“100% Exciting!”
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“100% Exciting!”
Izmit Turkey Seismogram
Differences in density and other physical properties affect the velocity of seismic waves.
Granite (and Average Continental Crust)
6.0 km/sec
3.5 km/sec
2.5 km/sec
3.0 km/sec
Continental Crust:P-wave Velocity = 6 km/sec“Granite”
Oceanic Crust:P-wave Velocity = 7 km/sec“Basalt”
Crust6-7 km/sec
Mantle8-13 km/sec
Outer Core8-10 km/sec
Inner Core10-11 km/sec
P-wave Velocitie
s
speed of light in a vacuum = 300,000,000 m/s
speed of light in glass = 200,000,000 m/s
From:www.what-is-the-speed-of-light.com
Slow
SlowFast
Fast
T
Distanced measured in degrees from epicenter.
Travel-time versus Distance Curves
Distanced measured in degrees from epicenter.
Travel-time versus Distance Curves
P-wave reflected from Core-Mantle Boundary
PcP
Fast
Slow
Slow
Fast
Slow
Fast
“Moho”Andrija Mohorovicic
Zagreb Seismological Observatory1909
“Moho”Andrija Mohorovicic
Zagreb Seismological Observatory1909
Inner Core discovered by Inge Lehmann in 1936
Copenhagen Seismological Observatory
Inner Core discovered by Inge Lehmann in 1936
Copenhagen Seismological Observatory
Low Velocity Zone in Upper Mantle
Low Velocity Zone in Upper Mantle
Low Velocity Zone = Asthenosphere of Plate Tectonics
Mechanism of Plate Tectonics
Crust6-7 km/sec
Mantle8-13 km/sec
Outer Core8-10 km/sec
Inner Core10-11 km/sec
P-wave Velocitie
s
“A Must-See Movie!”