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Atomic Theory Grab BagP.T. TrendsCounting Particles
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What is Chemistry?
The Study of Matter
What is the name for a substance that cannot be
broken down by either chemical or physical means?
An Element
What is the name for a substance that contains 2 or more elements and cannot be broken down by physical
means?
Compound
What is a combination of 2 or more substances that can be
separated by physical means?
A mixture
What type of mixture is not uniformly blended?
Heterogenous Mixture
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion
What type of mixture is uniformly blended?
Homogenous mixture
Most of the mass of an atom is found where?
The Nucleus
Most of an atom is made up of what?
Empty Space
What is the mass of a proton in AMU’s?
1 amu
What is the mass of an electron?
Essentially Zero
What two particles’ masses are used in determining the atomic mass number?
Protons + Neutrons
Which scientist’s gold foil experiment helped to show that most of an atom is
empty space?
Rutherford
What does the atomic number of an element mean?
The number of protons
How do you determine the number of electrons in a neutral atom?
# of electrons = atomic number
What is an isotope?
An element with a different number of neutrons
How many protons and neutrons does 37Cl have?
17 protons and 20 neutrons
How many electrons does 20Ca2+
have?
18 electrons
What kind of energy does an excited electron typically
emit?
Light
What is electron affinity?
An atom’s desire to grab an extra
electron
What is the periodic trend for electron
affinity?
Increases from left to right
Increases from left to right
What is the periodic trend for ionization energy
What are the two periodic trends for atomic radius?
Decreases from left to rightIncreases from top to bottom
Why does atomic radius increase as you move from the top to the bottom
of the Periodic Table?
Extra shells are added
Which type of elements are found to the left of the stairs?
Metals
Name 3 characteristics of metals
Good conductorsShiny lusterMalleableDuctileSolids at room tempTend to lose electrons
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outermost shell
How many valence electrons does an atom with an electron
configuration of 2-8-18-5 have?
5 valence electrons
What is sublimation?
A change in phase from a solid directly into a gas
What are the only 2 elements that are liquids at room temperature on the
periodic table?
Bromine and Mercury
Final Jeopardy
Category:
Periodic Trends
Define Ionization Energy.
The amount of energy required to remove the outermost electron
of an atom.