - 4 400 - 1 400 - 6

500 - 13 500 - 10 500 - 9 500 - 8 500 - 10

600 - 2 600 - 11 600 - 1 600 - 9 600 - 11

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700 - 9 700 - 2 700 - 2 700 - 3 700 - 3

800 - 14 800 - 8 800 - 3 800 - 6 800 - 2

900 - 10 900 - 12 900 - 13 900 - 10 900 - 9

1000 - 4 1000 - 1 1000 - 6 1000 - 12 1000 - 8

6. Early Domestication

100

200

11. Polytheism

12. The Wheel

300

8. The Fertile Crescent

400

13. Hammurabi’s Code

500

2. Hunter-Gatherers

600

9. Cuneiform

700

14. The Assyrian Army

800

10. Irrigation and Civilization

900

4. Early Human Migration

1000

3. Queen Hatshepsut

100

5. Hieroglyphics

200

9. Ivory

300

4. Ramses the Great

400

10. Exports

500

11. imports

600

2. Egyptian Society

700

8. Ebony

800

12. Kush’s Trade Network

900

1. Ancient Egypt and the Nile River

1000

5. Siddhartha Gautama

100

200

8. Huang He

12. Confucius

300

4. Caste System

400

9. Shang Dynasty

500

1. Indus River

600

2. Indian Society

700

3. Major Beliefs of Hinduism

800

13. Confucianism

900

6. Buddhism

1000

4. The Torah

100

2. Moses

200

13. Aesop and Fables

300

1. Abraham

400

8. Aristocrats

500

9. Tyrants

600

3. Judaism and Monotheism

700

6. Ten Commandments

800

10. Democracy in Action

900

12. Homer and Epic Poetry

1000

4. Alexander the Great

100

5. Socrates

200

7. Aristotle

300

6. Plato

400

10. Checks and Balances

500

11. The Roman Forum

600

3. Life in Athens

700

2. Life in Sparta

800

9. Government of the Roman Republic

900

8. Roman Society

1000

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